Analysis of the temperature effect on the stresses and deformations of GRP panels during the grouting process when using relining technology

The paper presents a numerical analysis of the behaviour of egg-shaped glass-reinforced plastic (GRP) panels during the grouting process when using short relining technology. The analysis was carried out for panels subjected to temperature changes. The temperature increase was caused by the heat of hydration of the grout. It was shown that temperature had a significant effect on the stresses occurring in the panels’ walls and also on their deformations. The analysis involved grout being added in a single stage and then in two stages for comparison. The distribution of stresses and deformations were examined for panels with different wall thicknesses that ranged from 12 to 20 mm. Extensive knowledge about the grouting process and the effect of temperature on the behaviour of GRP panels during the assembly stage when using short relining technology could make this non-disruptive technology more competitive with regards to the time of its implementation and its costs when compared to traditional methods.

SINGLE PASS CLEAVING OF ULTRAFAST LASER MODIFIED C-SHAPED GLASS EDGES

We report on single-pass laser cleaving of transparent materials with C-shaped edges that exhibit 45-deg tangential angles to the surface. A holographic 3D beam splitter distributes several foci along the desired edge contours, including C-shaped edges. Single-pass, full thickness laser modifications are achieved requiring single-side access to the workpiece only without inclining the optical head. After having induced laser modifications with feed rates in the order of 100 mm/s actual separation is performed using a selective etching strategy.

Comprehensive Study and Experimental Validation of U-shaped Probe Extrinsic Fiber Optic Sensor for the Measurement of Refractive Index at Various Temperatures using a Tunable Light Source

Extensive detection performances due to sensitivity to external and internal perturbations in the fiber structure makes the optical fiber sensors highly superior over the conventional sensors. The fiber optic sensors with clad removed fibers at some portion along its length play a vital role in the determination of refractive index of various liquids at several wavelengths and at several temperatures. In the present paper a refractive index sensor has been developed to investigate the performance and experimental validation in the measurement of R.I. values of liquids at various temperatures using a tunable light source capable of emitting light at the wavelengths of 630nm, 660nm, 820nm and 850nm. The U-shaped glass probe connected between the tunable light source and an optical detector using two multimode PCS fibers of 200/230μm, acts as a clad removed portion of the sensor which is called as sensing zone or sensing region. In the working principle of the sensor, the U-shaped glass rod immersed into each mixture prepared with the combination of Toluene and Acetonitrile, the light launched from the source reaching the detector was noted at various temperatures and by tuning the wavelength of the source to 630nm, 660nm, 820nm and 850nm. From the data obtained, the sensor was calibrated to measure the refractive index of various liquids at different temperatures and wavelengths. Exploiting all the advantages offered by the fiber optic communication systems, the sensor was expected to be rugged, robust, reliable, and durable offering the sensitivity in the range of the order of 10-5.

Representative volume element based micromechanical modelling of rod shaped glass filled epoxy composites

In this study, Representative Volume Element based micromechanical modeling technique has been implemented to assess the mechanical properties of glass filled epoxy composites. Rod shaped glass fillers having an aspect ratio of 80 were used for preparing the epoxy composite. The three-dimensional unit cell model of representative volume element was prepared with finite element analysis tool ANSYS 19 using the periodic square and hexagonal array with an assumption that there is a perfect bonding between the filler and the epoxy matrix. Results revealed that the tensile modulus increases and Poisson’s ratio decreases with increase in the volume fraction of the filler. To study the effect of filler volume fraction, the pulse echo techniques were used to experimentally measure the tensile modulus and Poisson’s ratio for 5% to 15% volume fraction of the filler. A good agreement was found between the RVE based predicted values and the experimental results.