An Empirical Study of the Effect of Cultural Differences on the Treade Scale

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 343-359
Author(s):  
Hyun-ji Lim ◽  
Hak-Loh Lee
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Cultural Differences

Entrepreneurship in Transition Economies: Is There an Entrepreneurial Characteristic Similarity to Western Entrepreneur?

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-157
Author(s):  
Thomas Bradley ◽  
Paul Eberle
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Transition Economies ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Cultural Dimension ◽  
Factory Workers ◽  
Cultural Characteristics ◽  
History Of

This empirical study consists of two parts. The first part of the study examines the cultural characteristics and dimensions of entrepreneurs and factory workers in transition economies during the early transition period to determine if their cultural values were similar to those found in other nations. The second part of the study compares the differences in Hofstede’s cultural dimension scores between entrepreneurs and workers in market economies. It might seem extraordinary that after more than 70 years of a centralized nonentrepreneurial society that all of the communist nations that the current authors studied had essentially the same cultural differences among entrepreneurs that were found in capitalist nations with a long history of entrepreneurial activity.

scholarly journals Translating Collocations from English into Arabic and vice versa: An Empirical Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Abaker
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
University Students ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Literal Translation ◽  
Translation Strategy ◽  
Efl Students ◽  
Grammatical Dependencies

Collocations are defined as ''the frequent co-occurrence of lexical items that naturally share the characteristics of semantic and grammatical dependencies"(Ibrahim, 2003: iii). In translation, collocations are considered a factor that makes translation more effective and powerful. However, translating collocations is an everlasting struggle for most students of translation. The present study aims at investigating the challenges that Sudanese EFL university students encounter when rendering English collocations into their Arabic equivalences and vice versa as well as the reasons behind these challenges. To this end, 26 Sudanese EFL students, between 20-30 years old, studying at Nahda College in Sudan, were selected. A diagnostic test composed of two questions is used as a tool for data collection. Frequencies, percentages, mean, and standard deviation are used to analyse the collected data. The results of this study manifests that Sudanese EFL university students encounter difficulties in translating collocations from English into Arabic and vice versa; the causes of these difficulties are due to students’ unawareness of the linguistic and cultural differences between the two languages as well as their heavy reliance on literal translation strategy.

scholarly journals Exploring the Motivation for Pesantren-Based Microfinance Institution Development: Schutz’s Phenomenological Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siswanto
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Concept Development ◽  
Motivation Theory ◽  
Microfinance Institutions ◽  
Social Concern ◽  
Religious Motivation ◽  
Entrepreneurial Motivation ◽  
Microfinance Institution

This study aims to explore the meaning of motivation for pesantren-based microfinance institution development based on Schutz’s phenomenological approach. The action motivation for microfinance institution development is typified based on “because motives” and “in order to motives.” Research on entrepreneurial motivation in China, America, and Greece show that cultural differences explain different motivation. Likewise, pesantren-based microfinance institution development is also perceived to have a different sort of motivation from that of other communities. Based on the uniqueness of pesantren communities and motivation differences among countries, this study employs Schutz’s phenomenological approach, taking the subjects as the founders of microfinance institutions in pesantren. The results of the study show the meaning of social concern as a “because motive” and worship as an “in order to motive.” This has implications for the development of a pesantren-based motivation theory. The motivation of social concern and worship can encourage the success of pesantren-based microfinance institution development. The results contribute to the concept development of entrepreneurial motivation. The meaning of entrepreneurial motivation is not only related to material motives but also a social and religious drive. Social and religious motivation complements an empirical study on entrepreneurship motivation.

scholarly journals Institutional theory for explaining corruption: An empirical study on public sector organizations in China and Indonesia

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 817-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yudha Aryo Sudibyo ◽  
Sun Jianfu
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Economic Freedom ◽  
Press Freedom ◽  
Political Democracy ◽  
Postgraduate Students ◽  
Public Sector Organizations

Many researches on corruption examined macro factors such decentralization, political democracy, press freedom, and economic freedom, as shown by Lecuna (2012), Alexeef and Habodazzova, (2012) and Goel and Nelson (2005). However, there are limited studies on corruption that examine this topic from organizational approach. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate existing institutional theories describing corrupt behaviour in Asian public sector organizations. A total of 171 questionnaires were distributed to public service officers who were currently enrolled as accounting postgraduate students in both China and Indonesia. The results support the institutional theoretical model used to explain corruption in public sector organizations. However, cultural differences in democracy were not a significant factor on respondent’s perception concerning corruptions in both of countries.

Australian Businesses in China

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-53
Author(s):  
Mona Chung ◽  
Jane Menzies
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Relationship Building ◽  
Business Culture ◽  
Chinese Market ◽  
Chinese Business ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Business In China ◽  
Main Barrier

This paper indentifies a main barrier when doing business with China, the cultural gap, and provides the strategies that companies can use when entering the Chinese market. This empirical study examined 40 Australian organisations in their activities when entering the Chinese market. Alarmingly after 30 years of attempting to do business in China, companies are still not addressing the issue of cultural differences. Companies are also caught by surprises due to lack of preparation how large the cultural gap is between Australian and Chinese business culture. The findings of the study have important implications for businesses considering entry to China, and for Australian businesses already doing business in China. The strategies investigated include human resource strategies, dealing with Chinese staff, relationship building, getting outside support (employing consultants), learning about the culture, and adapting to the culture.

scholarly journals The Role of Context in Translating Colour Metaphors: An Experiment on English into Estonian Translation

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 690-705
Author(s):  
Anu Kalda ◽  
Mari Uusküla
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Contemporary Theory ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Context Free ◽  
Target Culture

AbstractContemporary theory on metaphor states that metaphor is conceptual, conventional, and part of the ordinary system of thought and language. It has been argued that metaphors can become a translation problem, since transferring them from one language and culture to another may be restricted by linguistic and cultural differences. We investigated how colour metaphors are translated from English into Estonian. To understand how metaphors are translated, a cognitive empirical study was carried out with 21 colour metaphors. The experiment was conducted with two separate groups of volunteers. The first group participated in a context-based translation task, the second in a context-free one.The experiment indicates that colour metaphors are culture specific. It also revealed that context plays a crucial role in the comprehension and translation of colour metaphors. The more novel and original the metaphor is, the more varied are the translation strategies used by the participants (e.g. yellow-bellied person). Differences in translation choices were obvious between translators and non-translators. Qualitative differences appeared as translators were more target culture oriented and non-translators more source culture oriented, for example.

Australian Businesses in China

2012 ◽  
pp. 13-24
Author(s):  
Mona Chung ◽  
Jane Menzies
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Relationship Building ◽  
Business Culture ◽  
Chinese Market ◽  
Chinese Business ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Business In China ◽  
Main Barrier

This paper indentifies a main barrier when doing business with China, the cultural gap, and provides the strategies that companies can use when entering the Chinese market. This empirical study examined 40 Australian organisations in their activities when entering the Chinese market. Alarmingly after 30 years of attempting to do business in China, companies are still not addressing the issue of cultural differences. Companies are also caught by surprises due to lack of preparation how large the cultural gap is between Australian and Chinese business culture. The findings of the study have important implications for businesses considering entry to China, and for Australian businesses already doing business in China. The strategies investigated include human resource strategies, dealing with Chinese staff, relationship building, getting outside support (employing consultants), learning about the culture, and adapting to the culture.

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