scholarly journals Molecular Mechanisms of Oxidative Stress in Aging

2018 ◽  
pp. 61-64
Author(s):  
Olga Kal’dinova ◽  
Inna Desyatirkina ◽  
Galina Sroslova ◽  
Yuliya Zimina
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Free Radical Theory ◽  
Radical Theory ◽  
Oxidative Reactions ◽  
Theory Of Aging

The paper presents a brief overview of the problems in studying the aging under the influence of oxidative reactions in the Human body. The features of the free radical theory of aging were analyzed, the role of antioxidant enzymes was considered. Aging is a complex of processes and phenomena occurring in the Human body under the influence of various factors, the oxidative metabolism has an important role in this process. The study of the mechanisms of aging opens up the prospect of using this knowledge to find methods to prolong human life.

scholarly journals Effects of Caloric Restriction on Cardiac Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Bioenergetics: Potential Role of Cardiac Sirtuins

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Shinmura
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Free Radical Theory ◽  
Radical Theory ◽  
Stress Theory

The biology of aging has not been fully clarified, but the free radical theory of aging is one of the strongest aging theories proposed to date. The free radical theory has been expanded to the oxidative stress theory, in which mitochondria play a central role in the development of the aging process because of their critical roles in bioenergetics, oxidant production, and regulation of cell death. A decline in cardiac mitochondrial function associated with the accumulation of oxidative damage might be responsible, at least in part, for the decline in cardiac performance with age. In contrast, lifelong caloric restriction can attenuate functional decline with age, delay the onset of morbidity, and extend lifespan in various species. The effect of caloric restriction appears to be related to a reduction in cellular damage induced by reactive oxygen species. There is increasing evidence that sirtuins play an essential role in the reduction of mitochondrial oxidative stress during caloric restriction. We speculate that cardiac sirtuins attenuate the accumulation of oxidative damage associated with age by modifying specific mitochondrial proteins posttranscriptionally. Therefore, the distinct role of each sirtuin in the heart subjected to caloric restriction should be clarified to translate sirtuin biology into clinical practice.

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress and Longevity in Okinawa: An Investigation of Blood Lipid Peroxidation and Tocopherol in Okinawan Centenarians

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makoto Suzuki ◽  
D. Craig Willcox ◽  
Matthew W. Rosenbaum ◽  
Bradley J. Willcox
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Lipid Peroxide ◽  
Human Longevity ◽  
Free Radical Theory ◽  
Radical Theory ◽  
Theory Of Aging

Background. The Free Radical Theory of Aging mechanistically links oxidative stress to aging. Okinawa has among the world's longest-lived populations but oxidative stress in this population has not been well characterized.Methods. We compared plasma lipid peroxide (LPO) and vitamin E—plasma and intracellular tocopherol levels (total α, β, and γ), in centenarians with younger controls.Results. Both LPO and vitamin E tocopherols were lower in centenarians, with the exception of intracellular β-tocopherol, which was significantly higher in centenarians versus younger controls. There were no significant differences between age groups for tocopherol: cholesterol and tocopherol: LPO ratios. Correlations were found between α-Tocopherol and LPO in septuagenarians but not in centenarians.Conclusions. The low plasma level of LPO in Okinawan centenarians, compared to younger controls, argues for protection against oxidative stress in the centenarian population and is consistent with the predictions of the Free Radical Theory of Aging. However, the present work does not strongly support a role for vitamin E in this phenomenon. The role of intracellular β-tocopherol deserves additional study. More research is needed on the contribution of oxidative stress and antioxidants to human longevity.

scholarly journals The Role of Oxidative Stress in Cardiovascular Aging and Cardiovascular Diseases

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Carmine Izzo ◽  
Paolo Vitillo ◽  
Paola Di Pietro ◽  
Valeria Visco ◽  
Andrea Strianese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Stress Theory ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Theory Of Aging ◽  
Cardiovascular Aging ◽  
Primary Risk Factor ◽  
Structure And Functions

Aging can be seen as process characterized by accumulation of oxidative stress induced damage. Oxidative stress derives from different endogenous and exogenous processes, all of which ultimately lead to progressive loss in tissue and organ structure and functions. The oxidative stress theory of aging expresses itself in age-related diseases. Aging is in fact a primary risk factor for many diseases and in particular for cardiovascular diseases and its derived morbidity and mortality. Here we highlight the role of oxidative stress in age-related cardiovascular aging and diseases. We take into consideration the molecular mechanisms, the structural and functional alterations, and the diseases accompanied to the cardiovascular aging process.

scholarly journals MicroRNA Regulation of Oxidative Stress-Induced Cellular Senescence

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huaije Bu ◽  
Sophia Wedel ◽  
Maria Cavinato ◽  
Pidder Jansen-Dürr
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cellular Senescence ◽  
Cellular Tissue ◽  
Free Radical Theory ◽  
Radical Theory ◽  
Microrna Regulation ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Epigenetic Events ◽  
Permanent Cell ◽  
Theory Of Aging

Aging is a time-related process of functional deterioration at cellular, tissue, organelle, and organismal level that ultimately brings life to end. Cellular senescence, a state of permanent cell growth arrest in response to cellular stress, is believed to be the driver of the aging process and age-related disorders. The free radical theory of aging, referred to as oxidative stress (OS) theory below, is one of the most studied aging promoting mechanisms. In addition, genetics and epigenetics also play large roles in accelerating and/or delaying the onset of aging and aging-related diseases. Among various epigenetic events, microRNAs (miRNAs) turned out to be important players in controlling OS, aging, and cellular senescence. miRNAs can generate rapid and reversible responses and, therefore, are ideal players for mediating an adaptive response against stress through their capacity to fine-tune gene expression. However, the importance of miRNAs in regulating OS in the context of aging and cellular senescence is largely unknown. The purpose of our article is to highlight recent advancements in the regulatory role of miRNAs in OS-induced cellular senescence.

scholarly journals Molecular mechanism of mice gastric oxidative damage induced by nanoparticulate titanium dioxide

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianhui Ji ◽  
Yingjun Zhou ◽  
Fashui Hong ◽  
Yuguan Ze ◽  
Dongxue Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Intragastric Administration ◽  
Nano Tio2 ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Atp Production ◽  
Cyt C

Abstract Background Nanoparticulate titanium dioxide (Nano-TiO2) has been widely used in food industry, and it has been demonstrated to have adverse effects on mice and human stomach, but its mechanism is rarely concerned. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of nano-TiO2 on the stomach and confirm the role of oxidative stress and apoptosis in the mice gastric damage caused by nano-TiO2, as well as its molecular mechanisms. Methods Mice were continuously exposed to nano-TiO2 with 1.25, 2.5 and 5 mg/kg bw by intragastric administration for 9 months in the present study. The ultrastructure, levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and peroxides, activities of antioxidant enzymes and mitochondria-related enzymes, ATP contents as well as apoptosis-related factors expression in mice stomach were examined. Results Oxidative stress, apoptosis and nano-TiO2 aggregation were found in gastric mucosal smooth muscle cells after nano-TiO2 exposure. Nano-TiO2 exposure also resulted in the over-production of ROS and peroxides, decrease of ATP production and activities of antioxidant enzymes and mitochondria-related ATPases, upregulation of apoptosis-related factors including γH2AX, Cyt c, caspase 3, and p-JNK expression, and down-regulation of Bcl-2 expression in mice stomach. Conclusions The gastric toxicity of mice induced by chronic exposure to low dose nano-TiO2 may be associated with oxidative stress and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in mice.

scholarly journals The role of selenium in cardiology

Kardiologiia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 96-104
Author(s):  
T. A. Kuropatkina ◽  
N. A. Medvedeva ◽  
O. S. Medvedev
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Vascular Injury ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Cell Injury ◽  
The Body ◽  
Selenium Status

Selenium is an important micronutrient that is essential for the functioning of the human body. Being a component of the active center of several antioxidant enzymes selenium prevents cell injury by free radicals. Decline in selenium-containing enzymes results in progression of oxidative stress and chronic inflammation, which are considered as possible causes for the development of many cardiovascular diseases. This review focuses on mechanisms for prevention of myocardial and vascular injury through the adequate selenium supply to the body. The importance of monitoring and correction of the selenium status in appropriate patients is underlined.

scholarly journals Recent Review on Oxidative stress, Cellular senescence and Age-Associated Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 1331-1342
Author(s):  
Nandita H ◽  
Manohar M ◽  
Gowda DV
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cellular Senescence ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Free Radical Theory ◽  
Radical Theory ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Theory Of Aging ◽  
Main Factor

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) is considered as the main factor of the Free Radical theory of aging over centuries and it indicates the pathophysiology of aging in mammals. ROS causes oxidative stress, which is a major component in the aging process of higher organisms. ROS also leads to many age-related diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, etc. ROS causes damage to most of the biological membranes that cause these chronic diseases. Enhanced ROS levels at the cellular level lead to cellular senescence. It is a stage of cells where growth arrest happens associated with the secretion of Senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors. Senescence maintains tissue homeostasis, functions in normal development and restricts tumor development. In this regard, recent experimental evidence has shown that the genetic or pharmacological ablation of senescent cells extends the life span and improves the healthspan. Here, we review the cellular and molecular links between cellular senescence and aging and discuss the novel therapeutic avenues that this connection opens.

scholarly journals OXIDATIVE STRESS IN AGING

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-22
Author(s):  
Н. К. Зенков ◽  
П. М. Кожин ◽  
А. В. Чечушков ◽  
Н. В. Кандалинцева ◽  
Г. Г. Мартинович ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Redox Balance ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Free Radical Theory ◽  
Radical Theory ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Theory Of Aging ◽  
Autophagy Activity ◽  
Important System

Выдвинутая более 50 лет назад Д. Харманом свободнорадикальная теория старения остается популярной и сегодня. В обзоре проведен анализ возрастных изменений основных эндогенных механизмов продукции активированных кислородных метаболитов (АКМ) и механизмов антиоксидантной защиты. С возрастом генерация АКМ митохондриями, пероксисомами и NAD(P) H -оксидазами усиливается, в то время как транскрипционная активность важной системы поддержания редокс-баланса Keap 1/ Nrf 2/ ARE уменьшается. У старых животных отмечается также низкая активность аутофагии, удаляющей из клеток поврежденные органеллы и агрегированные структуры. Возрастное смещение редокс-баланса в сторону окислительного стресса может являться причиной развития возраст-ассоциированных нейрогеденеративных, аутоиммунных и воспалительных патологий. The free-radical theory of aging, advanced more than 50 years ago by D. Harman, remains popular today. The review analyzes age-related changes in the main endogenous mechanisms of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and antioxidant defense mechanisms. With age, ROS generation by mitochondria, peroxisomes, and NAD(P)H oxidases is enhanced, while the transcriptional activity of the important system Keap 1/ Nrf 2/ ARE maintaining redox balance decreases. In old animals, autophagy activity is also low, which removes damaged organelles and aggregated structures from cells. The age-related shift of the redox balance towards oxidative stress can cause the development of age-associated neurodegenerative, autoimmune and infl ammatory pathologies.

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