scholarly journals Fiber optic sensors for environmental monitoring

2019 ◽  
pp. 527-530
Author(s):  
Leonid B. Likumovich ◽  
Andrei V. Medvedev ◽  
Oleg I. Kotov ◽  
Sergei I. Markov ◽  
Vladimir M Nikolaev
Keyword(s):  
Signal Processing ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Acoustic Waves ◽  
Phase Modulation ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Fiber Optic Sensor ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Signal Processing Technique

Sensors discussed are designed to register acoustic waves and micro deformations in ground. Sensor technology is based on phase modulation that occurs in optical fiber when it is influenced by outside mechanical disturbance. In our paper we consider two possible ways of registration this phase modulation: fiber optic interferometer and mode to mode interference. These methods can be incorporated with various signal processing technique to obtain maximum efficiency of fiber optic sensor under the certain conditions. It is well known that optical fibers are widely used to transmit high band signals for long distances. In this case fiber sensitivity to environmental disturbances is a bad thing. But from other side the disturbances change propagating light properties (intensity, phase, polarization, etc.). This changes can be registered in the output light and after appropriate signal processing will give information about the parameters of the outside influence on the fiber. This is an idea in brief how optical fibers can be used as physical parameters sensors.

scholarly journals Multifunctional Extrinsic Fiber Optic Sensor to Measure Various Parameters of Liquids at the Operating Wavelength of 660nm Employing a U-Shaped Glass Rod as a Sensing Element

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S3) ◽  
pp. 1418-1431
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Adiabatic Compressibility ◽  
Molar Refraction ◽  
Fiber Optic Sensor ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Sensing Element ◽  
Optic Sensor ◽  
Operating Wavelength ◽  
Shaped Glass

Fiber Optic sensor technology has become more popular since early 1970’s during which the mechanism of losses from optical fibers was exploited to construct a new class of fiber optic sensors and systems. A novel fiber optic sensor has been developed by connecting a U-shaped glass element of specific dimensions between a light source of 660nm wavelength and an optical power detector by using a couple of PCS optical fibers of 200/230μm diameters of core and cladding respectively. The sensor can be employed to measure several parameters such as Refractive Index, Density, Viscosity, Ultrasonic Velocity, Molar Volume, Molar Refraction, Dielectric Constant, Acoustic Impendence, Adiabatic Compressibility, Viscous Relaxation Time, Intermolecular Free Length, Absorption Coefficient, Gibb’s Free Energy, Free Volume, Internal Pressure and their excess parameters of Toluene and tert-Butanol mixtures at 30℃ temperature and at the operating wavelength of 660nm

Fiber-Optic Sensor Technology and Combinatorial Chemistry

2003 ◽  
Vol 804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Geissinger ◽  
Barry J. Prince ◽  
Nadejda T. Kaltcheva ◽  
Maureen J. Prince ◽  
Alan W. Schwabacher
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Combinatorial Chemistry ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Optical Fiber Sensor ◽  
Combinatorial Libraries ◽  
Fiber Optic Sensor ◽  
Fiber Sensor ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Compound Libraries

ABSTRACTOur recently introduced “Fiber-Optic Combinatorial Chemistry” technique combines combinatorial synthetic methods and optical fiber sensor technologies. Our one-dimensional combinatorial chemistry method allows for synthesis of large compound libraries in a linear format, for example in the cladding of optical fibers. Subjecting these libraries to assays that indicate positive identification of a library member by the binding of a fluorescent group, produces, in effect, an optical fiber sensor array. The location of a particular fluorescent region along the optical fiber can be determined through the optical time-of-flight technique, in which laser pulses propagating through the fiber core probe through their evanescent fields the fluorescent properties of the compounds located in the fiber cladding. It is a virtue of our combinatorial synthetic procedure that with the location of a compound on the fiber, its synthetic history is immediately known. We demonstrated that limitations on the spatial resolution of compounds along the fiber due to the excited state lifetimes of the fluorescent marker molecules can be overcome by the use of a second fiber - evanescently coupled to the first one - as an optical delay.The existing claddings of optical fibers severely restrict the range of chemistries for the synthesis of combinatorial libraries. Therefore, in order to make our method more generally applicable, the existing fiber cladding has to be replaced by a porous material that can act as solid support for reactions and at the same time preserve the optical guiding conditions of the fiber. In this contribution we discuss the requirements for such a replacement cladding and evaluate the general suitability of a functionalized candidate material.

scholarly journals Sensing, Actuation, and Control of the SmartX Prototype Morphing Wing in the Wind Tunnel

Actuators ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Nakash Nazeer ◽  
Xuerui Wang ◽  
Roger M. Groves
Keyword(s):  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Fiber Optic Sensor ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Random Errors ◽  
Morphing Wing ◽  
Actuator Dynamics

This paper presents a study on trailing edge deflection estimation for the SmartX camber morphing wing demonstrator. This demonstrator integrates the technologies of smart sensing, smart actuation and smart controls using a six module distributed morphing concept. The morphing sequence is brought about by two actuators present at both ends of each of the morphing modules. The deflection estimation is carried out by interrogating optical fibers that are bonded on to the wing’s inner surface. A novel application is demonstrated using this method that utilizes the least amount of sensors for load monitoring purposes. The fiber optic sensor data is used to measure the deflections of the modules in the wind tunnel using a multi-modal fiber optic sensing approach and is compared to the deflections estimated by the actuators. Each module is probed by single-mode optical fibers that contain just four grating sensors and consider both bending and torsional deformations. The fiber optic method in this work combines the principles of hybrid interferometry and FBG spectral sensing. The analysis involves an initial calibration procedure outside the wind tunnel followed by experimental testing in the wind tunnel. This method is shown to experimentally achieve an accuracy of 2.8 mm deflection with an error of 9%. The error sources, including actuator dynamics, random errors, and nonlinear mechanical backlash, are identified and discussed.

Automated Fiber-Optic System for Monitoring the Stability of the Pit Quarry Mass and Dumps

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
А.D. Меkhtiyev ◽  
◽  
E.G. Neshina ◽  
P.Sh. Madi ◽  
D.A. Gorokhov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Light Wave ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Fiber Optic Sensors ◽  
Fiber Optic Sensor ◽  
Laboratory Sample ◽  
Single Mode Optical Fiber

This article ls with the issues related to the development of a system for monitoring the deformation and displacement of the rock mass leading to the collapse of the quarry sides. Monitoring system uses point-to-point fiber-optic sensors. Fiber-optic sensors and control cables of the communication line are made based on the single mode optical fibers, which allows to measure with high accuracy the deformations and displacements of the rock mass at a distance of 30-50 km. To create fiber-optic pressure sensors, an optical fiber of the ITU-T G. 652.D standard is used. Laboratory sample is developed concerning the point fiber-optic sensor made based on the two-arm Mach-Zender interferometer using a single mode optical fiber for monitoring strain (displacements) with a change in the sensitivity and a reduced influence of temperature interference leading to zero drift. The article presents a mathematical apparatus for calculating the intensity of radiation of a light wave passing through an optical fiber with and without mechanical stress. A laboratory sample of single mode optical fibers based on the Mach-Zender interferometer showed a fairly high linearity and accuracy in the measurement and can be used to control the strain of the mass after appropriate refinement of its design. Mathematical expressions are also given for determining the intensity of the light wave when the distance between the fixing points of a single mode optical fiber changes depending on the change in the external temperature. A diagram for measuring strain using a point fiber-optic strain sensor is developed. Hardware and software package is developed, which can be used to perform a number of settings of measuring channels. The work is aimed at solving the production problems of the Kenzhem quarry of AK Altynalmas JSC.

An improving demodulation of interferometric fiber optic sensor technology

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Gao ◽  
Yong Li ◽  
Zhaorui Chu ◽  
Ming Wu ◽  
Nan Lin
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Fiber Optic Sensor ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Optic Sensor

Research on Fiber-Optic Strain Signal Processing Based on Demodulation Technique

2010 ◽  
Vol 44-47 ◽  
pp. 2569-2572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Wei Du ◽  
Li Rong Li
Keyword(s):  
Signal Processing ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Sampling Rate ◽  
Fiber Optic Sensor ◽  
Sensor Signal ◽  
Optic Sensor ◽  
Processing Module ◽  
Sensor Probe ◽  
Signal Processing Module

A higher performance signal processing module is demanded because of the high sensitivity of fiber-optic sensor probe. Excellent signal processing module is expected have the function of restore the sensor signal and very little to the introduction of noise. In this paper, improved demodulation algorithm is proposed based on the general demodulation algorithm through changing certain parameters of the algorithm aimed to improve the quality of the signal after demodulation. The output signals of scene sensor probe is sampling, sampling data through filtering. By using the improved fiber optic sensor signal demodulation algorithm, the system can fully improve the quality of the signal after demodulation under the premise of maintains the minimum sampling rate.

scholarly journals Fiber optic humidity sensor based on silk fibroin interference films

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Opilski ◽  
Marcin Procek ◽  
Salvador Aznar-Cervantes ◽  
Jose Cenis ◽  
Xavier Munoz
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Silk Fibroin ◽  
Humidity Sensor ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Dip Coating ◽  
Fiber Optic Sensor ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Humidity Sensing

The article presents an inexpensive and simple method of fiber optic interference relative humidity (RH) sensors based on silk fibroin (SF) films. The sensors were made on standard multimode telecommunications optical fibers using dip-coating method and examined using broadband light sources. The measuring stand at which the basic sensor parameters were measured and the measured parameters were presented. Full Text: PDF ReferencesY.-G. Han, "Relative Humidity Sensors Based on Microfiber Knot Resonators—A Review", Sensors, 19(23), 5196 (2019) CrossRef L.D. Koh, Y. Cheng, C. P. Teng, Y. W. Khin, X. J. Loh, S. Y. Tee, et al., "Structures, mechanical properties and applications of silk fibroin materials", Prog. Polim. Sci. 46, 86-110 (2015) CrossRef H. Tao, D. L. Kaplan, F. G. Omenetto, "Silk Materials – A Road to Sustainable High Technology", Adv. Mater., 24, 2824-2837 (2012), CrossRef Q. Li, N. Qi, Y. Peng, Y. Zhang, L. Shi, X. Zhang, et al., "Sub-micron silk fibroin film with high humidity sensibility through color changing", RSC Adv. 7(29), 17889-17897 (2017) CrossRef S.K. Hwan, H.C. Sung, B. Roy, S. Kim, Y.H. Ahn, "Humidity sensing using THz metamaterial with silk protein fibroin", Opt. Express 26(26), 33575-33581 (2018) CrossRef M. Procek, Z. Opilski, A. M. Maqueda, X. M. Berbel, S. D. Aznar-Cervantes, J. L. Cenis, C. D. Horna, "Silk fibroin thin films for optical humidity sensing", Proc. SPIE , 11204, 0277-786X, (2019). CrossRef Y. Luo, Y. Pei, X. Feng, B. Lu, L. Wang, "Silk fibroin based transparent and wearable humidity sensor for ultra-sensitive respiration monitoring", Mater. Lett., 260, 126945 (2020) CrossRef E. Maciak, "Low-Coherence Interferometric Fiber Optic Sensor for Humidity Monitoring Based on Nafion® Thin Film†", Sensors 19(3), 629 (2019) CrossRef

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