scholarly journals City Place Names and their Modification in Child Speech

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-138
Author(s):  
Tatiana A. Kruglyakova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Local History ◽  
Memory And Attention ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
Real Life Data ◽  
Language Norms ◽  
Semantic Awareness ◽  
Children's Speech ◽  
Everyday Communication

The anthropocentric focus of contemporary linguistic research highlights the specificity of individual linguistic worldview which includes a personal sense of toponymy. The studies discussing the ways that toponymic concepts are apprehended, memorized, and retrieved from memory are usually based on experimental data. But looking at irregular changes that toponyms may receive in individual speech is no less informative. Children’s speech proves the most valuable source for this, since it is less bound to the language norms of everyday communication, which makes the modifications more distinct. The author uses a collection (more than 170 items) of St.-Petersburg toponym modifications from children of 3–11 years old, drawing some conclusions about the peculiarities of their auditory perception (the role of individual frequency, phonemic and supra-phonemic word features in building semantic awareness, the specificity of phoneme patterns recognition by children and the processes of etymologizing and rethinking the internal form of the word), memorizing and storing information (the study of the child’s vocabulary connections and semantization of words including proper and common nouns; making up words and grammatical forms in the course of their multiple reproduction). Analysis of this real-life data brings clarity over some structural and functional aspects of individual linguistic systems and their speech manifestations. The information obtained can be used for creating child’s speech, memory, and attention training programs, as well as for studies in local history.

scholarly journals A teaching tool about the fickle p value and other statistical principles based on real-life data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salem Alawbathani ◽  
Mehreen Batool ◽  
Jan Fleckhaus ◽  
Sarkawt Hamad ◽  
Floyd Hassenrück ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Real Data ◽  
P Value ◽  
Life Data ◽  
Real Life Data ◽  
Random Samples ◽  
Poor Understanding ◽  
The Impact

AbstractA poor understanding of statistical analysis has been proposed as a key reason for lack of replicability of many studies in experimental biomedicine. While several authors have demonstrated the fickleness of calculated p values based on simulations, we have experienced that such simulations are difficult to understand for many biomedical scientists and often do not lead to a sound understanding of the role of variability between random samples in statistical analysis. Therefore, we as trainees and trainers in a course of statistics for biomedical scientists have used real data from a large published study to develop a tool that allows scientists to directly experience the fickleness of p values. A tool based on a commonly used software package was developed that allows using random samples from real data. The tool is described and together with the underlying database is made available. The tool has been tested successfully in multiple other groups of biomedical scientists. It can also let trainees experience the impact of randomness, sample sizes and choice of specific statistical test on measured p values. We propose that live exercises based on real data will be more impactful in the training of biomedical scientists on statistical concepts.

Evolutionary Driver Scheduling with Relief Chains

2001 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond S. K. Kwan ◽  
Ann S. K. Kwan ◽  
Anthony Wren
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Scheduling Problems ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Driver Scheduling ◽  
Real Life Data ◽  
Construction Heuristic ◽  
Problem Instances

Public transport driver scheduling problems are well known to be NP-hard. Although some mathematically based methods are being used in the transport industry, there is room for improvement. A hybrid approach incorporating a genetic algorithm (GA) is presented. The role of the GA is to derive a small selection of good shifts to seed a greedy schedule construction heuristic. A group of shifts called a relief chain is identi-fied and recorded. The relief chain is then inherited by the offspring and used by the GA for schedule construction. The new approach has been tested using real-life data sets, some of which represent very large problem instances. The results are generally better than those compiled by experienced schedulers and are comparable to solutions found by integer linear programming (ILP). In some cases, solutions were obtained when the ILP failed within practical computational limits.

scholarly journals Contribution of Janus-Kinase/Signal Transduction Activator of Transcription Pathway in the Pathogenesis of Vasculitis: A Possible Treatment Target in the Upcoming Future

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Bursi ◽  
Giacomo Cafaro ◽  
Carlo Perricone ◽  
Ilenia Riccucci ◽  
Santina Calvacchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Signal Transduction Pathway ◽  
Janus Kinase ◽  
Jak Inhibitors ◽  
Treatment Target ◽  
Real Life Data ◽  
Wide Range

Janus-kinase (JAK) and signal transduction activator of transcription (STAT) signal transduction pathway is involved in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes, including in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases. Data supporting the role of JAK/STAT in the development of vasculitis are limited and mostly focused on large vessel vasculitis and Behçet’s disease. In this review, we provide a thorough picture of currently available evidence on the topic, gathered from in vitro experiments, animal models and human real-life data, analyzing the rationale for the use of JAK inhibitors for the management of vasculitis. Overall, despite a very strong biological and pathogenic basis, data are too few to recommend this therapeutic approach, beyond very severe and refractory forms of vasculitis. However, for the same reasons, a strong scientific effort in this direction is indeed worthwhile.

Neuropsychology in the Real World

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 233-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Peper ◽  
Simone N. Loeffler
Keyword(s):  
Neuropsychological Assessment ◽  
Real World ◽  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Context Sensitive ◽  
Traditional Assessment ◽  
Life Data ◽  
Real Life Data ◽  
Assessment And Treatment

Current ambulatory technologies are highly relevant for neuropsychological assessment and treatment as they provide a gateway to real life data. Ambulatory assessment of cognitive complaints, skills and emotional states in natural contexts provides information that has a greater ecological validity than traditional assessment approaches. This issue presents an overview of current technological and methodological innovations, opportunities, problems and limitations of these methods designed for the context-sensitive measurement of cognitive, emotional and behavioral function. The usefulness of selected ambulatory approaches is demonstrated and their relevance for an ecologically valid neuropsychology is highlighted.

The epidemiology of thyroid cancer within a center of excellence in Athens: Real life data

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni Pantazi ◽  
Alexios Travlos ◽  
Evaggelia Vogiatzi ◽  
Ifigenia Kostoglou-Athanassiou
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Life Data ◽  
Center Of Excellence ◽  
Real Life Data
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