scholarly journals Extraneural Metastasis of Ependymoma in Children: A Clinical Case

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 480-489
Author(s):  
Liudmila V. Olkhova ◽  
Olga G. Zheludkova ◽  
Vladimir E. Popov ◽  
Alexey N. Kislyakov ◽  
Timur M. Basalay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Posterior Cranial Fossa ◽  
Anaplastic Ependymoma ◽  
Extraneural Metastasis ◽  
Complex Therapy ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Cranial Fossa ◽  
Unfavourable Prognosis

Background. Ependymomas are a group of glial tumours, usually occurring in the posterior cranial fossa, less often — in the lateral ventricles and spinal cord. Most often, the recurrence of ependymomas occurs in primary sites, or in the central nervous system (CNS). Ependymoma metastasis beyond the craniospinal system occurs rarely if ever.Description of a Clinical Case. A clinical example of extraneural metastasis to the bones and bone marrow in a 10-year-old patient with supratentorial anaplastic ependymoma after complex therapy has been presented. A review of published cases of the development of extraneural ependymoma metastasis in children has been presented. An attempt was made to consider possible risk factors for their development. Conclusion. Ependymal tumours are capable of extraneural metastasis to the bone and hematopoietic systems. Continued growth and metastasis lead to extremely unfavourable prognosis for the disease.

Subclassification of Anencephalic Human Fetuses According to Morphology of the Posterior Cranial Fossa

2004 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 601-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Fog Lomholt ◽  
Birgit Fischer-Hansen ◽  
Jean W. Keeling ◽  
Ingermarie Reintoft ◽  
Inger Kjær
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Posterior Cranial Fossa ◽  
Cranial Morphology ◽  
Bony Tissue ◽  
Cranial Development ◽  
Future Assessment ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Cranial Fossa ◽  
Base Of The Skull

Anencephaly is a designation for congenital absence of the cranial vault with cerebral hemispheres completely missing or decreased to small masses attached to the base of the skull. The etiology is unknown. Whether the bony tissue or soft brain tissue is a primary factor is also unknown. The present study has focused on the posterior cranial fossa in anencephaly. The goal is to determine whether differences in the posterior cranial fossa could provide a basis for subclassification of anencephalic fetal skeletons. Twenty-three human anencephalic fetuses, at gestational ages 13 to 22 weeks, were studied. Radiologic and cephalometric analyses, including measurements of bone sizes and different angles, were performed. Permission for autopsy of the central nervous system was not available. For comparison of anencephalic findings with normal conditions, standards from a recent publication were used. Foot length served as a parameter for age comparison. The study showed 2 morphologic types of the posterior cranial fossa. One type had a fossa cranial morphology close to normal morphology, whereas the other had a malformed and much smaller posterior cranial fossa. The latter condition was presumed to be due to a primary error in chondral and cranial development. The current skeletal subgrouping might be essential for clinicians' or pathologists' future assessment of the autopsy results. The skeletal subgrouping should, if possible, be associated with karyotyping and analysis of the central nervous system. The goal is to distinguish between congenital conditions resulting in anencephaly and acquired conditions resulting in anencephaly.

scholarly journals Intradural spinal neurocysticercosis: case illustration

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 530-535
Author(s):  
Jorge Balderrama ◽  
Dania Elizabeth Trinidad Arevalo ◽  
Willem Guillermo Calderon-Mirada ◽  
Andrei F. Joaquim ◽  
Alfonso Pacheco-Hernandez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Clonic Convulsion ◽  
Recurrent Headache ◽  
Spatial Disorientation ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Abstract Introduction: Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is a common parasitic infection of the central nervous system caused by the larvae of the Taenia solium. Spinal cord involvement is very uncommon. Clinical case: A female patient with a history of NCC presented with chronic and recurrent headache associated with motor and sensory deficit, which develops tonic-clonic convulsion, with spatial disorientation. She also had intracranial hypertension syndrome, meningitis syndrome, and pyramidal sygns suggestive of spinal NCC. Conclusions: Neurocysticercosis usually occurs in developing countries and should be considered as a differential diagnosis of neurological diseases. Early diagnosis and treatment are mandatory, as well as education to the community to primary prevention.

scholarly journals A biphasic tumor in posterior cranial fossa and the pineal region in young adult

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Fadi Almahariq ◽  
Marina Raguz ◽  
Dominik Romic ◽  
Domagoj Dlaka ◽  
Darko Oreskovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Pineal Region ◽  
Posterior Cranial Fossa ◽  
Molecular Events ◽  
History Of ◽  
Minor Part ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Cranial Fossa ◽  
Different Tissues

Background: Biphasic tumors of the central nervous system are rarely described and mainly consisted out of the glial and mesenchymal component. The tumor originated out of both astrocytes and pinealocytes, best to our knowledge, has not been described. We present a case of a brain tumor consisted out of pilocytic astrocytoma (PA) and pineocytoma as components situated in the pineal region and posterior cranial fossa in young adult. Case Description: We present a 21-year-old patient with a history of intermittent headache, followed by nausea and vomiting, double vision, and dextropulsion. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an extensive cystic-solid expansive formation in the posterior cranial fossa with a solid part in the area of the pineal gland. The patient underwent surgical resection. The pathohistological analysis showed two types of tumor cells; the major part of tumor showed features of PA, while minor part corresponded to pineocytoma. Conclusion: PA accounts for 5% of all gliomas and is most common in children and young adults. It usually occurs in the cerebellum, the optic pathway, third ventricular region, etc. Pineocytomas are rare, accounting up to 1% of all intracranial tumors. Since tumors origin is different, there must be complex molecular events or mutations that can lead to cell rearrangements and generation of two histologically different tissues in the same tumor mass. The course of treatment options is different for PA and pineocytoma; therefore, the case of brain mass consisted out of two different tissues can be helpful when deciding about the treatment of tumors in posterior cranial fossa and pineal region.

scholarly journals Posterior Cranial Fossa Meningioma Causing Tonsillar Herniation and Giant Cervicothoracic Syringomyelia, Case Report and Review of Literature

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estelle Anne How Hong ◽  
Shalid Ahmed ◽  
Srihari Deepak ◽  
Gueorgui Kounin
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Posterior Fossa ◽  
Foramen Magnum ◽  
Posterior Cranial Fossa ◽  
Tonsillar Herniation ◽  
Ataxic Gait ◽  
Complete Excision ◽  
Arnold Chiari Malformation ◽  
Posterior Cranial Fossa Tumours ◽  
Cranial Fossa

Abstract Background Syringomyelia is a fluid-filled cyst within the spinal cord and usually associated with Arnold-Chiari malformation. Posterior cranial fossa tumours are a rare cause of tonsillar herniation and secondary syringomyelia. Case Presentation: We report a rare case of a 56-year-old female with posterior cranial meningioma and secondary syringomyelia, admitted with headache, nausea, vomiting, and ataxic gait. MRI demonstrated a large posterior fossa lesion causing early ventriculomegaly and syrinx within the upper spinal cord extending from the hindbrain inferiorly to the level of T8. She underwent a posterior fossa craniectomy with left C1 hemilaminectomy and complete excision of the tumour. In 6 months following her procedure, MRI scan showed a significant reduction in the calibre of the syringomyelia throughout its length and there was a significant improvement in symptoms. Literature review: A PubMed literature search was carried out with keywords: “syringomyelia”, “posterior fossa” and “tumour”. 120 articles were reviewed. The inclusion criteria for this study was posterior fossa meningioma causing syrinx formation. A total of 9 isolated similar cases were identified. Discussion Tonsillar herniation and syringomyelia secondary to posterior cranial fossa meningioma are rare. The alteration in the dynamic flow of CSF is likely to be the cause for the formation and enlargement of the syrinx. Conclusion Although the pathophysiology of syrinx formation is still poorly understood, the alteration of CSF dynamic has been implicated, but a common unifying cause appears to be increased transcranial difference in intracranial pressure across the foramen magnum causing tonsillar herniation, irrespective of location in the posterior fossa. Posterior fossa craniotomy and excision of the lesion is the mainstay treatment.

An epithelial cyst in the cerebellopontine angle

1991 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suet Yi Leung ◽  
Thomas H. K. Ng ◽  
C. F. Fung ◽  
Y. W. Fan
Keyword(s):  
Cerebellopontine Angle ◽  
Posterior Cranial Fossa ◽  
Epithelial Cyst ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Epithelial Cysts ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Cranial Fossa ◽  
Endodermal Origin

✓ A case of a benign epithelial cyst in the posterior cranial fossa is described. It had the unique histological feature of a double-layered cuboidal epithelial lining. Detailed immunohistochemical and electron microscopic studies supported an endodermal origin. The differential diagnosis and the histogenesis of epithelial cysts in the central nervous System are discussed.

scholarly journals Small volume of the posterior cranial fossa and arterial hypertension are risk factors of hemifacial spasm

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 383-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Rudzińska ◽  
Magdalena Wójcik-Pędziwiatr ◽  
Michalina Malec ◽  
Natalia Grabska ◽  
Marcin Hartel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Hemifacial Spasm ◽  
Small Volume ◽  
Posterior Cranial Fossa ◽  
Cranial Fossa

Central Nerve System Impairment, AMA Guides, Sixth Edition: An Overview

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-13
Author(s):  
James B. Talmage ◽  
Jay Blaisdell
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurological Impairment ◽  
Sixth Edition ◽  
Central Nerve System ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The One ◽  
Nerve System ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Injuries that affect the central nervous system (CNS) can be catastrophic because they involve the brain or spinal cord, and determining the underlying clinical cause of impairment is essential in using the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), in part because the AMA Guides addresses neurological impairment in several chapters. Unlike the musculoskeletal chapters, Chapter 13, The Central and Peripheral Nervous System, does not use grades, grade modifiers, and a net adjustment formula; rather the chapter uses an approach that is similar to that in prior editions of the AMA Guides. The following steps can be used to perform a CNS rating: 1) evaluate all four major categories of cerebral impairment, and choose the one that is most severe; 2) rate the single most severe cerebral impairment of the four major categories; 3) rate all other impairments that are due to neurogenic problems; and 4) combine the rating of the single most severe category of cerebral impairment with the ratings of all other impairments. Because some neurological dysfunctions are rated elsewhere in the AMA Guides, Sixth Edition, the evaluator may consult Table 13-1 to verify the appropriate chapter to use.

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