scholarly journals How Can Money Conquer France? On the Question about the Monetary Policy of King Henry V in 1415–1422

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4 (202)) ◽  
pp. 97-111
Author(s):  
Oleg I. Nuzhdin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Political Struggle ◽  
Monetary Reform ◽  
Henry V ◽  
Sharp Drop ◽  
French Economy ◽  
Qualified Personnel ◽  
French And English ◽  
English Politics

This article studies the peculiarities of the monetary policy of English king Henry V in the territories of the Kingdom of France occupied by him between 1415 and 1422. The purpose of the study is to establish its influence on the state of finance in France and, first of all, on the sharp depreciation of silver money following the defeat. Within the framework of English politics, two stages can be clearly traced: the first one lasted from 1415 to 1420, when monetary policy was indirect in nature, influencing the French economy by the fact of conquest and becoming an additional factor in the aggravation of the domestic political struggle, and the other one lasted from 1420 to 1422 and was connected with the intention of Henry V as regent of the Kingdom of France, to bring the financial system into relative order. The author refers to French and English chronicles, The Diary of a Parisian Citizen, as well as the ordinances of the kings of France, which reflected the peculiarities of the monetary policy, more particularly, changes in the exchange rate and weight of silver coins and attempts to carry out reforms. The study carried out makes it possible to find out that the depreciation of the French silver coin was associated with the beginning of the British conquest of Normandy and the transfer of mints located there. A sharp drop in the money rate occurred after the transfer of Paris into the hands of the Burgundians and the formation in the fall of 1418 of an independent financial administration in the south of France under the control of the dauphin. On the contrary, some stabilisation followed the conclusion of the Treaty of Troyes, and the General States adopted a course towards reforms in December 1420. The author determines the stages of the reform and the reasons for its delay. These include: the lack of control over all the mints of the kingdom, the lack of coin metal and the required number of qualified personnel. Finally, the premature death of Henry V in the summer of 1422 did not allow the completion of the monetary reform.

Whose Saint Crispins Day Is It?: Shoemaking, Holiday Making, and the Politics of Memory in Early Modern England

2001 ◽  
Vol 54 (4-Part2) ◽  
pp. 1467-1494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison A. Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern England ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Julius Caesar ◽  
Henry V ◽  
Politics Of Memory ◽  
Early Modern English ◽  
English Politics

This article demonstrates an early modern association between the trade of shoemaking and the act of altering the festal calendar. It traces this link through a series of sixteenth- and seventeenth-century English literary texts including Thomas Deloney's Gentle Craft, Thomas Dekker's Shoemaker's Holiday, and Shakespeare's Julius Caesar and — most notably — Henry V. The article argues that the depictions of cobblers making holidays resonated with the early modern English politics of ritual observance, and its concluding discussion of the Saint Crispin's Day speech in Henry V shows how the play imagines king and cobblers vying for control of England's commemorative practice.

THE FISCAL AND ECONOMIC POLICY OF THE RUSSIAN MINISTER OF FINANCE S. Y. VITTE AND CRITICISM OF IT FROM S. F. SHARAPOV (XIX – BEGINNING OF XX CENTURY)

2018 ◽  
pp. 326-335
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav Y. Baybikov
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
The State ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Monetary Reform ◽  
Railway Line ◽  
Rail Network ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fiscal And Monetary Policy

Introduction. In 1842 Russian Finance Ministry was leaded by S. Y. Vitte. On his initiative serious economic reforms were carried out: the implementation of monetary reform, the construction of Siberian railway line and the adoption of the new statutes of the State Bank. However, the fiscal and monetary policy of S. Y. Vitte had its supporters as well as its opponents. Among those who were against the measures taken by S. Y. Vitte a well known (in those days) economist and publicist S. F. Sharapov, who especially defended the rights of the peasantry and argued that the development of Russian economy was different from the way of Eastern Europe. Materias and Methods. Despite many publications on this topic there has not been yet full research on the reorganizations undertaken by S. Y. Vitte and the alternative models put forward by his opponents and which specific direction of the fiscal and monetary policy were criticized. The aim of the given article is the analysis of the major reforms made by S. Y. Vitte, the critique on the part of his adversaries and familiarizing with the alternative suggestions. One can best understand it on the economic activity of S. F. Sharapov, who was the main opponent of most of the reorganizations. Results and Discussion. Among the main directions of the policy carried out by Finance Ministry in 1892–1903 one can single out the following: the preparation and implementation of monetary reform, which became the cornerstone of Vitte economic policy and the construction of railroads. Monetary reform was conducted gradually during 1895–1897. At the moment of its preparation S. F. Sharapov severely criticized the fiscal policy carried out by S. Y. Vitte. Unlike the supporters of the metal money circulation, he considered that the basis of the monetary system of Russia must be a paper rouble, which was pegged neither to gold nor to silver. S. F. Sharapov also came out against the wide range of the construction of railroads. In spite of the popularity of his ideas in the Russian society S. F. Sharapov did not get the support of the representatives of the main socio-political tendencies. There turned out to be more supporters of monetary reform and economic reorganizations. Conclusion. As for the monetary reform – the most important event in the activity of S. Y. Vitte – there is still a difference of opinion who was right: the supporters of introducing gold standard in Russia or its opponents “the nominalists” remains an open question. In 1898 summing up the results of the economic reform S. Y. Vitte ascertained that “money supply in Russia has been put to order and has been performing as soundly as in those states, where this branch of economy has long been in perfect order”. Subsequent events confirmed that “the nominalists” might have been right. Nowadays world monetary systems do not foresee the exchange of monetary units for gold and currencies are not pegged at the exchange rate of gold. The era of gold standard has come to an end and at present exchange rates and the stability of a monetary unit of this or that country depend on the state of the economy of this country. As far as railroad construction is concerned it should justly be noted, that a great deal of railroads as well as the construction of factories and plants in the whole world has caused damage to the environment as was foretold by S. F. Sharapov. Yet, when the territory of Russia was covered by rail network it resulted in a transfer of economic and cultural centres – cities through which railroads were laid began to develop rapidly and the cities without railroad connection started falling into decay. Thus Russia changed greatly.

scholarly journals THE ESTIMATION OF INFLUENCE OF THE SHARP OIL PRICES REDUCTION AND SANCTIONS ON THE DYNAMICS OF RUSSIAN CRUCIAL MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 228-236
Author(s):  
Yuriy A. Dzyuba ◽  
Dmitriy V. Kolyuzhnov
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Sharp Drop ◽  
Negative Contribution ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
Policy Shocks ◽  
Effect Of Monetary Policy ◽  
Historical Decomposition ◽  
Household Preferences ◽  
The Impact

This article provides a brief analysis of the impact of various macroeconomic shocks caused by the sanctions regime and the sharp drop in oil prices from 2014 to 2018. The authors identified shocks that greater extent provoked a GDP decline and inflation increase using the constructed DSGE-model of the Russian economy and the obtained historical decomposition for the quarterly growth rates of the investigated macro-indicators. According to calculations, the inflation growth from 2014 to 2015 can be interpreted as the sum of the adverse effects from the change in household preferences, the shock in oil prices, and the negative contribution of the stabilizing monetary policy. The observed GDP decline from the second quarter of 2014 to the third quarter of 2015 is explained by the synergistic effect of monetary policy shocks and a sharp drop in oil prices.

Politics and the Urban Sector in Fifteenth-Century England, 1413-1471

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliza Hartrich
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Medieval England ◽  
Henry V ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Urban Sector ◽  
Medieval Italy ◽  
Wars Of The Roses ◽  
Late Medieval England ◽  
English Politics

Since the work of K.B. McFarlane in the mid-twentieth century, political histories of late medieval England have focused almost exclusively on the relationship between the Crown and aristocratic landholders. Such studies, however, neglect to consider that England after the Black Death was an urbanizing society. Towns not only were the residence of a rising proportion of the population, but were also the stages on which power was asserted and the places where financial and military resources were concentrated. Outside London, however, most English towns were small compared to those found in medieval Italy or Flanders, and it has been easy for historians to under-estimate their ability to influence English politics. Politics and the Urban Sector in Fifteenth-Century England, 1413–1471 offers a new approach for evaluating the role of urban society inthe political culture of late medieval England. Rather than focusing on English towns individually, it creates a model for assessing the political might that could be exerted by towns collectively as an ‘urban sector’. Based on primary sources from twenty-two towns (ranging from metropolis of London to the tiny Kentish town of Lydd), Politics and the Urban Sector demonstrates how fluctuations in inter-urban relationships affected the content, pace, and language of English politics during the tumultuous fifteenth century. Chapter 1 identifies the different types of links that towns formed with one another and with other members of political society. Chapters 2–5 are arranged chronologically, demonstrating the ways in which the frequent twists and turns of fifteenth-century ‘high politics’—from the reign of Henry V to the Wars of the Roses—were a reflection of the ever-shifting relationships between towns.

A Country Divided? English Politics and the Nine Years' War

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-74
Author(s):  
Robert D. McJimsey
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
War And Peace ◽  
Political Struggle ◽  
Louis Xiv ◽  
Proper Role ◽  
Grand Alliance ◽  
No Man's Land ◽  
William Iii ◽  
English Politics

The accession of William III began a revolution in English foreign policy. Under the Dutch king's auspices England joined a Grand Alliance against the France of Louis XIV and shouldered the burdens of a principal partner in a major continental war. Not only did the war place grave financial strains upon the state; the formulation, administration, and execution of war policy also became areas of continual concern. These concerns combined to raise general questions about England's proper role in European affairs and about the proper application of English power in service of those interests. They also cast William III and the politicians into a constitutional no-man's land in which the royal monopoly over war and peace had to contest with the need to secure annual supplies. It has been the historian's task to explain how William III's “continental commitment” to land warfare, alliances, and defense of European liberties survived this political struggle.

scholarly journals On Witnessing a Riot

Lateral ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Brooks ◽  
Michael Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Media Studies ◽  
Black Studies ◽  
Affect Theory ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Embodied Experience ◽  
Political Struggle ◽  
Public Health Systems ◽  
Racial Biases

In the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, the murder of George Floyd by Minneapolis police has sparked protests and riots around the world. The policing of the pandemic reveals the racial biases inherent to law enforcement and state-led discipline, laying bare ongoing infrastructural inequalities that render racialized subjects more vulnerable to premature death at the hands of police and public health systems alike. With the video embedded in the article, we guide readers through thirty-nine seconds of rioting in Los Angeles on May 31, 2020, shot on a mobile phone and circulated virally on Twitter. The affected body of the witness indexes both the intensity of the event and the embodied experience of the witness, establishing a relation between the two. The experiential aesthetics of the video exceeds the content and this affectivity circulates with its mediation and movement through networked platforms. Such forms of affective witnessing allow for an attunement to political struggle that occurs through what Hortense Spillers would call the analytic of the flesh. Thinking at the intersection of Black studies, affect theory, and media studies, we argue that the flesh is an affective register crucial to the building of global anti-racist solidarities towards abolition.

Imperfect Knowledge and Monetary Policy

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vítor Gaspar ◽  
Otmar Issing ◽  
Oreste Tristani ◽  
David Vestin
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Imperfect Knowledge
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