Introducing Nature-Saving Technologies as an Environmental Imperative in the Development of Regions

The article deals with the conservation and restoration of water resources, which is one of the basic factors of regional development. O.V. Inshakov paid attention to this factor highlighting natural resources (land, water, minerals, forests and others) with a certain set of indicators of quantity, structure and quality in the structural and logical model of the development of Volgograd region – 2030. One of the key directions of the civilization development in the 20th century was the search and practical application of a new class of technological and technical solutions in the field of water conservation with the ecological imperative “preserve nature for future generations”. This implies the gradual elimination of their practices of economic activity processes that can lead to irreversible consequences in the ecosystem of the planet. In this context, the issues raised in the article on the study and preservation of natural water quality in the South of Russia are very justified and relevant. As a result of the anthropogenic impact (pollution by industrial, agricultural and municipal effluents), nitrogen, phosphorus, chlorine-containing substances causing fatal mutations and the process of “blooming” of water bodies are concentrated in excess in natural water. Many countries face the problem of “blooming” of water bodies as a result of intensive growth of blue-green algae. The importance of solving this problem is explained by the fact that the toxins entering water from the biological activity of blue-green algae are very dangerous for human health and other organisms. Scientific literature provides examples of human diseases from using water with a significant amount of cyanobacteria blooms. When “blooming” biomass of blue-green algae accumulates in the coastal part and causes technical difficulties in supplying water to the water supply network, the formation of overseas zones and the death of hydrobionts. Existing methods of combating “blooming” have a number of significant drawbacks, for example, mechanical methods require high financial costs, and chemical ones are environmentally unsafe. The article presents the results of the scientific research of the All-Russian Research Institute of Irrigated Agriculture, Volgograd (Volgograd) on using biotechnology for natural water purification. The experiment on introducing Chlorella vulgaris IGF no. C-111 microalgae into the bays of the Volgograd reservoir was carried out on the basis of preliminary compilation of the hydrological characteristics of the reservoir bays, determination of hydrobiological and hydrochemical qualities of water. The aim of the work was to substantiate the technology of introducing Chlorella vulgaris IFR no. C-111 strain into the bays of the Volgograd reservoir and to obtain data confirming the scientific hypothesis – the expediency of using Chlorella vulgaris IFR no. C-111 strain to improve the hydrobiological and hydrochemical composition of natural water.

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МІКРОФІТОБЕНТОС ЯК БІОІНДИКАТОР ЗМІНИ ГІДРОМОРФОМЕТРИЧНИХ ПАРАМЕТРІВ ВОДНОГО ОБ’ЄКТУ МІСТА КИЄВА

Scientific Issue Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University. Series: Biology ◽

10.25128/2078-2357.19.4.5 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 78 (4) ◽

pp. 30-35

Author(s):

O. A. Davydov ◽

D. P. Larionova

Keyword(s):

Human Impact ◽

Green Algae ◽

Hydrotechnical Construction ◽

Water Bodies ◽

Multimetric Index ◽

Structural Element ◽

Construction Operations ◽

Blue Green Algae ◽

Key Characteristics ◽

Littoral Area

A great number of water bodies within urban areas of Kyiv City are exposed to human impact. Hydrotechnical construction operations alter their morphometric and hydrological parameters, water bodies are contaminated with various inorganic and organic substances etc. Since human impact upon water bodies has diversified, bioindication is a well-established and effective method of assessing water bodies’ ecological status and measuring the rate of their ecosystems’ disturbance. Microphytobenthos is an important element of aquatic ecosystems and is widely used as a reliable biological indicator. While using microphytobenthos as an ecological community, it is required to evaluate the bioindication efficiency of its indicative structural elements, which respond distinctly to changes in anthropogenic factors on the whole and in the degree of human impact upon water bodies of different types. This paper considers the findings of studying microphytobenthos indicative structural element bioindication characteristics – ecological-morphological group of benthic filamentous blue-green algae and their role in forming the respective parameters among benthonts in the littoral area of Opechen Lower Lake, located within Kyiv City residential community. Large-scale hydrotechnical construction operations conducted in the lake in 2019 greatly affected its hydromorphometric parameters by reducing the shallow-water area and disturbing the bottom sediments stability, which resulted in increase of the human load. The objective of the study was to identify key characteristics of the microphytobenthos indicative structural element under conditions of the lake’s hydromorphometric parameters alteration. Benthic algae were sampled with the MB-TE microbenthometer within the littoral area at aquatic-vegetation-free sites located in the lake’s upper and lower sections. Algae sampling and laboratory processing of samples were performed in accordance with the methods generally accepted in hydrobiology. For diatoms identification permanent slides were made with using special high-resolution mounting media. Autochthonous components in microphytobenthos, the indicative ecological-morphological group of benthic filamentous blue-green algae were distinguished proceeding from algae’s association with particular biotopes. In addition to separate characteristics (species richness, number, biomass), a multimetric index was calculated for the benthonts’ indicative group as an arithmetic average of several characteristics. The degree of human impact upon the lake ecosystem was calculated according to the proven method, consisting in distinguishing the total number of the most obvious human factors with consideration taken of their different intensity. The findings of studying the key characteristics of phytomicrobenthos indicative structural element – benthic filamentous blue-green algae in 2018–2019 confirm their high bioindication efficiency and distinct response to hydromorphometric parameters alteration in Opechen Lower Lake. As a consequence of hydromorphometric alterations the share of these algae in the benthonts’ species richness, number and biomass has decreased by half, and the vegetation-period-average multimetric index has lowered by 1.7. This gives the evidence that the conditions for bottom algae vegetation have worsened.

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MATERIALS FOR THE SUBSTANTIATION OF HYGIENIC STANDARD OF MICROCYSTIN-LR IN WATER OF WATER OBJECTS

Hygiene and Sanitation ◽

10.18821/0016-9900-2018-97-11-1046-52 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 97 (11) ◽

pp. 1046-1052 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nataliya A. Egorova ◽

N. V. Kuz ◽

O. O. Sinitsyna

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Green Algae ◽

River Flow ◽

Reproductive Function ◽

Anthropogenic Pollution ◽

Toxicity Assessment ◽

Water Bodies ◽

Laboratory Animals ◽

Hazard Class ◽

Blue Green Algae

Introduction. The growth of the anthropogenic pollution of water bodies and the regulation of river flow has led to an almost universal intensification of eutrophication of water bodies, which contributes to the mass development (“blooming “) in the summer cyanobacteria - blue-green algae. The main danger of “ blooming “ is the ability of cyanobacteria to produce toxins to adversely affect human health, among which hepatotoxin microcystin-LR takes the first place in prevalence and toxicity. To date, microcystin-LR in drinking water is regulated by WHO and 22 States, but in Russia, microcystin-LR in water is not standardized. The purpose of this work is to substantiate the MAC of microcystin-LR in water of water bodies and drinking water of the Russian Federation. Material and methods. The data of the world practice of the toxicity assessment of microcystin-LR, including the acute and chronic effects of microcystin-LR on animals and humans in natural conditions; the results of the study of acute, subacute and chronic toxic effects, effects on reproductive function, mutagenic, genotoxic and carcinogenic effects in experiments on laboratory animals were analyzed. The methodology of substantiation and harmonization of hygienic standards of substances in water was used. Results. Analysis of the information about the toxic effect of microcystin-LR, the experience of WHO and 22 countries on the regulation of its permissible content in water, as well as domestic experience of justification and harmonization of hygienic standards makes it possible to recommend the MAC microcystin-LR in water of water bodies and drinking water at the level of 0.001 mg/l marked “k” (carcinogen), 1st hazard class, limiting harmfulness index - sanitary-toxicological. Discussion. The results of the study showed that to justify the MAC of microcystin-LR in water, one index of harmfulness is sufficient - sanitary-toxicological, the study of the effect on organoleptic and general sanitary indices is not advisable because of the specific properties of the toxin. Conclusion. In the conditions of non-decreasing pollution of water bodies with cyanotoxins of blue-green algae, the introduction of MAC microcystin-LR will be important for the prevention of its adverse effects on public health.

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Freeze-Fracture Replication in the Ultrastructure of Blue-Green Algae

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100060386 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 25 ◽

pp. 74-75

Author(s):

L. V. Leak

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Electron Microscope ◽

Green Algae ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Freeze Fracture ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Photosynthetic Membranes ◽

Blue Green Algae ◽

Cell Biol ◽

Cellular Components

Electron microscopic observations of freeze-fracture replicas of Anabaena cells obtained by the procedures described by Bullivant and Ames (J. Cell Biol., 1966) indicate that the frozen cells are fractured in many different planes. This fracturing or cleaving along various planes allows one to gain a three dimensional relation of the cellular components as a result of such a manipulation. When replicas that are obtained by the freeze-fracture method are observed in the electron microscope, cross fractures of the cell wall and membranes that comprise the photosynthetic lamellae are apparent as demonstrated in Figures 1 & 2.A large portion of the Anabaena cell is composed of undulating layers of cytoplasm that are bounded by unit membranes that comprise the photosynthetic membranes. The adjoining layers of cytoplasm are closely apposed to each other to form the photosynthetic lamellae. Occassionally the adjacent layers of cytoplasm are separated by an interspace that may vary in widths of up to several 100 mu to form intralamellar vesicles.

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