scholarly journals CORREÇÃO DA SODICIDADE DE DOIS SOLOS IRRIGADOS EM RESPOSTA À APLICAÇÃO DE GESSO AGRÍCOLA

Irriga ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Egeiza Moreira Leite ◽  
Lourival Ferreira Cavalcante ◽  
Adriana Araújo Diniz ◽  
Rivaldo Vital dos Santos ◽  
Gibran Da Silva Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Magnesium Content ◽  
Soil Reclamation ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium Percentage ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium ◽  
Sodic Soils ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Sodium Percentage ◽  
Irrigated Perimeter ◽  
Physical Degradation

CORREÇÃO DA SODICIDADE DE DOIS SOLOS IRRIGADOS EM RESPOSTA À APLICAÇÃO DE GESSO AGRÍCOLA  Egeiza Moreira Leite1; Lourival Ferreira Cavalcante1; Adriana Araujo Diniz1; Rivaldo Vital dos Santos2; Gibran da Silva Alves3; Italo Herbert Lucena Cavalcante41Departamento de Solos e Engenharia Rural, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia, PB, [email protected] de Engenharia Florestal, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Patos, PB3Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia, PB4Departamento de Produção Vegetal, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, SP  1 RESUMO             Uma das limitações das áreas irrigadas, nas regiões áridas e semi-áridas, ao sistema produtivo é a degradação química e física dos solos pela salinidade e sodicidade. Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito do gesso sobre a condutividade elétrica, pH, percentagem de sódio trocável, teores de cálcio, magnésio, sódio do extrato de saturação e de sódio trocável de dois solos salino-sódicos: um do Perímetro Irrigado Engenheiro Arco Verde no município de Condado-PB e o outro do Perímetro Irrigado de São Gonçalo em Sousa-PB, conduziu-se um experimento em abrigo protegido do Departamento de Solos e Engenharia Rural do CCA/UFPB, Areia, PB. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2x5 referente a dois solos e cinco doses de gesso equivalentes a 0; 3,2; 6,3; 9,4 e 12,5 g kg-1 de cada solo. Pelos resultados a incorporação do gesso exerceu efeito positivo sobre a redução da salinidade e da sodicidade dos solos. Os valores da condutividade elétrica, percentagem de sódio trocável, pH e os teores de sódio solúvel e trocável em relação aos que os solos possuíam antes da aplicação dos tratamentos, foram sensivelmente reduzidos e os de cálcio e magnésio incrementados com a incorporação do gesso em ambos os solos. UNITERMOS: salinidade, sódio trocável, recuperação de solo.  LEITE, E. M.; CAVALCANTE, L. F.; DINIZ, A. A.; SANTOS, R. V.; ALVES, G. S.; CAVALCANTE, I. H. L. SODICITY CORRECTION OF TWO IRRIGATED SOILS IN RESPONSE TO APPLICATION OF AGRICULTURAL GYPSUM  2 ABSTRACT             The chemical and physical degradation of the soils by salinity and sodicity problems constitutes a serious obstacle in productive irrigated areas in arid and semi-arid regions. An experiment was carried out in green house at the Soil and Rural Engeneering Department in the Centro de Ciências Agrárias of the Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia, Brazil, in order to evaluate the effect of gypsum on electrical conductivity, pH, exchangeable sodium percentage, sodium, calcium and magnesium content in saturation extract and exchangeable sodium of two saline-sodic soils: one from irrigated Perimeter Engenheiro Arco Verde in the municipality of Condado and another from irrigated Perimeter of São Gonçalo, in the municipality of Sousa,  both in Paraiba State,  Brazil.  The experiment factorial design 2 x 5 referred to two soils and five gypsum levels equivalent to 0; 3.2; 6.3; 9.4 and 12.5 gkg-1 for each soil. The gypsum application had positive effects on salinity and sodicity reduction. The valued for electrical conductivity, exchangeable sodium percentage, pH and contents of soluble and exchangeable sodium in relation to soil data before the application of gypsum treatments in both soils  decreased. KEYWORDS: salinity, exchangeable sodium, soil reclamation

Aggregate stability of salt-affected kaolinitic soils on the North-east Plateau, Thailand

Soil Research ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 697 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Kaewmano ◽  
I. Kheoruenromne ◽  
A. Suddhiprakarn ◽  
R. J. Gilkes
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium Percentage ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium ◽  
Sodic Soils ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Sodium Percentage

The aggregate stability of 56 salt-affected soil samples from the North-east Plateau, Thailand, was related to soil properties. The soils were Typic Natraqualfs and a Typic Endoaqualf, which are commonly used for paddy rice cultivation. The soil textures are mostly clays and clay loams with clay contents ranging from 313 to 849 g/kg. The dominant mineral in the clay fraction is kaolinite with minor smectite and traces of illite and a little quartz. Aggregate stability of these soils, measured by the wet sieving method, ranges from 3 to91%. Electrical conductivity measured by the saturation extract method ranges from 0.6 to 16.2 dS/m and exchangeable sodium percentage ranges from 5 to 31%, so that the soil samples can be variously classed as saline, sodic, saline–sodic, and normal. The soil property that is most strongly correlated with aggregate stability is pH (r = –0.84) followed by exchangeable potassium (r = +0.75), cation exchange capacity (r = +0.73), clay content (r = +0.72), extractable acidity (r = +0.66), and organic matter (r = +0.66). However contrary to much published literature, no significant relationships exist between aggregate stability and exchangeable sodium percentage, sodium adsorption ratio, or electrical conductivity. Multivariate stepwise regression analyses indicated that aggregate stability of these mostly saline–sodic soils was well predicted by a combination of soil pH and clay content, which is convenient as they are properties determined in routine soil surveys. The presence of small amounts of smectite and illite may have reduced the stability of the dominantly kaolinitic soil aggregates.

scholarly journals Salinity Status of Lajas Valley Soils

1969 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-34
Author(s):  
Juan A. Bonnet ◽  
Eduardo J. Brenes
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium Percentage ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Alkali Soils ◽  
The World ◽  
Sodium Percentage

1. The area of soils surveyed in Lajas Valley was 24,656 acres. 2. The soils were classified into normal, saline, saline-alkali, and non- saline-alkali at depths of 0 to 8, 8 to 24, 24 to 48, and 48 to 72 inches, respectively. 3. A large percentage of normal soils was found in the upper soil layer and of saline-alkali soils in the lower layers. 4. Normal soils occupied about 86 percent of the surface area to a depth of 8 inches and about 63 percent at a depth of 8 to 24 inches. 5. Soils with a salinity problem increased from 9 percent at a depth of 8 inches to 28.3, 58.8 and 68.5 percent, respectively, at depths of 8 to 24, 24 to 48, and 48 to 72 inches. 6. The soils with a salinity problem were largely of the saline-alkali class. 7. In four soil-profile samples taken from Lajas Valley, the saturation percentage varied from 58 to 191, the electrical conductivity from 0.8 to 28.4 millimhos per centimeter, the exchangeable-sodium percentage from 2.2 to 46.0, the soil pH from 8.1 to 8.9, the content of gypsum from 0 to 21.9 tons per acre-foot, the gypsum requirement from 0 to 23.8 tons per acre-foot, and the hydraulic conductivity from less than 0.005 to 6.24 inches of water per hour. Higher gypsum contents were found in the deep subsoil layers of two soils (profiles 1 and 4). Amounts of gypsum varying from 9.9 to 20.3 tons per acre-foot of depth, are required for the reclamation of the surface layers of these two profiles. In general, the hydraulic- conductivity values show that the soil-surface layers are more permeable than the subsoil layers. 8. The procedure and methods used in this paper were found to be accurate, simple, rapid, and practical. They are recommended for the coordination of data related to the classification and reclamation of soils affected by salinity problems in the different countries of the world.

scholarly journals WATER SALINITY USED FOR IRRIGATION IN THE MARINS STREAM WATERSHED, BRAZIL

Irriga ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Ariovaldo Antonio Tadeu Lucas ◽  
Marcos Vinicius Folegatti ◽  
Sérgio Nascimento Duarte ◽  
Simone Cristina de Oliveira Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Sodium Adsorption Ratio ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium Percentage ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium ◽  
Sodium Percentage

WATER SALINITY USED FOR IRRIGATION IN THE MARINS STREAM WATERSHED, BRAZIL  ARIOVALDO ANTONIO TADEU LUCAS1; MARCOS VINICIUS FOLEGATTI2; SÉRGIO NASCIMENTO DUARTE2 E SIMONE CRISTINA DE OLIVEIRA LUCAS3 1Professor Doutor, Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, UFS, [email protected] Doutor, Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, ESALQ, [email protected], [email protected] em Biotecnologia de Recursos Naturais, Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia, Núcleo Universidade Federal de Sergipe, UFS, [email protected]     1 ABSTRACT Water quality is vital to human activities and irrigation is an activity that uses an accentuated volume of this natural resource. An alternative is the use of water with a salinity level that does not cause damage to plants and the environment. This study aimed to assess the salinity of water used for irrigation of vegetables in Ribeirão dos Marins watershed. The water electrical conductivity, Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) and the Exchangeable Sodium Percentage were obtained using the AquaChem program. Water samples used were collected in 2005, and chemical and physical parameters were assessed. Results showed that region three presented risk to salinization, but overall it is possible to conclude that salinity of the water basin has low risk of salinity. Keywords: soil, water quality, vegetables  LUCAS, A.A.T.; FOLEGATTI, M.V.; DUARTE, S.N.; LUCAS, S.C. de O.SALINIDADE DA ÁGUA USADA PARA IRRIGAÇÃO NA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIBEIRÃO DOS MARINS, BRASIL     2 RESUMO A qualidade da água é vital para as atividades humanas e a irrigação é uma atividade que utiliza um volume acentuado deste recurso natural. Uma alternativa é a utilização de águas salobras, mas com um nível de salinidade que não cause danos às plantas e ao ambiente. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a salinidade da água utilizada para irrigação de hortaliças na bacia do córrego Marins. A condutividade elétrica da água, a Razão de Adsorção de Sódio (RAS) e a porcentagem de sódio trocável foram obtidos usando o programa AquaChem. As amostras de água utilizadas foram coletadas em 2005, quando foram avaliados os parâmetros químicos e físicos. Os resultados mostraram que em apenas uma região existe risco de salinização; mas no geral, é possível concluir que a salinidade da água da bacia é de baixo risco. Palavras-chave: solo, qualidade da água, hortaliças

Risk of salinization and sodification of irrigated soils in the Lerma River basin

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
José Pedro Pérez-Díaz ◽  
Héctor Manuel Ortega-Escobar ◽  
Carlos Ramírez-Ayala ◽  
Héctor Flores-Magdaleno ◽  
Edgar Iván Sánchez-Bernal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
River Water ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Sodium Adsorption Ratio ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium Percentage ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium ◽  
Sodium Percentage ◽  
Irrigated Soils

Factors as agricultural development, the presence of important industrial centers and a population of more than 15 million inhabitants in the Lerma River basin generate wastewaters which are poured into the Lerma River course. This study was carried out to evaluate the quality of the Lerma River water and to estimate the risk of salinization and sodification of the irrigated soils in the basin. Electrical conductivity (EC) was less than 1.252 dS m-1 and water was classified as bicarbonated-sodic, with a medium-low risk of salinity-sodicity (C2-S1, C3-S1). The minimum and maximum sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) values were 2.80 mmol L-1 and 7.63 mmol L-1, and the estimated maximum exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) was 11.42. Based on the results of this research, the Lerma River water may induce salinization and sodification processes in the irrigated soils.

scholarly journals Degree of Reclamation of a Saline-Sodic Soil in Lajas Valley, Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-171
Author(s):  
G. Acevedo Ramos ◽  
J. A. Bonnet ◽  
J. Ortiz Vélez
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium Percentage ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium ◽  
Soluble Salts ◽  
Sodic Soils ◽  
Soil Extracts ◽  
Sodium Percentage ◽  
Different Depths

In Lajas Valley, in southwestern Puerto Rico, there is a rather large portion of saline-sodic soils. These require reclamation if normal plant growth is to be sustained by them. A field experiment was initiated including six treatments: Two identical checks, and treatments with bagasse, bagasse-calcium chloride, sulfur, and bagasse-sulfur. The experimental plots were flooded periodically with fresh water. Soil samples were collected at different depths and analyzed to study the removal of soluble salts and exchangeable sodium. Data reported include values for electrical conductivity (EC) of soil extracts and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) in the soil. Results so far obtained in the reclamation experiment may be summarized as follows: 1, Application of 94 inches of water up to the maximum used to date tends to lower the soluble salts and the soil exchangeable sodium, regardless of treatment differentials. 2, The removal of the soluble salts and the reduction in exchangeable sodium were less effective in the lower layers of the soil. 3, Sulfur and calcium chloride tend to be more effective in lowering the exchangeable sodium percentage in the colloids of the surface layer of the soil. 4, There is need of a chemical amendment in addition to water and drainage if the exchangeable sodium percentage in the soil is to be lowered effectively.

scholarly journals Hydraulic conductivity in response to exchangeable sodium percentage and solution salt concentration

Revista CERES ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 715-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jefferson Luiz de Aguiar Paes ◽  
Hugo Alberto Ruiz ◽  
Raphael Bragança Alves Fernandes ◽  
Maria Betânia Galvão dos Santos Freire ◽  
Maria de Fatima Cavalcanti Barros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium Percentage ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium ◽  
Soluble Salts ◽  
Electrical Conductivities ◽  
Sodium Percentage ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Salt Affected Soils

Hydraulic conductivity is determined in laboratory assays to estimate the flow of water in saturated soils. However, the results of this analysis, when using distilled or deionized water, may not correspond to field conditions in soils with high concentrations of soluble salts. This study therefore set out to determine the hydraulic conductivity in laboratory conditions using solutions of different electrical conductivities in six soils representative of the State of Pernambuco, with the exchangeable sodium percentage adjusted in the range of 5-30%. The results showed an increase in hydraulic conductivity with both decreasing exchangeable sodium percentage and increasing electrical conductivity in the solution. The response to the treatments was more pronounced in soils with higher proportion of more active clays. Determination of hydraulic conductivity in laboratory is routinely performed with deionized or distilled water. However, in salt affected soils, these determinations should be carried out using solutions of electrical conductivity different from 0 dS m-1, with values close to those determined in the saturation extracts.

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