scholarly journals Understanding Factors Affecting Arterial Reliability Performance Metrics

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Anderson ◽  
◽  
Rohan Sirupa ◽  
Sirisha Kothuri ◽  
Avinash Unnikrishnan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Reliability Performance

scholarly journals Impact of Climate Change on the Distribution of Euscaphis japonica (Staphyleaceae) Trees

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 525
Author(s):  
Keliang Zhang ◽  
Lanping Sun ◽  
Jun Tao
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The North ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation

Analyzing the effects of climate change on forest ecosystems and individual species is of great significance for incorporating management responses to conservation policy development. Euscaphis japonica (Staphyleaceae), a small tree or deciduous shrub, is distributed among the open forests or mountainous valleys of Vietnam, Korea, Japan, and southern China. Meanwhile, it is also used as a medicinal and ornamental plant. Nonetheless, the extents of E. japonica forest have gradually shrunk as a result of deforestation, together with the regional influence of climate change. The present study employed two methods for modeling species distribution, Maxent and Genetic Algorithm for Rule-set Prediction (GARP), to model the potential distribution of this species and the effects of climate change on it. Our results suggest that both models performed favorably, but GARP outperformed Maxent for all performance metrics. The temperate and subtropical regions of eastern China where the species had been recorded was very suitable for E. japonica growth. Temperature and precipitation were two primary environmental factors affecting the distribution of E. japonica. Under climate change scenarios, the range of suitable habitats for E. japonica will expand geographically toward the north. Our findings may be used in several ways such as identifying currently undocumented locations of E. japonica, sites where it may occur in the future, or potential locations where the species could be introduced and so contribute to the conservation and management of this species.

Managing Unplanned Rail Disruptions: Policy Implications and Guidelines Towards an Effective Bus Bridging Strategy

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alaa Itani ◽  
Aya Aboudina ◽  
Ehab Diab ◽  
Siva Srikukenthiran ◽  
Amer Shalaby
Keyword(s):  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Demand Reduction ◽  
Incident Duration ◽  
Transit Agencies ◽  
Bridging Strategy ◽  
Forecasting Errors ◽  
The City ◽  
Rail Service

Bus bridging is a key strategy used by transit agencies to handle rail service interruptions. In practice, buses are dispatched from scheduled services to act as temporary shuttles along the disrupted rail segment. This study provides a robust analysis of four factors affecting bus bridging policies: 1) initial dispatch direction of shuttle buses, 2) dispatch time (i.e., the response time for requesting shuttle buses), 3) uncertainty in predicting the incident duration, and 4) reduction of metro passengers demand because of disruption. A user delay modeling tool is used to assess various bus bridging policies based on their resulting users’ delays (for affected passengers) and other system performance measures. The tool was validated, and sensitivity analysis was conducted based on real disruption scenarios that suspended various segments of the metro service in the City of Toronto. The main results indicate that: 1) the initial dispatch direction of shuttle buses should take into consideration the demand at the disrupted segment while maintaining a moderate level of shuttle bus utilization; 2) a 1-min increase in the dispatch time causes about 0.4 min additional waiting time at disrupted metro stations per passenger; 3) incidents with high forecasting errors can cause excessive delays for metro passengers and significant wasted time of non-utilized shuttle buses; and, 4) significant users’ delay savings are observed at higher demand reduction levels. This paper provides transportation practitioners and planners with a better understanding of the different aspects of bus bridging policies based on users’ delays and shuttle buses’ performance metrics.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting the Profitability of Insurance Companies in Albania

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 352
Author(s):  
Dorina Kripa ◽  
Dorina Ajasllari
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Company Size ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
The Impact ◽  
A Company

Good performance of a company determines the position of the company in its market and the growth and consolidation of the market, giving as result the development of the economy as a whole. The importance of this topic further enhanced when dealing with insurance companies because: 1) insurance companies’ transfers risk in the economy 2) provide a mechanism to promote savings 3) promote investment activities. The growing importance of insurance companies in Albania and the importance of profitability as one of the key performance metrics of a company are the reasons why we decide to write this paper. The variation of profits between insurance companies over the years, within a country, leads to believe that internal factors play a major role in determining profitability. We have taken under study the impact of growth rate, liabilities, liquidity, fixed assets, volume of capital and company size on the profitability of insurance companies. The methodology used is based on quantitative methods and the data are provided by reliable sources such as annual reports of insurance companies’, FSA reports and NRC . We have taken under study 7 companies, including non-life and life insurance companies, from 2008- 2013. The results of the paper show that factors such as growth rate, liabilities, liquidity and fixed assets are the main factors affecting the profitability of insurers, where the growth rate is positively associated with profitability, while liabilities, liquidity and fixed assets are negatively correlated. Company size and the volume of capital are positively correlated with the profitability of insurance companies’, but their impact is statistically insignificant.

A Novel Approach to Evaluating Leak Detection CPM System Sensitivity/Reliability Performance Trade-Offs

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shyam Chadha ◽  
Daniel Hung ◽  
Samir Rashid
Keyword(s):  
False Alarm ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Leak Detection ◽  
American Petroleum Institute ◽  
False Alarms ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Reliability Performance

As defined in American Petroleum Institute Recommended Practice 1130 (API RP 1130), CPM system leak detection performance is evaluated on the basis of four distinct but interrelated metrics: sensitivity, reliability, accuracy and robustness. These performance metrics are captured to evaluate performance, manage risk and prioritize mitigation efforts. Evaluating and quantifying sensitivity performance of a CPM system is paramount to ensure the performance of the CPM system is acceptable based on a company’s risk profile for detecting leaks. Employing API RP 1130 recommended testing methodologies including parameter manipulation techniques, software simulated leak tests and/or removal of test quantities of commodity from the pipeline are excellent approaches to understanding the leak sensitivity metric. Good reliability (false alarm) performance is critical to ensure that control center operator desensitization does not occur through long term exposure to false alarms. Continuous tracking and analyzing of root causes of leak alarms ensures that the effects of seasonal variations or changes to operation on CPM system performance are managed appropriately. The complexity of quantifying this metric includes qualitatively evaluating the relevance of false alarms. The interrelated nature of the above performance metrics imposes conflicting requirements and results in inherent trade-offs. Optimizing the trade-off between reliability and sensitivity involves identifying the point that thresholds must be set to obtain a balance of a desired sensitivity and false alarm rate. This paper presents an approach to illustrate the combined sensitivity/reliability performance for an example pipeline. The paper discusses considerations addressed while determining the methodology such as stakeholder input, ongoing CPM system enhancements, sensitivity/reliability trade-off, risk based capital investment and graphing techniques. The paper also elaborates on a number of identified benefits of the selected overall methodology.

scholarly journals Modelling Key Performance Indicators in a Gamified Waste Management Tool

Modelling ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-53
Author(s):  
Georgios Pappas ◽  
Iliana Papamichael ◽  
Antonis Zorpas ◽  
Joshua E. Siegel ◽  
Jacob Rutkowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Key Performance Indicators ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
Interactive Tools ◽  
Climate Crisis

Broader understanding of waste management has the potential to bring about broad societal change impacting the climate crisis and public health. We present existing waste management tools and commercially-available games involving waste management, highlighting the strengths and opportunities left unaddressed by these tools in educational contexts and planning use cases. A survey motivates the need for enhanced interactive tools providing clear feedback through quick-visibility performance indicators. After identifying an opportunity to build upon highly-detailed multi-criteria simulation tools, we explore the need for easy-to-read performance metrics that will bring to the field of waste management easily identifiable and measurable key performance indicators (KPIs) that vary alongside factors affecting waste management policies. Such metrics are introduced and detailed as part of a unified waste management model. We then develop a representative gamified educational tool based upon this model to be used by students, decision makers planning real-world policies, and the public. This simulator is built upon the Unity Game Engine and emulates waste management techniques and resulting KPIs within the context of a virtual city.

Design, Characteristics and Performance of Diamond Pad Conditioners

2010 ◽  
Vol 1249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas J. Pysher ◽  
Brian Goers ◽  
John Zabasajja
Keyword(s):  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Chemical Mechanical Planarization ◽  
Spatial Density ◽  
Height Distribution ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Design Characteristics ◽  
And Performance

AbstractA wide range of diamond pad conditioner (disk) designs have been characterized and key performance metrics have been collected. Relationships between design characteristics including diamond size and shape, spatial density, and tip height distribution and polishing pad wear rates and pad surface textures have been established for a variety of pads.Estimation of the depth-of-penetration of working diamonds, from used disk analyses, allows meaningful topographic assessments of alternative conditioner designs and predictions of relative performance. An example of an improved conditioner that illustrates this design methodology is given.Conditioner aggressiveness and its decay in various slurries have been measured to assess disk lifetime in Chemical Mechanical Planarization (CMP) processes environments. Key factors affecting disk lifetime are discussed and an improved-lifetime conditioner for use in aggressive slurries will be reviewed.

Implications of Crashes Involving Roadway Objects for Machine Vision-Based Driving Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 2674 (12) ◽  
pp. 291-302
Author(s):  
Yingfeng (Eric) Li ◽  
Haiyan Hao ◽  
Ronald B. Gibbons ◽  
Alejandra Medina
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Machine Vision ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Vision Systems ◽  
Detection Distance ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Naturalistic Driving Study ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Learning Analysis

Crashes involving roadway objects can cause severe injuries and property damage. Utilizing data from the Second Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP 2) naturalistic driving study (NDS), this study investigated crashes involving roadway objects and their implications for the potential of machine vision-based driving systems in preventing such crashes. A comprehensive statistical and machine learning analysis was first conducted to identify major factors affecting the occurrence and severity of such events. Machine vision performance metrics (based on the SHRP 2 NDS cameras) and human driving decisions were then analyzed to identify opportunities where machine vision systems could particularly mitigate risk factors. The results suggest that driver behaviors/errors, speed, reaction time, and object characteristics played the most significant role in the occurrence and severity outcome of the SHRP 2 events. The average object detection distance based on the SHRP 2 cameras was approximately 20 m for all objects. The average reaction time provided by the SHRP 2 cameras was 1.5 s for all events but 1.1 s for events involving animals and roadway debris. In general, the machine vision reaction time was longer than the driver reaction time for approximately 95% of all analyzed events and 75% of the events in which drivers reacted before collisions. Drivers were able to make safe evasive maneuvers in 56% of all analyzed events and 72% events involving roadway debris and animals. Based on these results, the paper discusses in detail when and how machine vision systems could assist in preventing crashes involving roadway objects.

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