scholarly journals Associations of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes with ophthalmic diseases in a population sample over 55 years old

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 2886
Author(s):  
A. O. Direev ◽  
I. V. Munts ◽  
E. S. Mazurenko ◽  
M. Yu. Shapkina ◽  
A. N. Ryabikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Carotid Atherosclerosis ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Hypertensive Retinopathy ◽  
Multivariate Models ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Ophthalmic Diseases

Aim. To study associations of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes (T2D) with ophthalmic diseases in a population sample of men and women from middle to old age (Novosibirsk).Material and methods. The population cohort was initially studied in 2003-2005 (n=9360, 45-69 years old, Novosibirsk, the Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial factors in Eastern Europe (HAPIEE) project). At the second survey (2015-2017) in a random subsample (n=1011), the following ophthalmic diseases were identified: hypertensive retinopathy (HR), diabetic retinopathy (DR), cataract, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), optic disc abnormalities, etc.Results. The prevalence of HR signs in persons with and without hypertension (HTN) was 81 and 46%, respectively (p<0,001). This association persisted regardless of other factors (odds ratio, 2,27 (95% confidence interval: 1,78-4,17). The prevalence of AMD, cataract and DR increased in HTN, but associations were largely explained by metabolic factors in multivariate models. People with T2D more often than without T2D had signs of DR (9,3 vs 0,4%, p<0,001), AMD (22 vs 17%, p=0,042) and glaucoma (14 vs 7%, p=0,001). Associations of T2D with DR and glaucoma persisted regardless of other factors. Individuals with carotid atherosclerosis (CA) were 1,6 times more likely to have HR than those without CA when adjusted for sex, age, and smoking (p=0,013).Conclusion. In the surveyed population sample of mainly elderly people, a number of associations between cardiometabolic and common ophthalmic diseases were revealed. The identified comorbidities may have important therapeutic and prophylactic applications in an aging population.

scholarly journals Association between Metformin and a Lower Risk of Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Yen Chen ◽  
Ying-Cheng Shen ◽  
Yun-Ju Lai ◽  
Chun-Yuan Wang ◽  
Keng-Hung Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Treatment Duration ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Metformin Treatment ◽  
Matched Sample ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Metformin Group

Purpose. This population-based, retrospective cohort study was to investigate whether metformin is associated with a lower risk of subsequent age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods. Using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database from 2001 to 2013, 68205 subjects with type 2 diabetes were enrolled in the study cohort. Among them, 45524 were metformin users and 22681 were nonusers. The metformin and nonmetformin groups were followed until the end of 2013. Cox regression analyses were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for AMD development associated with metformin use. Confounders included for adjustment were age, sex, and comorbidities (hypertension, hyperlipidemia, coronary artery disease, obesity, diabetic retinopathy, chronic kidney disease, and insulin treatment). Furthermore, propensity score (PS) matching method was used to choose the matched sample, and PS-adjusted Cox regression was performed. Finally, how HRs changed according to metformin treatment duration and dose was also evaluated in the metformin group. Results. After adjusting for confounders, the metformin group had a significantly lower risk of AMD (adjusted HR = 0.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.50–0.58). In the PS-matched sample, the significance remained (adjusted HR = 0.57; 95% CI, 0.52–0.63). In the metformin group, the adjusted HRs for the second (1.5–4 years) and third (≥4 years) tertiles of metformin treatment duration were 0.52 and 0.14, respectively, compared with the first tertile (<1.5 years). We also found significant trends of lower HRs (all p-value for trend <0.05) with increasing total and average doses. Conclusions. Among patients with type 2 diabetes, those who use metformin are at a significantly lower risk of developing AMD relative to individuals who do not use metformin. Also, the trend of a significantly lower AMD risk was found with a higher dose of metformin.

scholarly journals Age-related androgen deficiency and erectile dysfunction in men of the reproductive age presenting with type 2 diabetes mellitus

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
R M Mamedgasanov ◽  
T V Mekhtiev
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Erectile Dysfunction ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Androgen Deficiency ◽  
Congenital Diseases ◽  
Age Related

Aim of the study. To detect hypogonadism and elucidate its relationship with erectile dysfunction (ED) and the main risk factors of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) among the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). Materials and methods. This clinical epidemiological study included 261 men with DM2 at the age varying from 30 to 59 years. The following exclusion criteria were used: type 1 diabetes mellitus, primary hypogonadism, drug-induced and congenital diseases accompanied by hypogonadism, oncological and cardiovascular diseases. All the patients underwent routine clinical examination, questionnaire and instrumental studies, laboratory analysis including assays for sex hormones. Results. Hypogonadism was diagnosed based on the results of all above studies in 114 (43.7%) men presenting with type 2 diabetes mellitus whereas the AMS questionnaire revealed a 10% higher incidence of age-related hypogonadism (in 141 or 54% subjects). It means that the incidence of hypogonadism increases with age both among the patients with DM2 and in the general male population. For example, only 17.5% of the men at the age of 30-39 years suffered hypogonadism compared with thrice this frequency in the groups of 40-49 and 50-59 year-old subjects. The summarized international erectile function index (IEFI) in the patients with hypogonadism and DM2 was 14.2±0.5 compared with 19.0±0.9 in the group without hypogonadism (p<0.001). Erectile dysfunction was diagnosed in 42 (28.6%) of the 147 patients with DM2 in the absence of hypogonadism whereas all the patients with hypogonadism suffered ED. The groups of the patients presenting with DM2 and hypogonadism and with DM2 without hypogonadism were not significantly different in terms of the number of smokers and hypokinetic subjects (roughly 70%). A similar tendency was documented in the occurrence of such parameters as waist circumference and serum triglycerides levels whereas the total and LDLP cholesterol levels, arterial pressure and body mass index were significantly higher in the patients with hypogonadism. Conclusion. Almost each second man with type 2 diabetes mellitus suffers hypogonadism and the number of such patients increases with age. The presence of DM2 increases the risk of development of ED. Also, the probability of ED and its severity increase under effect of androgen deficiency. The combination of DM2 and hypogonadism promotes manifestation of the main risk factors of cardiovascular diseases.

The BMI and skeletal muscle mass as a risk factor of carotid atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Se-Hwa Kim ◽  
Soo-Kyung Kim ◽  
Young-Ju Choi ◽  
Seok-Won Park ◽  
Eun-Jig Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Carotid Atherosclerosis

Correlation of Waist to Calf Circumference Ratio and Carotid Intima Media Thickness in Diabetes Mellitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harish A Rao ◽  
Prakash Harischandra ◽  
Srikanth Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Carotid Atherosclerosis ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Calf Circumference ◽  
Media Thickness

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a well-known risk factor for cardiovascular disease, because of the accelerated process of atherosclerosis. Obesity is an established risk factor and has gained immense importance in recent studies as an important risk factor for clinical cardiovascular disease, yet the fundamental component stays unclear. Calf circumference is another form for lean mass and peripheral subcutaneous fat and is inversely associated with occurrence of carotid plaques (CP). Multiplicative and opposite effects of both Calf Circumference (CC) and Waist Circumference (WC) in event of CP suggest that the two measures should be taken into account commonly while assessing vascular risk profile. Aim & Objective: To ascertain if waist to calf circumference ratio (WCR) is a marker of Carotid atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. To asses s the correlation between waist to calf circumference ratio and carotid intima media thickness (CIMT ) in patients with Type 2 diabetes. Materials and methods: A cross sectional study at Hospital affiliated to Kasturba Medical college Mangalore from Sept 2016 to Sept 2018 . Method of study: Patients with type 2 DM as per ADA criteria, age >18years are recruited for the study. Results and discussion: In our study with 150 population 25 patients had carotid atherosclerosis and 20 patients had CIMT>1.1. The waist circumference in patients with CA is in the range of 93.07 and 99.85 & the CC in patients with CA is in the range of 29.49 to 31.25. The WCR in patients with CA is in the range of 3.12 to 3.26. The difference was statistically significant with a p value of <0.05. In our study it was found that WC and WCR correlated well with carotid atherosclerosis, and surprisingly calf circumference also correlated with carotid atherosclerosis but not as significant as both WC and WCR. Conclusion: To conclude, in our population based study of 150 subjects we found that carotid atherosclerosis is significantly more in people with increased waist calf circumference ratio. WCR may be a new, useful and practical anthropometric index that facilitates the early identification of diabetic subjects with high risk for cardiovascular disease. Validation of this finding in individual populations is required. Future studies should test the association of calf circumference with carotid intima media thickness and carotid plaques using better measures than ultrasound such as magnetic resonance imaging. Further research focusing on underlying mechanisms in the role of lean mass and peripheral fat mass is required.

Epidemiology of Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus in Latin America

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricio Lopez-Jaramillo ◽  
Jose Lopez-Lopez ◽  
Daniel Cohen ◽  
Natalia Alarcon-Ariza ◽  
Margarita Mogollon-Zehr
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
And Control

: Hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus are two important risk factors that contribute to cardiovascular diseases worldwide. In Latin America hypertension prevalence varies from 30 to 50%. Moreover, the proportion of awareness, treatment and control of hypertension is very low. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus varies from 8 to 13% and near to 40% are unaware of their condition. In addition, the prevalence of prediabetes varies from 6 to 14% and this condition has been also associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. The principal factors linked to a higher risk of hypertension in Latin America are increased adiposity, low muscle strength, unhealthy diet, low physical activity and low education. Besides being chronic conditions, leading causes of cardiovascular mortality, both hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus represent a substantial cost for the weak health systems of Latin American countries. Therefore, is necessary to implement and reinforce public health programs to improve awareness, treatment and control of hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus, in order to reach the mandate of the Unit Nations of decrease the premature mortality for CVD.

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