scholarly journals Accurate Age Estimations from Dental Cementum and A Childbirth Indicator - A Pilot Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Ristova MM ◽  
Talevska M ◽  
Stojanovska Z
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Age Estimation ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Dental Cementum ◽  
Sem Image ◽  
Incremental Lines

This work is a pilot study that introduces an improved method for estimation of a chronological age of a human being using the incremental lines in a dental cementum. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images of longitudinal sections of the tooth roots were subject to SEM analysis. The protocol allows accurate age estimation even if the SEM images reveal a limited number of distinct incremental lines. Micrographs were analyzed with a calibrated thickness measuring tool, such as ImageJ. The study was based on fifteen freshly extracted teeth from adult males and females of a known age. An average cementum thickness (C) and average incremental line thickness (IL) was calculated for each chosen perpendicular level of the tooth root from the SEM image. The number of the incremental lines (nIL) was calculated from the ratio of the mean C and IL, averaged across all levels. Finally, the estimated age is presented as a mean age from the data measured. The proposed protocol for age estimation represents a highly accurate (95%), repeatable and reliable tool for estimation of the chronological age of an individual, using one single SEM scan. Also, from a single case study, we report that an anomalously thick incremental line occurred at the time position which could be related to a childbirth of that female individual. The method can serve forensic purposes.

Two new oro-cervical radiographic indexes for chronological age estimation: A pilot study on an Italian population

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 861-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Lajolo ◽  
Michele Giuliani ◽  
Massimo Cordaro ◽  
Luca Marigo ◽  
Antonio Marcelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Age Estimation ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Italian Population

SEM Analysis of Non-Conducting Materials under Low Vacuum Conditions

2010 ◽  
Vol 152-153 ◽  
pp. 897-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Gang Wang ◽  
Ke Gao Liu ◽  
Min Jing ◽  
Bo Pang
Keyword(s):  
Spot Size ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Incident Electron ◽  
Beam Spot ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Atmosphere Pressure ◽  
Sem Image ◽  
Beam Spot Size ◽  
Eds Analysis ◽  
Conducting Materials

The surface morphology of the non-conducting granular materials was analysis by SEM under low vacuum conditions. The effects of the incident electron voltage, electronic beam spot size and atmosphere pressure on the SEM image quality and EDX analysis were investigated systematically. The results show that the quality and the resolution of the SEM images both reduce with the increase of the incident electron voltage, the electronic beam spot size and the atmosphere pressure; the errors of the EDS analysis decrease when measured under low vacuum conditions.

Incremental lines of dental cementum in biological age estimation

HOMO ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Jankauskas ◽  
S. Barakauskas ◽  
R. Bojarun
Keyword(s):  
Age Estimation ◽  
Biological Age ◽  
Dental Cementum ◽  
Incremental Lines

A Pilot Study of Early Storybook Reading With Babies With Hearing Loss

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 3397-3412
Author(s):  
Michelle I. Brown ◽  
David Trembath ◽  
Marleen F. Westerveld ◽  
Gail T. Gillon
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Eye Contact ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Storybook Reading ◽  
Book Selection ◽  
Turn Taking ◽  
Parent Child

Purpose This pilot study explored the effectiveness of an early storybook reading (ESR) intervention for parents with babies with hearing loss (HL) for improving (a) parents' book selection skills, (b) parent–child eye contact, and (c) parent–child turn-taking. Advancing research into ESR, this study examined whether the benefits from an ESR intervention reported for babies without HL were also observed in babies with HL. Method Four mother–baby dyads participated in a multiple baseline single-case experimental design across behaviors. Treatment effects for parents' book selection skills, parent–child eye contact, and parent–child turn-taking were examined using visual analysis and Tau-U analysis. Results Statistically significant increases, with large to very large effect sizes, were observed for all 4 participants for parent–child eye contact and parent–child turn-taking. Limited improvements with ceiling effects were observed for parents' book selection skills. Conclusion The findings provide preliminary evidence for the effectiveness of an ESR intervention for babies with HL for promoting parent–child interactions through eye contact and turn-taking.

COMPARISION OF DENTAL SCORING SYSTEM WITH RADIOGRAPHIC SKELETAL SYSTEM IN AGE ESTIMATION

JKCD ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-11
Author(s):  
Sadaf Ambreen
Keyword(s):  
Age Estimation ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Skeletal Age ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Dental Age ◽  
Scoring Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Male Subjects

Objectives: To compare Demirjian Dental scoring method with Greulich-Pyle (GP) Skeletal method of age estimation in pubertal children. Materials and Methods: Sample of the study included 267 male healthy subjects of 11-16 years of age group.. Demirjian Scoring system was utilized to evaluate the orthopantomograms to assess their Dental age and the Hand-Wrist radiographs were analyzed to calculate the skeletal age by utilizing GP atlas. Chronological age was obtained from the date of birth of the subject .Both methods were compared with one another and with the chronological age. It was a cross-sectional study and only healthy male subjects without any clinical abnormalities were included in the study. Results: A total of 267 male subjects of 11-16 years of age group were assessed by Demirjian and Greulich Pyle Methods. Both were compared with Chronological Age. Data obtained was statistically analyzed and the Student “t” test was applied in the study population. The mean difference between Chronolgical age and dental age was 0.69years and that of chronological age and skeletal age was 0.87 years. It was observed from dental age assessment that it does not differ much from the skeletal age. Conclusion: It was concluded that Demirjian method of Age Estimation is more precise than Greulich Pyle method of Age Estimation. Furthermore both methods can be used selectively in Medicolegal cases to access bone age which can be easily correlated to chronological age.

scholarly journals A Novel Ground Metric for Optimal Transport-Based Chronological Age Estimation

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Ali Akbari ◽  
Muhammad Awais ◽  
Soroush Fatemifar ◽  
Syed Safwan Khalid ◽  
Josef Kittler
Keyword(s):  
Age Estimation ◽  
Optimal Transport ◽  
Chronological Age

scholarly journals Relating Reactive and Proactive Aggression to Trait Driving Anger in Young and Adult Males: A Pilot Study Using Explicit and Implicit Measures

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1850
Author(s):  
Veerle Ross ◽  
Nora Reinolsmann ◽  
Jill Lobbestael ◽  
Chantal Timmermans ◽  
Tom Brijs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Proactive Aggression ◽  
Implicit Measures ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Driving Anger ◽  
Reactive And Proactive Aggression

Driving anger and aggressive driving are main contributors to crashes, especially among young males. Trait driving anger is context-specific and unique from other forms of anger. It is necessary to understand the mechanisms of trait driving anger to develop targeted interventions. Although literature conceptually distinguished reactive and proactive aggression, this distinction is uncommon in driving research. Similar, cognitive biases related to driving anger, measured by a combination of explicit and implicit measures, received little attention. This pilot study related explicit and implicit measures associated with reactive and proactive aggression to trait driving anger, while considering age. The sample consisted of 42 male drivers. The implicit measures included a self-aggression association (i.e., Single-Target Implicit Association Test) and an attentional aggression bias (i.e., Emotional Stroop Task). Reactive aggression related positively with trait driving anger. Moreover, a self-aggression association negatively related to trait driving anger. Finally, an interaction effect for age suggested that only in young male drivers, higher proactive aggression related to lower trait driving anger. These preliminary results motivate further attention to the combination of explicit and implicit measures related to reactive and proactive aggression in trait driving anger research.

scholarly journals Creatine Supplementation for Patients with Inflammatory Bowl Diseases: A Scientific Rationale for a Clinical Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1429
Author(s):  
Theo Wallimann ◽  
Caroline H. T. Hall ◽  
Sean P. Colgan ◽  
Louise E. Glover
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Creatine Supplementation

Based on theoretical considerations, experimental data with cells in vitro, animal studies in vivo, as well as a single case pilot study with one colitis patient, a consolidated hypothesis can be put forward, stating that “oral supplementation with creatine monohydrate (Cr), a pleiotropic cellular energy precursor, is likely to be effective in inducing a favorable response and/or remission in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), like ulcerative colitis and/or Crohn’s disease”. A current pilot clinical trial that incorporates the use of oral Cr at a dose of 2 × 7 g per day, over an initial period of 2 months in conjunction with ongoing therapies (NCT02463305) will be informative for the proposed larger, more long-term Cr supplementation study of 2 × 3–5 g of Cr per day for a time of 3–6 months. This strategy should be insightful to the potential for Cr in reducing or alleviating the symptoms of IBD. Supplementation with chemically pure Cr, a natural nutritional supplement, is well tolerated not only by healthy subjects, but also by patients with diverse neuromuscular diseases. If the outcome of such a clinical pilot study with Cr as monotherapy or in conjunction with metformin were positive, oral Cr supplementation could then be used in the future as potentially useful adjuvant therapeutic intervention for patients with IBD, preferably together with standard medication used for treating patients with chronic ulcerative colitis and/or Crohn’s disease.

Graphene Oxide as a Substrate for Biosensors: Synthesis and Characterization

2021 ◽  
Vol 324 ◽  
pp. 87-93
Author(s):  
Mohamed Adel ◽  
Abdel Hady A. Abdel-Wahab ◽  
Ahmed Abdel-Mawgood ◽  
Ahmed Osman Egiza
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Acidic Solution ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Visible Spectroscopy ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Hummers Method ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Modified Hummers Method

Graphene oxide (GO) is an oxidized nanosheets of graphite with a 2D planar structure. GO could be readily complexed with bio-entities as it possesses many oxygen-containing functionalities on its surface. The preparation process is fast, easy, and cost-effective. It was prepared using modified Hummers’ method in acidic solution as a primary solvent and potassium permanganate as an oxidizing agent. Afterwards, it was successfully characterized by FTIR, UV-visible spectroscopy, as well as XRD and Raman spectroscopy, and finally, SEM analysis. It was observed that the formed GO is mainly composed of carbon and oxygen elements rich in oxygen functional groups. Furthermore, the existence of (001) plane in XRD interprets the complete oxidation of graphite with d-spacing 9 Å. Moreover, Raman spectroscopy displayed the sp3 carbon hybridization, besides, the ID/IG ratio is found to be 0.84, which confirms the disorder between graphene oxide layers. The SEM images also pointed out that graphene oxide sheets were regularly stacked together as flake-like structures. Accordingly, the richness of oxygen-containing functionalities was confirmed. Hence, it is appropriate to be used as a base transducer for biosensing applications.

Research of Coal Pores and Integrity Evaluation Method Based on Fractal Theory

2014 ◽  
Vol 670-671 ◽  
pp. 258-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Li ◽  
Xin Wu
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Coal Sample ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Gas Adsorption ◽  
Fractal Theory ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Box Dimension ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Sem Image

Coal is a natural porous media, its porosity and structural integrity influenced the gas adsorption and desorption characteristics greatly, as well as physical and mechanical properties of coal. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is applied to acquire SEM image of four kinds of coal samples at different zoom levels, and the box dimension can be worked out based on the pore preprocessing of SEM images. Then, the numerical value of box dimension is used to describe the development degree of the four kinds of coal sample and four development degrees’ sequence. At last, the intrinsic relevance between fractal dimension and other parameters is analyzed through mathematic method. The results show as follows: coal sample has self-similarity characteristic; the fractal dimension is related to both the total number of pores and porosity degree; the data of the coal pore, analyzed through fractal dimension, are consistent with that through traditional method; what’s more, fractal dimension has more advantages in describing accuracy and simplicity.

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