scholarly journals RHEUMATIC DISEASES AND ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Varvara L. Мarchuk ◽  
Nickolai V. Sobotyuk ◽  
Sergei V. Bochantsev
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors ◽  
Invasive Techniques ◽  
Atherosclerotic Changes

The review analyzes the role of chronic inflammatory diseases in the induction of endothelial dysfunction as a factor in the acceleration of atherosclerotic changes in the cardiovascular system. The importance of non-invasive techniques for evaluating endothelial dysfunction to detect preclinical atherosclerotic changes in children and adolescents with rheumatic was discussed. It is postulated that the detection of early signs of endothelial dysfunction in children and adolescents with rheumatic diseases, along with traditional risk factors, should become an integral part of the strategy for preventing adverse cardiovascular events in subsequent age periods.

scholarly journals Vascular Function and Inflammation in Rheumatoid Arthritis: the Role of Physical Activity

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
George S. Metsios ◽  
Antonios Stavropoulos Kalinoglou ◽  
Aamer Sandoo ◽  
Jet J.C.S. Veldhuijzen van Zanten ◽  
Tracey E. Toms ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Invasive Techniques

Inflammation disturbs biochemical pathways involved in homeostasis of the endothelium. Research has established clear links between inflammatory mediators, particularly C-reactive protein and tumour necrosis factor alpha, endothelial dysfunction, and atherosclerosis. Endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis may be subclinical at early stages, and thus the ability to detect them with non-invasive techniques is crucially important, particularly in populations at increased risk for cardiovascular disease, such as those with rheumatoid arthritis. This may allow the identification of interventions that may reverse these processes early on. One of the best non-pharmacological interventions that may achieve this is physical activity. This review explores the associations between inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and atherosclerosis and discusses the role of exercise in blocking specific pathways in the inflammation, endothelial dysfunction - atherosclerosis network.

scholarly journals Clinical significance and prospects of using ST2 in isсhemic heart failure patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-97
Author(s):  
E. V. Grakova ◽  
K. V. Kopeva ◽  
A. T. Teplyakov ◽  
A. V. Svarovskaya ◽  
O. N. Ogurkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Chronic Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Roc Analysis ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors ◽  
Group 1

Objective: The objective of this study is to assess the role of soluble ST2 (sST2) in developing adverse cardiovascular events (ACE) and fatal outcomes in patients with chronic heart failure (HF) during 18 [12.5; 35.5]-month follow-up period.Results. Depending on the median of baseline sST2 levels, all patients were retrospectively divided into two groups: group 1 enrolled patients with sST2 levels < 31.5 ng/mL (n = 22); and group 2 comprised patients with sST2 levels ≥ 31.5 ng/mL (n = 26). In group 1, the sST2 levels were 27.27 [23.94; 29.23] ng/mL, which was 33.9% higher (p < 0.0000001) than in group 2 (41.28 [34.86; 50.17] ng/mL). ACEs were registered in 9 cases (40.9%) in group 1 and in 17 cases (65.4%) in group 2 (p = 0.025). Based on ROC-analysis, baseline ST2 levels ≥ 33.53 ng/mL were considered a biomarker to predict an unfavorable course of ischemic heart failure during 18 [12.5; 35.5] months of follow-up period with sensitivity of 78.9% and specificity of 62.2% (AUC 0.719; 95% CI 0.562–0.845; p = 0.0059).Conclusion. The baseline sST2 levels may be considered a non-invasive biomarker allowing to predict the development of adverse cardiovascular events (ACE) and fatal outcomes in patients with chronic heart failure (HF) during 18 [12.5; 35.5] months of follow-up in addition to traditional risk factors.

CT scan and 3D reconstructions of Pre-Dynastic child mummy 527 B* (Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography of Turin)

1970 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaella Bianucci ◽  
Rosa Boano ◽  
Gino Carnazza ◽  
Rudy Lallo ◽  
Grazia Mattutino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Spiral Ct ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Age At Death ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Thin Slices ◽  
Invasive Techniques ◽  
The University ◽  
Reconstruction Interval

Mummy 527 B* belongs to the “Giovanni Marro” Egyptian Collection of the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography of the University of Turin. This mummy of a oneyear- old pre-dynastic child was found in Gebelein in 1935 in a small necropolis discovered during excavations of the “Missione Archeologica Italiana” led by G. Farina, the new Director of the Egyptian Museum of Turin, with the participation of Prof. G. Marro as anthropologist. A whole body spiral CT scan with thin slices (1,00 mm thickness, 0,5 mm reconstruction interval) was followed by multiplanar and 3D reconstruction. The aim was to evaluate the child’s age at death and the presence of lethal pathologies. This study confirms the fundamental role of non-invasive techniques in the study of such rare pre-dynastic specimens.

scholarly journals Role of transvaginal sonography in various gynecological disorders

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 3138
Author(s):  
Pooja J. Mise ◽  
Sangamesh J. Mise ◽  
Aditya Mise ◽  
Margol Siddappa
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Diagnostic Technique ◽  
Abdominal Hysterectomy ◽  
Transvaginal Sonography ◽  
Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Gynecological Disorders ◽  
Dilatation And Curettage

Background: Transvaginal sonography (TVS) is a new diagnostic technique used for the evaluation of the female pelvis. The objective of the present study was to study the role of TVS and to assess the diagnostic accuracy in gynecological disorders.Methods: Total number of 100 patients attending OPDs with various complaints was selected by random technique of the study.  All the patients have informed consent and thorough clinical examination including general, systemic and pelvic examination was conducted after taking a detailed history then the patients underwent TVS followed by one of the procedures like fractional curettage, dilatation and curettage and abdominal hysterectomy (with or without conservation of ovaries) or conservative management with regular follow up.Results: The sensitivity of TVS in diagnosing dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) and pelvic inflammatory diseases (PID) was 100% and specificity was 85.1% and 95% respectively. For fibroids and ovarian mass diagnosis, sensitivity was 68.9% and 80.9% respectively and specificity was 100%. Diagnostic accuracy of clinical diagnosis was 70.0% whereas TVS had 94.0% of diagnostic accuracy in diagnosing various gynecological disorders.Conclusions: The final outcome is that TVS examination is an important non-invasive investigation, can be used as important diagnostic method in various gynecological disorders as it has got a high diagnostic accuracy.

scholarly journals The Role of IL-1βin the Bone Loss during Rheumatic Diseases

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piero Ruscitti ◽  
Paola Cipriani ◽  
Francesco Carubbi ◽  
Vasiliki Liakouli ◽  
Francesca Zazzeroni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
Nuclear Factor Kappa B ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Receptor Activator ◽  
Main Factor

Several inflammatory diseases have been associated with increased bone resorption and fracture rates and different studies supported the relation between inflammatory cytokines and osteoclast activity. The main factor required for osteoclast activation is the stimulation by receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) expressed on osteoblasts. In this context, interleukin- (IL-) 1β, one of the most powerful proinflammatory cytokines, is a strong stimulator of in vitro and in vivo bone resorption via upregulation of RANKL that stimulates the osteoclastogenesis. The resulting effects lead to an imbalance in bone metabolism favouring bone resorption and osteoporosis. In this paper, we review the available literature on the role of IL-1βin the pathogenesis of bone loss. Furthermore, we analysed the role of IL-1βin bone resorption during rheumatic diseases and, when available, we reported the efficacy of anti-IL-1βtherapy in this field.

scholarly journals The role of anatomical connection strength for interareal communication in macaque cortex

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Vezoli ◽  
Martin Vinck ◽  
Conrado A. Bosman ◽  
Andre M. Bastos ◽  
Christopher M Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Connection Strength ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Large Scale Networks ◽  
Invasive Techniques ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Anatomical Connection

What is the relationship between anatomical connection strength and rhythmic synchronization? Simultaneous recordings of 15 cortical areas in two macaque monkeys show that interareal networks are functionally organized in spatially distinct modules with specific synchronization frequencies, i.e. frequency-specific functional connectomes. We relate the functional interactions between 91 area pairs to their anatomical connection strength defined in a separate cohort of twenty six subjects. This reveals that anatomical connection strength predicts rhythmic synchronization and vice-versa, in a manner that is specific for frequency bands and for the feedforward versus feedback direction, even if interareal distances are taken into account. These results further our understanding of structure-function relationships in large-scale networks covering different modality-specific brain regions and provide strong constraints on mechanistic models of brain function. Because this approach can be adapted to non-invasive techniques, it promises to open new perspectives on the functional organization of the human brain.

scholarly journals Subclinical atherosclerosis diagnostics as a component of a modern strategy for cardiovascular risk stratification

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. O. Katamadze ◽  
L. L. Berstein ◽  
Yu. N. Grishkin
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Subclinical Atherosclerosis ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Extracranial Carotid Artery ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors ◽  
Prevention Of Atherosclerosis ◽  
Atherosclerotic Changes ◽  
Preclinical Atherosclerosis

Cardiovascular risk (CVR) stratification plays an important role in the primary prevention of atherosclerosis and associated disorders. The standard scales for CVR assessment (Framingham scale, SCORE scale, etc.) are focused on a limited number of traditional risk factors (RFs) and, therefore, neither produce precise individual risk estimates, nor increase the effectiveness of preventive interventions. One of the methods for CVR assessment optimisation is the diagnostics of subclinical atherosclerosis, based on the direct visualisation of preclinical atherosclerotic changes in arterial wall. Extracranial carotid artery (CA) ultrasound and assessment of the intima-media thickness (IMT) index or atherosclerotic plaque volume (PV) is an important method of the preclinical atherosclerosis diagnostics. The review discusses pathogenetic mechanisms of IMT increase, the standards of ultrasound IMT assessment and its interpretation, and the role of the information obtained for optimization of the CVR evaluation.

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