scholarly journals Doctoral Students’ Academic Supervision: A Systematic Review of Approaches to Conceptualization and Empirical Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-61
Author(s):  
A. V. Grigoryeva ◽  
E. A. Terentev
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Doctoral Students ◽  
Doctoral Student ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Distributed Model ◽  
Academic World ◽  
Student Centered ◽  
Key Points

The article presents a systematic review of theoretical and methodological approaches to the conceptualization and empirical study of doctoral students’ supervision. Three approaches (mentoring, doctoral student-centered, and environmental) are distinguished depending on the main responsibility for the result. The mentoring approach attributes the responsibility for the result to the supervisor. This approach is generally associated with the so-called «apprentice model», which understands the doctoral student as a «neophyte» introduced to the academic world by the supervisor. The doctoral student-centered approach is characterized by imposing the responsibility mainly on the doctoral student. This approach assumes a more active role of the doctoral student and goes back to the models of student-centered pedagogy. The environmental approach focuses on studying the role of the environment and on the issues related to the academic and social integration of doctoral students. All these approaches notably have a number of limitations due to their concentration on certain factors of the educational process and less attention to the dynamic and relative nature of various aspects of academic supervision and its relationship with the effectiveness of doctoral training. There is substantiated the importance of developing a relational approach, which would synthesize the key points of the three approaches considered, and assume a distributed model of responsibility within the academic supervision. As it understands «learning alliances» more broadly than pairs or teams of scientific supervisors and graduate students, this approach focuses not only on the activity of individual actors, but also on the system of relationships between them.

scholarly journals The cypsela (achene) of Echinacea purpurea as a diffusion unit of a community of microorganisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 105 (7) ◽  
pp. 2951-2965
Author(s):  
Massimiliano Cardinale ◽  
Marian Viola ◽  
Elisangela Miceli ◽  
Teresa Faddetta ◽  
Anna Maria Puglia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Echinacea Purpurea ◽  
Endophytic Microorganisms ◽  
Host Membrane ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Endophytic Bacterial Community ◽  
Pharmaceutical Properties ◽  
Stimulation Of

AbstractEchinacea purpurea is a plant cultivated worldwide for its pharmaceutical properties, mainly related to the stimulation of the immune system in the treatment of respiratory infections. The cypselas (fruits) of E. purpurea were examined in order to investigate the presence, localization and potential function(s) of endophytic microorganisms. Electron and confocal microscopy observations showed that three different components of microorganisms were associated to cypselas of E. purpurea: (i) one endocellular bacterial component in the cotyledons, enclosed within the host membrane; (ii) another more generic bacterial component adhering to the external side of the perianth; and (iii) a fungal component inside the porous layer of the perianth, the woody and porous modified residual of the flower, in the form of numerous hyphae able to cross the wall between adjacent cells. Isolated bacteria were affiliated to the genera Paenibacillus, Pantoea, and Sanguibacter. Plate tests showed a general resistance to six different antibiotics and also to an antimicrobial-producing Rheinheimera sp. test strain. Finally, microbiome-deprived E. purpurea seeds showed a reduced ability to germinate, suggesting an active role of the microbiome in the plant vitality. Our results suggest that the endophytic bacterial community of E. purpurea, previously found in roots and stem/leaves, might be already carried at the seed stage, hosted by the cotyledons. A further microbial fungal component is transported together with the seed in the perianth of the cypsela, whose remarkable structure may be considered as an adaptation for fungal transportation, and could influence the capability of the seed to germinate in the soil.Key Points• The fruit of Echinacea purpurea contains fungi not causing any damage to the plant.• The seed cotyledons contain endocellular bacteria.• Seed/fruit deprived of the microbiome showed a reduced ability to germinate.

The role of conferences in doctoral student socialization

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliya Kuzhabekova ◽  
Aizhan Temerbayeva
Keyword(s):  
Doctoral Students ◽  
Professional Socialization ◽  
Doctoral Student ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Conference Attendance ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Student Socialization ◽  
Doctoral Student Socialization

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the role scholarly conferences play in professional socialization of doctoral students.Design/methodology/approachUsing data from 20 interviews on conference experiences of student attendees of a North American conference in social sciences, as well as on the conference experiences of students from various disciplines at a private research intensive university in the USA, the authors explored how research identity of doctoral students change over time as result of participation in conferences, how the process of socialization is shaped by advisers and peers and how the experiences vary depending on the characteristics of the participants.FindingsThe authors found that conferences play an important role in socialization, and the effect from conference attendance increases with the number of conferences attended. The study also showed that students undergo several stages in the process of their socialization, throughout which they develop greater agency and independence as scholars, as well as a more positive image of themselves as researchers, and become more strategic in their behavior. The results also point to the key role of adviser and peers in the process of socialization, whereby the former can provide direction and orientation, while the latter may offer support and opportunities for mutual learning or future collaboration. The authors also found a notable difference in the support provided by advisers between teaching and research-oriented universities.Originality/valueThe paper applies doctoral student socialization theory to the analysis of informal doctoral experiences outside the program of study.

What’s your type? An examination of first-year doctoral student motivation

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-387
Author(s):  
Africa S. Hands
Keyword(s):  
Doctoral Students ◽  
Student Motivation ◽  
Academic Motivation ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Doctoral Student ◽  
Autonomous Motivation ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Motivational Support

Educators often ask how to motivate PhD students. Before addressing how to motivate students, we should know what motivates prospective doctoral students. Motivational support has been shown to lead to overall satisfaction with the educational process, better engagement, and persistence. Using the interdisciplinary field of library and information science, this research offers insight on doctoral student motivation through quantitative analysis of results from administration of the Academic Motivation Scale. The instrument measures and classifies motivation from the perspective of self-determination theory. Results suggest PhD students are motivated by several types of intrinsic motivation as well as identified regulation, a type of extrinsic yet autonomous motivation. Findings can be used by program administrators, faculty, and other stakeholders to address the “how” of motivation through better alignment of teaching practices, research activities, and student services based on students’ motivation types.

Drug Education: A Re-Evaluation

1971 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Miller
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Drug Education ◽  
Student Centered

The following is the description of an educational gamble. Even before Dewey, educators have wanted to involve students in the educational process. Drug use by students has catapulted educators into the need to cooperate with students in the development and execution of meaningful curricula in health education. Based on this need to re-evaluate health education methodology the Carmel Central Schools embarked on a student centered, created and executed program. Students were trained to develop a curriculum and teach it. These students also trained selected leaders in each health class to run their own micro-group discussion. The role of the teacher became that of a resource person.

scholarly journals Doctoral students’ professional identity: Psychosocial antecedents of those who work in practice

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-09
Author(s):  
Kovalcikiene Kristina ◽  
Buksnyte-Marmiene Loreta
Keyword(s):  
Professional Identity ◽  
Doctoral Students ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Doctoral Student ◽  
Role Identity ◽  
Internet Survey ◽  
Perceived Support ◽  
Doctoral Programmes ◽  
Practical Implications

The main goal for doctoral student is to acquire the identity of a researcher. However, doctoral student also performs other professional roles, such as a teacher or practitioner. The purpose of this paper is to reveal the psychological and social factors that are important for the practitioner’s role identity of doctoral students. The sample consisted of 494 doctoral students from 22 higher education institutions in Lithuania. Internet survey was conducted. The analysis of structural equation modelling revealed that perceived support of family and friends, conscientiousness and lower neuroticism are important for practitioner’s role identity. In addition, if a doctoral student has a tendency to experience negative emotions (sadness, anger, guilt, etc.), a greater perceived support from employer helps to internalise the professional role of a practitioner. This study has practical implications for doctoral students, organisers of doctoral programmes, career counsellors, employers and universities.   Keywords: Professional identity, doctoral student, practitioner, role identity.    

scholarly journals THEORY AND PRACTICE IN TEACHING ENGLISH ECONOMICSVOCABULARY

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Daliana Ecaterina Tascovici
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Teaching English ◽  
Key Points

The present paper proposes to speak about teaching English economics vocabulary. So, at first, we make references to the key points and the issues which are raised by teaching and learning specific vocabulary: learners usually select the words they want to achieve; once learned, words move between active to passive status; one of teachers’ activities is to help students remember the acquired vocabulary; teachers should provide the correct exposure to words and opportunities for learners to practice them. Secondly, we will study examples of economics vocabulary teaching and show how discovery techniques can aid vocabulary acquisition.In the end we draw the conclusions, showing the importance and the active role of the discovery techniques in teaching English vocabulary.

scholarly journals The Learner-Centered Syllabus: From Theory to Practice in Allied Health Education

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly Peer ◽  
Malissa Martin
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Training ◽  
Allied Health ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Learning Paradigm ◽  
Allied Health Education ◽  
Student Centered ◽  
Student Centered Learning ◽  
Learner Centered

The national focus in higher education in shifting from the instructional to the learning paradigm where the emphasis on student-centered learning is of paramount importance. Instructional paradigms focus on “providing instruction” with distinct emphasis on the role of the teacher. Under this structure, students are typically passive listeners and the instructor is the center of teaching and instruction. The learning paradigm, on the other hand, focuses on the outcomes of the educational process thereby “facilitating learning”. The role of the student is one of an active participant who is encouraged to become engaged in the learning process through various interactive activities facilitated by the instructor. The learning paradigm strives to produce an empowered, informed, and responsible student by putting the student at the center of the classroom. This learner-centered process theoretically embraces continued improvement in the quality of learning. The learner-centered syllabus is a productive tool that can facilitate this transformation from teaching to learner-centered classrooms. The purpose of this manuscript is to integrate theory into practice as faculty shift towards more learner-centered practices. Deeply rooted in the literature, this manuscript provides suggestions for the implementation of a learner-centered syllabus from a specialized allied health care perspective – athletic training. A brief overview of student-centered learning theory coupled with a framework for constructing a syllabus that fosters an environment which focuses on learning is presented. Particular emphasis is placed upon successful implementation and integration of the syllabus throughout the entire semester to promote student success.

scholarly journals Implementation of a student-centered approach in blended learning in a higher educational institution

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 00112
Author(s):  
Zh V Smirnova ◽  
O I Vaganova ◽  
E A Eltanskaya ◽  
V G Lizunkov ◽  
L K Parsieva
Keyword(s):  
Blended Learning ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Student Centered ◽  
Starting Conditions ◽  
E Learning ◽  
State Educational

The competence approach and e-learning have changed the role of the teacher in the student's life. In the article, the authors reveal the essence and features of this type of training (mixed). The authors consider the development of a student-centred approach. It is noted that working with the whole group, the teacher organizes the work of each, creating the conditions for the development of students' personal opportunities. Since with the entry into force of the new requirements of the Federal state educational standards, a qualitatively new relationship between the student and the teacher has appeared, the identification of their features and the determination of their role in the educational process have become particularly relevant. The article pays attention to the model of the teacher's activity within the framework of student-centred education and its main elements are noted. The authors identified features of blended learning and tools of electronic platforms that support the development of subject-subject relations between students and teachers. The authors emphasize the need to ensure equal starting conditions for the study of the discipline as a whole and suggest principles that should be followed when implementing the studentcentred approach within the framework of blended learning.

scholarly journals What to teach to patients with heart failure and why: the role of nurses in heart failure clinics

2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eneida Rejane Rabelo ◽  
Graziella Badin Aliti ◽  
Fernanda Bandeira Domingues ◽  
Karen Brasil Ruschel ◽  
Anelise de Oliveira Brun
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Multidisciplinary Teams ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Patients With Heart Failure ◽  
Systematic Education ◽  
Education Process

The most important objective of heart failure (HF) treatment is to reach and preserve patients' clinical stability. Several studies have shown that programs aimed at systematic education, developed by multidisciplinary teams, are positive strategies to work with these patients. Nurses active in HF clinics play a fundamental role in the educational process and continuity of patient care. The objectives of these processes are to teach, reinforce, improve and constantly evaluate patients' self-care abilities, which include weight monitoring, sodium and fluid restrictions, physical activities, regular medication use, monitoring signs and symptoms of disease worsening and early search for medical care. Therefore, education to understand HF and the development of self-care abilities are considered key points to improve adherence, avoid decompensation crises and, consequently, to maintain patients clinically stable. This article presents a careful review of the aspects involved in the patient education process by nurses in the context of HF clinics.

Conclusion

2021 ◽  
pp. 216-220
Author(s):  
Matilda Greig
Keyword(s):  
Publishing Industry ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Peninsular War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Material History ◽  
War Experiences ◽  
War Memoirs ◽  
Modern War

This concluding chapter provides a summary of the key points made in the book. It emphasises that a new methodology is needed for analysing Napoleonic war memoirs, and indeed war memoirs in general, one which includes a closer consideration of the active role of veterans as authors, the material history of the book, and a comparative, transnational approach. Seen through these lenses, Peninsular War veterans’ autobiographies and the commercial publishing industry that developed around them over the nineteenth century are responsible for shaping the modern war memoir, and for laying the foundations for the mass popular appeal of tales of soldiers’ war experiences today.

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