ANALYSIS OF TICKS OF IXODES PERSULCATUS И DERMACENTOR RETICULATUS SPECIES WITH TRANSMISSIBLE DISEASES IN KIROV REGION

At present, the ixodofauna of the Tyumen region is represented by six species of ixodid ticks – these are Ixodes persulcatus Schulze, 1930; Dermacentor reticulatus Fabricius, 1794 (D. pictus, Hermann, 1804); D. marginatus Sulz, 1776; I. apronophorus P. Sch., 1924; I. (Exopalpiger) trianguliceps Bir., 1895 and I. (Ceratixodes) plumbeus, Kirsch., 1936. Three species of ixodid ticks parasitize cattle: I. persulcatus, D. reticulatus, D. marginatus. The remaining three species of ticks, Ixodes apronophorus, Ixodes strianguliceps, and Ixodes plumbeus, belong to the nest-like parasitic type and therefore are less dangerous parasites for large mammals. The most widespread ticks of the genus Ixodes and Dermacentor in the context of all natural-geographical zones of the region are ticks of the genus Dermacentor, their dominance index was 54.8%. As a result of observation, it was noted that the temperature and humidity of the air affect the activity of ixodid ticks of the genus Dermacentor in nature. Thus, the peak of ixodid activity in the spring period fell on days when the air temperature reached values from 16 oC to 26 oC, and in autumn from 15 oC to 21 oC, while lower and higher humidity indices had a depressing effect on ixodid mites of the genus Dermacentor.

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Differentiation of Medically Important Euro-Asian Tick Species Ixodes ricinus, Ixodes persulcatus, Ixodes hexagonus, and Dermacentor reticulatus by Polymerase Chain Reaction

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases ◽

10.1089/vbz.2009.0191 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 899-905 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Leonid Rumer ◽

Olga Sheshukova ◽

Hans Dautel ◽

Oliver Donoso Mantke ◽

Matthias Niedrig

Keyword(s):

Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Ixodes Ricinus ◽

Tick Species ◽

Dermacentor Reticulatus ◽

Ixodes Persulcatus ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

Ixodes Hexagonus ◽

Polymerase Chain

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A large-scale screening for the taiga tick, Ixodes persulcatus, and the meadow tick, Dermacentor reticulatus, in southern Scandinavia, 2016

Parasites & Vectors ◽

10.1186/s13071-019-3596-3 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Lene Jung Kjær ◽

Arnulf Soleng ◽

Kristin Skarsfjord Edgar ◽

Heidi Elisabeth H. Lindstedt ◽

Katrine Mørk Paulsen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Dermacentor Reticulatus ◽

Ixodes Persulcatus ◽

Taiga Tick ◽

Southern Scandinavia ◽

Large Scale Screening

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Dynamics of tick Infection with borrelia, anaplasma and Ehrlichia in the kirov Region

Russian Journal of Parasitology ◽

10.31016/1998-8435-2020-14-2-38-45 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 38-45

Author(s):

I. A. Novoselova ◽

E. A. Bessolitsyna

Keyword(s):

Genetic Material ◽

Maximum Level ◽

Dermacentor Reticulatus ◽

Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato ◽

Ixodes Persulcatus ◽

Tick Infection ◽

Simultaneous Infection ◽

Combined Infection ◽

And Gender ◽

Research Period

The purpose of the research is identification of the genetic material of microorganisms of the group Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, of the genera Anaplasma and Ehrlichia in ixodic ticks of various species collected in the Kirov Region from 2010 to 2017. Materials and methods. Ixodic ticks were collected from the vegetation cover, people's clothing and the hair of domestic animals (dogs and cats). Species and gender of ticks were identified using definition tables. Total nucleic acids were isolated from ixodic ticks fixed in 70 % ethanol by the method using guanidine thioisocyanate buffer. Ticks’ infection by pathogens was determined using polymerase chain reaction. Results and discussion. Three species of ixodic ticks Ixodes persulcatus, Dermacentor reticulatus and I. ricinus were studied. The species I. persulcatus had the highest infection rates with the studied pathogens. The largest percentage of ticks tested was infected with Ehrlichia (35.6%). The most common were cases of simultaneous infection of ticks with Borrelia and Ehrlichia (16.3%). Cases of combined infection with three pathogens at once (Borrelia, Anaplasma and Ehrlichia) were found in all studied tick species with the same probability. Peaks of tick infection were revealed: the maximum level for all studied pathogens during the research period was noted in 2011; an increase in the number of infected ticks was observed in 2015 and 2016.

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Comparative Metagenomic Profiling of Symbiotic Bacterial Communities Associated with Ixodes persulcatus, Ixodes pavlovskyi and Dermacentor reticulatus Ticks

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0131413 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. e0131413 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Alexander Kurilshikov ◽

Natalya N. Livanova ◽

Nataliya V. Fomenko ◽

Alexey E. Tupikin ◽

Vera A. Rar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Communities ◽

Dermacentor Reticulatus ◽

Ixodes Persulcatus ◽

Ixodes Pavlovskyi

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Detection and genotyping of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in I. persulcatus and D. reticulatus ticks collected in Tomsk (Western Siberia) in 2015–2016

Bulletin of Siberian Medicine ◽

10.20538/1682-0363-2019-2-89-98 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 89-98

Author(s):

M. Yu. Kartashov ◽

T. P. Mikryukova ◽

N. S. Moskvitina ◽

E. I. Krivosheina ◽

A. I. Kuznetsov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Nucleotide Sequence ◽

Western Siberia ◽

Genetic Material ◽

Dermacentor Reticulatus ◽

Ixodid Ticks ◽

Ixodes Persulcatus ◽

Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis ◽

Granulocytic Anaplasmosis ◽

Species Specific

Introduction. The detection of the first cases of tick-borne human granulocytic anaplasmosis in Russia, discovery of genetic markers for Anaplasma spp. in ixodid ticks and reporting of a significant number of cases of tick-borne infections in the southern part of Western Siberia give reason to suppose that causative agents of tick-borne anaplasmosis may be transmitted in Tomsk and its suburbs. Objective. To study the distribution and species biodiversity of A. phagocytophilum in ixodid ticks in Tomsk Region. Materials and methods. The analysis of 690 individual ixodid ticks (larvae and adults) was carried out for Ixodes persulcatus (n = 530) and Dermacentor reticulatus (n = 160) ticks collected in 2015–2016 on the territory of urban and suburban biotopes of Tomsk. Primary screening of ticks for the presence of genetic material of A. phagocytophilum was conducted using two-round PCR with species-specific primers for the 16S rRNA gene. The amplification (1,220 kB) of the groESL fragment of the heat shock protein operon was performed for positive isolates with subsequent determination of the nucleotide sequence in the gene fragment for phylogenetic analysis. Results. The number of A. phagocytophilum positive samples for I. persulcatus (larvae) was 1.2 ± 0.6%, I. persulcatus (adult) was 1.8 ± 0.7%; and D. reticulatus (adult) was 0.6 ± 0.3%. Analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the gene fragments in groESL operon for nine isolates confirmed that the genetic material of the granulocytic anaplasmosis was detected. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all the isolates belonged to the first group of the “new cluster” of A. phagocytophilum. Conclusion. The causative agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis has been newly detected in I. persulcatus ticks collected in urban and suburban biotopes of Tomsk and in D. reticulatus from urban foci.

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Tick-borne pathogens in ticks collected from dogs, Latvia, 2011–2016

BMC Veterinary Research ◽

10.1186/s12917-019-2149-5 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Agne Namina ◽

Valentina Capligina ◽

Maija Seleznova ◽

Rudolfs Krumins ◽

Darja Aleinikova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ixodes Ricinus ◽

Tick Species ◽

Environmental Changes ◽

Dermacentor Reticulatus ◽

Ixodes Persulcatus ◽

Borrelia Miyamotoi ◽

Emerging Pathogens ◽

Additional Risk ◽

Risk Of Exposure ◽

The Difference

Abstract Background Different tick species are able to transmit different pathogens, and tick-borne diseases are of substantial concern worldwide for both humans and animals. Environmental changes and changes in the range of tick species, including Dermacentor reticulatus in Europe, can affect the spread of zoonotic pathogens. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of the tick-borne pathogens in ticks removed from dogs in Latvia, and to explore possible changes between years 2011 and 2016. Results In 2011, only Ixodes ticks (221 Ixodes ricinus and 22 Ixodes persulcatus) were collected from dogs, while in 2016 tick samples belonged to Ixodes ricinus (360), Ixodes persulcatus (2) and Dermacentor reticulatus (27) species. In total, 35.8 and 40.0% of adult ticks were pathogen-positive in 2011 and 2016, respectively; the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The molecular analysis indicated the presence of 13 tick-borne microorganisms; the most prevalent pathogen was Rickettsia, followed by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato group spirochetes, Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Babesia species. Borrelia miyamotoi was also present. A co-infection with two and three tick-borne pathogens was detected in 7.9 and 7.4% of Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor reticulatus, respectively. The results of this study confirmed that the spread of novel vectors could bring additional risk of exposure to novel emerging pathogens to pets and their owners, as both Babesia canis and Rickettsia raoultii were shown to be highly associated with Dermacentor reticulatus ticks in Latvia. Conclusions This study demonstrates the potential danger from the inadvertent introduction of novel disease pathogens and vectors. Awareness of co-infections and Dermacentor reticulatus-related pathogens needs to be increased.

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Detection of bartonella DNA in ixodid ticks, mosquitoes and in patients blood in Novosibirsk region

Bulletin of Siberian Medicine ◽

10.20538/1682-0363-2006--106-110 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. 106-110

Author(s):

O. V. Morozova ◽

L. V. Petrozhitskaya ◽

N. Ya. Chernousova ◽

A. G. Mirzayeva ◽

A. K. Dobrotvorsky ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Blood ◽

Mixed Infection ◽

Nested Pcr ◽

Bartonella Henselae ◽

Dermacentor Reticulatus ◽

Ixodid Ticks ◽

Ixodes Persulcatus ◽

Bartonella Quintana ◽

Novosibirsk Region ◽

Pcr Product

Bartonella DNA was detected using nested PCR in ticks Ixodes persulcatus and Dermacentor reticulatus, in mosquitoes Aedes cantans, but not in other mosquito or gnat species. Phylogenic analysis of the PCR product nucleotide sequences proved the infec- tion of arthropod vectors and human blood with Bartonella henselae, Bartonella quintana or their mixed infection in Novosibirsk region.

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The efficacy of FOS and Fitoverm drugs against Ixodes ticks

Russian Journal of Parasitology ◽

10.31016/1998-8435-2021-15-1-85-91 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 85-91

Author(s):

E. I. Butakov ◽

L. D. Shamanskaya

Keyword(s):

Lethal Effect ◽

Ixodid Tick ◽

Dermacentor Reticulatus ◽

Ixodid Ticks ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Ixodes Persulcatus ◽

Field Environment ◽

Ixodes Ticks ◽

Working Solution ◽

Grass Stand

The purpose of the research is studying the efficacy of FOS and Fitoverm drugs against ixodid ticks.Materials and methods. The study objects were ixodid tick species Ixodes persulcatus (Schulze, 1930), Dermacentor reticulatus (Hermann, 1804) and D. marginatus (Schulzer, 1776) in the imago stage. Ticks were collected in the environment of the Altai plains and mountains from vegetation to the flag under the methodology. The efficacy of drug acaricidal activity was assessed according to the methodological guide. In the laboratory, the ticks were placed in a chamber at a temperature of 7 оC. The effect of drugs was assessed by observation every hour for 2-3 days. Live ticks (20 individuals) were contacted with the drug by immersion three times in the working solution in a permeable fabric container. Neostomosan was used as control. Further tests of FOS and Fitoverm were carried out in the field environment. Briz 25% e.c. was used as control. The plots on which the number of Ixodes had previously been recorded was treated using a sprayer on June 1-2 in the morning. The number of live ticks in the plots was counted 1-2 days after the treatment. The biochemical composition of grass stand on various treated grounds was studied according to standard methods. The results were processed statistically.Results and discussion. The Siberian Scientific-Research Institute of Horticulture has developed a series of environmentally friendly drugs based on natural biologically active substances that have shown high efficacy against Ixodes. These are FOS and Fitoverm, which provided a 100% lethal effect against Ixodes in working concentrations of 3–4% and 0.1–0.3% under laboratory conditions. Treatment with Fitoverm 0.3%, FOS 3% and synthetic industrial drug Briz 25% of e.c. 0.75% of grass stand at the stage of grazing for cattle in pasture conditions statistically significantly reduces the number of ticks by 71–79%.

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TBE in China

Tick-borne encephalitis - The Book ◽

10.33442/26613980_12b6-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Western China ◽

Ixodes Persulcatus ◽

West China ◽

North West ◽

Haemaphysalis Concinna ◽

Viral Subtype ◽

Japanese Military ◽

Natural Foci ◽

Far Eastern ◽

The Brain

The first TBE patients in China were reported in 1943, and the TBEV was isolated from the brain tissues of 2 patients in 1944 by Japanese military scientists,1 and from patients and ticks (Ixodes persulcatus and Haemaphysalis concinna) in 1952 by Chinese researchers.2 The Far Eastern viral subtype (TBEV-FE) is the endemic subtype that has been isolated from all 3 known natural foci (northeastern China, western China, and southwestern China).14 Recently a new “Himalayan subtype” of the TBEV (TBEV-HIM) was isolated from wild rodent Marmoata himalayana in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau15. The main vector of the TBEV in China is I. persulcatus.3 One recent report suggests that the TBEV-SIB is prevalent in the Uygur region (North West China)13 but epidemiological modelling indicates that the TBEV may occur even widely all over China (Figure 3).4 Likely, the disease is often missed by clinicians due to a lack of the availability of specific diagnostic assays16.

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