scholarly journals FEATURES OF NEUTROPHIL CHEMILUMINESCENCE IN THE PATIENTS WITH ADVANCED RECTAL CANCER

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. V. Smirnova ◽  
E. V. Kasparov ◽  
Ya. I. Perepechay ◽  
A. A. Nesytykh ◽  
V. S. Belyaev
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Rectal Cancer ◽  
Tumor Regression ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Neutrophil Granulocytes ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Neutrophilic Granulocytes ◽  
Chemiluminescence Intensity ◽  
Active Forms Of Oxygen ◽  
Opsonized Zymosan

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignant diseases in Russia worldwide making up 5-6% of all human malignant tumors. Neutrophilic granulocytes are actively involved in development of antitumor response. A key role in tumor regression is assigned to active forms of oxygen produced by neutrophils. In connection with these pre-requisites, our goal was to study functional characteristics of spontaneous and induced chemiluminescent activity of neutrophil granulocytes in patients with rectal cancer before starting pathogenetic therapy and in subsequent dynamics. The paper presents some laboratory results, i.e., functional indices of neutrophilic granulocytes’ activity in 36 patients with rectal cancer being at different stages of oncological process. The control group consisted of 112 practically healthy volunteers, comparable in sex and age to the group of patients under study. To perform the study venous blood was taken from patients to vacuum test tubes with lithium heparin in the morning time before surgical treatment, and on day 7 after the surgical intervention. Evaluation of spontaneous and induced chemiluminescence was performed for 90 minutes in a 36-channel “CL 3606” chemiluminescence analyzer (Russia). The following characteristics were determined: time of the curve transition to maximal chemiluminescence intensity (Tmax), maximal value of chemiluminescence intensity (Imax), integral area under the chemiluminescence curve (S). Luminol was used as the chemiluminescence enhancer. Opsonized zymosan was used to induce the respiratory explosion. Chemiluminescence amplification induced by opsonized zymosan was evaluated by the ratio of induced-tospontaneous chemiluminescence (Sind/spont) designated as an activation index.Analysis of chemiluminescence activity in neutrophilic granulocytes showed a significant increase in spontaneous chemiluminescence activity at the stages III and IV of the disease. The production of active oxygen forms induced in neutrophilic granulocytes by opsonized zymosan increased in all the study groups, relative to control parameters. The area under the curves of spontaneous and induced chemiluminescence in patients with colorectal cancer at all stages of the oncological process is less, as compared to the control group, which, despite high indices of maximal chemiluminescence activity, may indicate insufficient total production of reactive oxygen species. The time-to-peak values of the chemiluminescence curves in patients with rectal cancer at all stages of the disease did not show statistically significant differences from the control group.

Adjuvant chemotherapy with uracil-tegafur (UFT) for stage III colorectal cancer: Final results of randomized trials by the National Surgical Adjuvant Study of Colorectal Cancer (NSAS-CC)

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 4049-4049 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Hamaguchi ◽  
K. Shirao ◽  
Y. Moriya ◽  
S. Yoshida ◽  
S. Kodaira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Rectal Cancer ◽  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Adjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Resected Stage

4049 Background: In the latter 1990s, no consensus was reached as to whether adjuvant chemotherapy was standard treatment for completely resected stage III colorectal cancer in Japan. At that time, we started two randomized controlled trials to clarify the role of adjuvant chemotherapy of stage III colon and rectal cancer in the same time. Methods: Patients with completely resected stage III cancer of the colon or rectum (PS, 0 to 2; age, 20 to 75 years; no other adjuvant therapy) were eligible for these trials. Patients were registered within 6 weeks after surgery and were randomly assigned to receive surgery alone (control group) or surgery followed by treatment with UFT (400 mg/m2/day), given for 5 consecutive days per week for 1 year (UFT group). The target number of patients was 500 for colon cancer and 400 for rectal cancer (hazard ratio = 0.67, one-sided a= 0.05, β= 0.2). The primary endpoint was relapse-free survival (RFS), and the secondary end point was overall survival (OS). Results: Between October 1996 and April 2001, a total of 334 patients with colon cancer and 276 with rectal cancer were enrolled. Four ineligible patients were excluded; data from the remaining 332 patients with colon cancer and 274 with rectal cancer were analyzed. The patients’ characteristics were similar in the groups. Analysis of the results of follow-up until March 2006, at least 5 years after surgery in all patients (median follow-up period, 6.2 years), showed no significant difference in RFS or OS in colon cancer. In rectal cancer, however, RFS and OS were significantly better in the UFT group than in the control group. The only grade 4 toxicity was diarrhea, occurring in 1 patient with colon cancer and 1 patient with rectal cancer. Conclusions: Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy with UFT is well tolerated and improved RFS and OS in patients with stage III rectal cancer. In colon cancer, the expected benefits were not obtained (hazard ratio = 0.67). [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.

scholarly journals Long-term incidence of colorectal cancer after bariatric surgery or usual care in the Swedish Obese Subjects study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0248550
Author(s):  
Magdalena Taube ◽  
Markku Peltonen ◽  
Kajsa Sjöholm ◽  
Richard Palmqvist ◽  
Johanna C. Andersson-Assarsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Rectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Risk ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Surgery Group ◽  
Obese Subjects

Bariatric surgery in patients with obesity is generally considered to reduce cancer risk in patients with obesity. However, for colorectal cancer some studies report an increased risk with bariatric surgery, whereas others report a decreased risk. These conflicting results demonstrate the need of more long-term studies analyzing the effect of bariatric surgery on colorectal cancer risk. Therefore, data from the Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) study, ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01479452, was used to examine the impact of bariatric surgery on long-term incidence of colorectal cancer. The SOS study includes 2007 patients who underwent bariatric surgery and 2040 contemporaneously matched controls who received conventional obesity treatment. Patients in the surgery group underwent gastric bypass (n = 266), banding (n = 376) or vertical banded gastroplasty (n = 1365). Information on colorectal cancer events was obtained from the Swedish National Cancer Registry. Median follow-up was 22.2 years (inter-quartile range 18.3–25.2). During follow up there were 58 colorectal cancer events in the surgery group and 67 colorectal cancer events in the matched control group with a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.79 (95% CI:0.55–1.12; p = 0.183). After adjusting for age, body mass index, alcohol intake, smoking status, and diabetes, the adjusted HR was 0.89 (95% CI:0.62–1.29; p = 0.551). When analyzing rectal cancer events separately- 19 events in the surgery group and 31 events in the control group-a decreased risk of rectal cancer with surgery was observed (HR = 0.56; 95% CI:0.32–0.99; p = 0.045, adjusted HR = 0.61 (95% CI:0.34–1.10; p = 0.099), while the risk of colon cancer was unchanged. To conclude- in this long-term, prospective study, bariatric surgery was not associated with altered colorectal cancer risk.

Use of preoperative tattooing to increase lymph nodes (LNs) retrieved in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer who receive preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT): A randomized controlled trial.

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 561-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazutake Okada ◽  
Sotaro Sadahiro ◽  
Toshiyuki Suzuki ◽  
Akira Tanaka ◽  
Gota Saito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Rectal Cancer ◽  
Tumor Regression ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Histologic Response ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
India Ink ◽  
Number Of Patients

561 Background: Retrieval of 12 or more LNs has been recommended for accurate staging of colorectal cancer. Patients with 12 or more LNs revealed better survival than those with less than 12 LNs. Preoperative tattooing has been reported to improve LNs retrieval in colorectal cancer. Preoperative CRT had been reported to decrease the number of LNs in rectal cancer. We conducted a randomized controlled study to validate whether preoperative tattooing increases the number of LNs in patients who receive preoperative CRT. Methods: Fifty patients with cStage II or III rectal cancer were randomly assigned to a group in which tattooing was performed at the time of colonoscopy one day before surgery (T group) or a group without tattooing (C group). Submucosal injection of India ink was performed into two sites at the lower tumor margin. All patients had received 40/45 Gy of radiotherapy in 20/25 fractions with concurrent oral UFT or S-1 chemotherapy. Mesorectal excision was performed 6 to 8 weeks after completion of CRT. Results: There were no significant differences in characteristics between the groups. The numbers of retrieved LNs (mean±SD) in T group and C group were 14±7 and 8±6, respectively (p < 0.01). The number of patients with 12 or more LNs was greater in T group (56%) than in C group (20%) (p < 0.01). The numbers of metastatic LNs were similar in both groups (0.5±1.2 and 0.5±1.4, respectively p = 0.92). In patients with poor histologic tumor regression (TRG grade 3 to 5), the number of LNs was significantly greater in T group (17±9) than in C group (6±5; p < 0.01). However, in patients with good histologic response (TRG grade 1 or 2), the numbers of LNs in T group and C group were 11±5 and 9±6, respectively (p = 0.31). In T group, the numbers of LNs and metastatic LNs were significantly greater only in patients with poor histologic regression. Conclusions: Preoperative tattooing increases the number of retrieved LNs. In patients with poor histologic response following CRT, tattooing significantly increases the numbers of LNs. However, tattooing does not increase the numbers of retrieved LNs and metastatic LNs in patients with good histologic response. Clinical trial information: 11R-004.

scholarly journals Evaulation of miRNAs as a Non-invasive Blood-Based Marker for Detection of Colorectal Cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Fakhry ◽  
Huda Mohamed ◽  
Mona Mohamed ◽  
Sara Adel ◽  
Mohammed Tag-Adeen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Rectal Cancer ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Area Under Curve ◽  
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
American Society

Abstract Backgrounds: Although Colorectal cancer accounts for over 10% of all cancer incidence, it is highly preventable and can be detected at a stage when there are often no symptoms. The American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy encourages everyone over 50 to be screened for colorectal cancer, but many should start much earlier due to health and family history. Minimally invasive tests will be superior overtime taking into consideration availability, costs, convenience, and patient–clinicians preferences. Methods: 50 patients with known colorectal cancer (CRC) were enrolled based on colonoscopic and histopathological findings and 25 healthy subjects were enrolled as control group. Level of microRNA-21 gene expression was measured in both groups. Results: Level of microRNA-21 gene expression was significantly higher among CRC group in comparison to control group (2.76 ± 0.56 vs. 0.71 ± 0.16 (u/l); P< 0.001). A cut off point > 1.09 u/l, microRNA-21 gene expression had 96% sensitivity and 95% specificity with area under curve was 0.95 for detection of colo-rectal cancer. Level of microRNA-21 gene expression was significantly higher among CRC group in comparison to control group and its level was increasing with those with metastasis.Conclusion: Level of microRNA-21 gene expression is useful biomarker for discriminating CRC patients from healthy people.

scholarly journals Direct effectiveness of adding local hyperthermia to the scheme of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 10-20
Author(s):  
S. A. Ivanov ◽  
L. O. Petrov ◽  
D. V. Erygin ◽  
I. A. Gulidov ◽  
A. A. Karpov
Keyword(s):  
Rectal Cancer ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Tumor Regression ◽  
Therapy Group ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy ◽  
Advanced Rectal Cancer ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group

Purpose of the study. Direct evaluation of the antitumor effectiveness of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer using local electromagnetic hyperthermia. Materials and methods. The analysis of the direct results of treatment of patients with locally advanced rectal cancer in the clinic of the MRRC them. A.F.Tsyba is a branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution Scientific Research Center for Radiology of the Ministry of Health of Russia from 2015 to 2018. The study included 2 groups of patients: the study group of 54 patients and the control group of 56 people. All patients underwent a comprehensive examination with the aim of staging and morphological verification of the tumor. Patients of the study group in the neoadjuvant mode received conventional radiation therapy with classical dose fractionation in ROD 2 Gy, up to SOD 50 Gy, for 5 weeks with CAPOX chemotherapy, and local electromagnetic hyperthermia on the Yacht 4 unit, in the amount of 6 sessions. Patients in the control group received neoadjuvant treatment in an absolutely identical manner, with the exception of local hyperthermia. After the end of neoadjuvant therapy after 8–10 weeks, a comprehensive examination was again performed to assess the response of the tumor and a decision was made to conduct surgical treatment. During the follow-up examination, the following parameters were evaluated: tumor regression according to clinical and radiological examination. After surgical treatment, a comprehensive evaluation of the removed drug was carried out, including an assessment of the degree of therapeutic tumor pathomorphism according to Lavnikova G. P. Results. When conducting a comparative analysis of the frequency of complete clinical regressions of the tumor in the thermo-chemoradiotherapy group, we more often recorded the full clinical response, 12 patients (22%), compared with the chemoradiotherapy group, 8 patients (14%). In terms of partial response and stabilization in the chemoradiotherapy group, partial regression was observed in 75% of patients, while in the thermochemioradiation group only in 52% of cases. Stabilization in the study and control groups was 14% and 6%, respectively. All patients of the study and control groups with partial tumor regression and stabilization underwent surgical treatment. As a result, the frequency of surgical operations in the control group was slightly higher than 48 (85.7%) versus 42 (77.7%) from the main group (p>0.05). When analyzing the frequency of a complete pathomorphological response, we noted that in the thermochemo-radiation therapy group it was 34% versus 4% in the chemo-radiation therapy group. On the contrary, pathomorphism of the 1st degree was much more common in patients of the control group — 21% versus 2% in the study group. The differences in both cases are statistically highly significant (p<0.001, χ2 15, χ27). Conclusion. The use of thermochemoradiotherapy with high statistical significance (p<0.001) increases the frequency of complete pathomorphological response: 34% in the study group versus 4% in the chemoradiotherapy group.

EXPERIENCE OF THE APPLICATION OF THERMOCHEMIORRADIOTHERAPY IN COMBINED TREATMENT OF DYSTAL CANCER OF DIRECT INTESTINE

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-134
Author(s):  
Zhanna Startseva ◽  
Sergey Afanasev ◽  
Dina Plaskeeva
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Rectal Cancer ◽  
Primary Tumor ◽  
Advanced Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Chemoradiation Therapy ◽  
Locally Advanced Colorectal Cancer

The article describes the experience of using ther-mochioradiotherapy in the combined treatment of distal locally advanced colorectal cancer, as well as comparing the effectiveness of treatment with chemoradiation therapy. The use of the proposed method as a component of the combined treatment of patients with rectal cancer allowed to increase the percentage of organ-preserving operations. As a result of thermochemotherapy, the prevalence of the primary tumor was significantly reduced, as a result of which the number of sphincter-bearing operations was reduced by almost 2 times (p

scholarly journals Cervical lymph node enlargement as the initial manifestation of rectal cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tong-Hui Xie ◽  
Peng Su ◽  
Jian-Guo Hong ◽  
Hui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Rectal Cancer ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Cervical Lymph Node ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Initial Symptom ◽  
Cervical Lymph Nodes ◽  
Supraclavicular Lymph Nodes ◽  
Lymph Node Enlargement

Abstract Background Colorectal cancer is a very common malignant tumor worldwide. The clinical manifestations of advanced colorectal cancer include the changes in bowel habits, hematochezia, diarrhea, local abdominal pain and other symptoms. However, the colorectal cancer with an initial symptom of cervical lymph node enlargement is extremely rare. In this article, we report a case of rectal cancer presenting with cervical lymph nodes enlargement as the initial symptom. Case presentation A 57-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital for cervical lymph node enlargement which was accidentally detected during physical examination. Computed tomography scan revealed multiple enlarged lymph nodes in the neck. Cervical ultrasound showed normal thyroid gland and multiple left supraclavicular lymph nodes enlargement. The patient underwent lymph nodes biopsy and pathologic results showed metastatic adenocarcinoma. The subsequent lower gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed a mucosal bulge lesion located at rectus and biopsy revealed adenocarcinoma. The patient underwent rectal cancer resection. She is alive with no evidence of recurrence or new tumors 2 years after surgery. Conclusions Cervical lymph node metastasis is a rare metastatic way in colorectal cancer. This is the first case of rectal cancer presenting with cervical lymph nodes metastases as the initial symptom. Surgical resection combined with postoperative chemotherapy improved long-term prognosis of the patient. This rare metastatic way of rectal cancer should be paid attention for clinicians.

scholarly journals German oncology certification system for colorectal cancer – relative survival rates of a single certified centre vs. national and international registry data

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maximilian Richter ◽  
Lena Sonnow ◽  
Amir Mehdizadeh-Shrifi ◽  
Axel Richter ◽  
Rainer Koch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Rectal Cancer ◽  
International Comparison ◽  
Cancer Registry ◽  
Survival Data ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Relative Survival ◽  
Registry Data ◽  
Cancer Registry Data ◽  
Colon And Rectal Cancer

Abstract Objectives To evaluate how the certification of specialised Oncology Centres in Germany affects the relative survival of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) by means of national and international comparison. Methods Between 2007 and 2013, 675 patients with colorectal cancer, treated at the Hildesheim Hospital, an academic teaching hospital of the Hannover Medical School (MHH), were included. A follow-up of the entire patient group was performed until 2014. To obtain international data, a SEER-database search was done. The relative survival of 148,957 patients was compared to our data after 12, 36 and 60 months. For national survival data, we compared our rates with 41,988 patients of the Munich Cancer Registry (MCR). Results Relative survival at our institution tends to be higher in advanced tumour stages compared to national and international cancer registry data. Nationally we found only little variation in survival rates for low stages CRC (UICC I and II), colon, and rectal cancer. There were notable variations regarding relative survival rates for advanced CRC tumour stages (UICC IV). These variations were even more distinct for rectal cancer after 12, 36 and 60 months (Hildesheim Hospital: 89.9, 40.3, 30.1%; Munich Cancer Registry (MCR): 65.4, 28.7, 16.6%). The international comparison of CRC showed significantly higher relative survival rates for patients with advanced tumour stages after 12 months at our institution (77 vs. 54.9% for UICC IV; raw p<0.001). Conclusions Our findings suggest that patients with advanced tumour stages of CRC and especially rectal cancer benefit most from a multidisciplinary and guidelines-oriented treatment at Certified Oncology Centres. For a better evaluation of cancer treatment and improved national and international comparison, the creation of a centralised national cancer registry is necessary.

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