scholarly journals Production of Double Haploid Plants Using In Vivo Haploid Techniques in Corn

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-69
Author(s):  
Duran ZARARSIZ ◽  
Leyla ÖZTÜRK ◽  
Semra YANIKOĞLU ◽  
İlhan TURGUT ◽  
Sezgin KIZIK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Double Haploid ◽  
Haploid Plants

Haploid Culture and Double Haploid Induction in Medicago sativa L. cv. XinJiangDaYe

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Xu ◽  
Rina Wu ◽  
Fang Tang ◽  
Cuiping Gao ◽  
Xia Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Double Haploid ◽  
Haploid Plant ◽  
Regeneration System ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Cultivation Methods ◽  
Haploid Plants

Background: Alfalfa (Medicago Sativa), a perennial cross-pollinated plant, is one of the most important forage crops in the world with commercial value and ecological significance. However, due to the complexity of its genome, varietal improvement is difficult. Therefore, generating genetically homozygous materials have greater significance for breeding. In the current study, we aimed to identify the best tissue culture conditions to obtain haploid plants and double haploid plants.Methods: In this study, the haploid plants of alfalfa were obtained by combining tissue culture regeneration system with Flow cytometry. Different concentrations of colchicine were applied to the haploid plants using solid and liquid cultivation methods to determine the optimum conditions to obtain double haploid plants of Medicago Sativa L. cv. ‘XinJiangDaYe’. Result: Among the two colchicine cultivation methods tested, the doubling rate of regenerated plants obtained by liquid cultivation method was higher and the leaves developed under this system have the best doubling effect among the three explants tested. Optimal doubling conditions for alfalfa haploid (Medicago Sativa L. cv. ‘XinJiangDaYe’) were identified. The double haploid plant material generated from the current study could serve as a genetic resource for developing the hybrid combinations and for analyzing genetic linkage in alfalfa improvement programs.

scholarly journals Optimization of Cucumber Doubled Haploid Line Production Using In Vitro Rescue of In Vivo Induced Parthenogenic Embryos

2005 ◽  
Vol 130 (4) ◽  
pp. 555-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabet Claveria ◽  
Jordi Garcia-Mas ◽  
Ramon Dolcet-Sanjuan
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Chromosome Doubling ◽  
Doubled Haploid Line ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Line Production ◽  
Haploid Plants

Homozygous doubled haploid lines (DHLs) from new cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) accessions could be useful to accelerate breeding for resistant varieties. DHLs have been generated by in vitro rescue of in vivo induced parthenogenic embryos. The protocol developed involves the following: 1) induction of parthenogenic embryos by pollinating with pollen irradiated with a Co60 γ-ray source at 500 Gy; 2) in vitro rescue of putative parthenogenic embryos identified by their morphology and localized using a dissecting scope or X-ray radiography; 3) discrimination of undesirable zygotic individuals from the homozygous plants using cucumber and melon SSR markers; 4) determination of ploidy level from homozygous plants by flow cytometry; 5) in vitro chromosome doubling of haploids; and 6) acclimation and selfing of selected lines. Codominant markers and flow cytometry confirmed the gametophytic origin of plants regenerated by parthenogenesis, since all homozygous lines were haploids. No spontaneous doubled haploid plants were rescued. Chromosome doubling of haploid plants was accomplished by an in vitro treatment with 500 μm colchicine. Rescue of diploid or chimeric plants was shown by flow cytometry, prior to their acclimation and planting in the greenhouse. Selfing of colchicine-treated haploid plants allowed for the perpetuation by seed of homozygous lines. The high rate of seed set, 90% of the lines produced seed, facilitated the recovery of inbred lines. Despite some limiting factors, parthenogenesis is routinely used in a cucumber-breeding program to achieve complete homozygosity in one generation. Breeding for new commercial hybrid cultivars will be accelerated. DHLs are ideal resources for genomic analyses.

Regeneration of double haploid plants from unpollinated ovary cultures of watermelon

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingchun Zhu ◽  
Dexi Sun ◽  
Yun Deng ◽  
Weihua Li ◽  
Guolin An ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Double Haploid ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Chromosome Doubling ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Breeding Cycle ◽  
Regenerated Plants ◽  
Dark Culture ◽  
Homozygous Diploid ◽  
Optimized Conditions ◽  
Haploid Plants

Abstract Background: Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), a major fresh fruit, is planted worldwide. Because double haploid plants may be used as parents to shorten watermelon breeding cycle, the present study optimized conditions for regenerating haploid plants from ovaries without pollination.Results: The results revealed that, the 10% sodium hypochlorite sterilized for 10 min is best for ovary enlargement. In addition, a dark culture period of 14 days promoted the ovary enlargement. The MS medium containing 0.5 mg/L NAA, 1.0 mg/L 6-BA and 0.5mg/L KT promoted the embryoid differentiation. The M2 medium containing 0.02 mg/L TDZ, 0.5 mg/L NAA, 0.5 mg/L 6-BA could be used for producing complete plants. The different genotypes affected the embryoid induction. The present study obtained regenerated plants that were established in field. Flow cytometry analyses revealed that the regenerated plants were haploid, diploid or tetraploid plant. The seedlings which were treated with culture medium can increase the chance of chromosome doubling. The SSR marker analyses showed that the diploid and tetraploid plants were homozygous at all six loci tested, indicating that these regenerated plants were double- or tetra-haploid plants.Conclusions: Haploid and homozygous diploid can be obtained through the culture of unpollinated ovary of watermelon, which is an effective way to innovate watermelon germplasm. The present study provides homozygous plants for future watermelon breeding.

scholarly journals Effect of Chemical Composition of Nutritive Medium and Explant Size Over Androgenetic Response in Microspore Culture of Brassica oleracea L.

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 131-136
Author(s):  
Tina Oana Cristea ◽  
Gabriel-Alin Iosob ◽  
Creola Brezeanu ◽  
Petre Marian Brezeanu
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Double Haploid ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Microspore Culture ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Homogeneous Population ◽  
Nutritive Medium ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Bud Size ◽  
Haploid Plants

The dimension of the bud is a key factor for the orientation of microspore culture and the success of obtaining double haploid plants as it is a strong correlation between bud size and the developmental stages of microspores, and it is specific for each plant species and genotype. Our study was focused to determine the correlation between morphological characteristics, namely floral bud size and specific microspore developmental stages in order to determine the proper size, suitable for a successful protocol of obtaining double haploid plants in Brassica oleracea var. italica. Thus, we tested four bud sizes ranging from 2.0 to 4.0 mm measured from the base to the tip of the bud. After the statistical analysis of the results it can be emphasized that the best results were obtained in the case of using as a source of microspores the flower buds with the size between 3.1-3.5 mm. At this dimension, the share of microspores in the uninucleate stage, predominantly in the late uninucleate stage, is 90%, thus ensuring a homogeneous population of microspores in the optimum stage of development. Their evolution is predominantly embryogenic, the percentage of microspores following the gametophytic pathway is reduced, by only 9.12%.

Fine Structural Changes in the Microvasculature of the Mouse Pinna: Aging and Radiation Injury

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 54-55
Author(s):  
S. Phyllis Steamer ◽  
Rosemarie L. Devine
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Radiation Treatment ◽  
Arterial Stenosis ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Vascular Effects ◽  
Microvascular Changes ◽  
Surrounding Connective Tissue ◽  
Fission Neutrons ◽  
Total Body

The importance of radiation damage to the skin and its vasculature was recognized by the early radiologists. In more recent studies, vascular effects were shown to involve the endothelium as well as the surrounding connective tissue. Microvascular changes in the mouse pinna were studied in vivo and recorded photographically over a period of 12-18 months. Radiation treatment at 110 days of age was total body exposure to either 240 rad fission neutrons or 855 rad 60Co gamma rays. After in vivo observations in control and irradiated mice, animals were sacrificed for examination of changes in vascular fine structure. Vessels were selected from regions of specific interest that had been identified on photomicrographs. Prominent ultrastructural changes can be attributed to aging as well as to radiation treatment. Of principal concern were determinations of ultrastructural changes associated with venous dilatations, segmental arterial stenosis and tortuosities of both veins and arteries, effects that had been identified on the basis of light microscopic observations. Tortuosities and irregularly dilated vein segments were related to both aging and radiation changes but arterial stenosis was observed only in irradiated animals.

Induction and Differentiation of Dental Epithelium in Vivo and in Vitro

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 142-145
Author(s):  
E. J. Kollar
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Basal Lamina ◽  
Functional Derivatives ◽  
Specific Source ◽  
Dental Epithelium ◽  
Connective Tissue Stroma

The differentiation and maintenance of many specialized epithelial structures are dependent on the underlying connective tissue stroma and on an intact basal lamina. These requirements are especially stringent in the development and maintenance of the skin and oral mucosa. The keratinization patterns of thin or thick cornified layers as well as the appearance of specialized functional derivatives such as hair and teeth can be correlated with the specific source of stroma which supports these differentiated expressions.

Ultrastructural Correlations between Clonal Human Tumor Colonies and in Vivo Neoplasms

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 210-211
Author(s):  
M.J. Murphy ◽  
R.R. Price ◽  
J.C. Sloman
Keyword(s):  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Human Tumor ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Tumor Mass ◽  
Initial Cell ◽  
Cloning Assay ◽  
Human Tumor Cloning ◽  
The Relationship

The in vitro human tumor cloning assay originally described by Salmon and Hamburger has been applied recently to the investigation of differential anti-tumor drug sensitivities over a broad range of human neoplasms. A major problem in the acceptance of this technique has been the question of the relationship between the cultured cells and the original patient tumor, i.e., whether the colonies that develop derive from the neoplasm or from some other cell type within the initial cell population. A study of the ultrastructural morphology of the cultured cells vs. patient tumor has therefore been undertaken to resolve this question. Direct correlation was assured by division of a common tumor mass at surgical resection, one biopsy being fixed for TEM studies, the second being rapidly transported to the laboratory for culture.

Structural analysis of the photosynthetic membrane from Ectothiorhodospira halochloris

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 740-741
Author(s):  
H. Engelhardt ◽  
R. Guckenberger ◽  
W. Baumeister
Keyword(s):  
Lattice Structure ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Hexagonal Lattice ◽  
Reaction Centre ◽  
Photosynthetic Membrane ◽  
Rhodopseudomonas Viridis ◽  
Photosynthetic Membranes ◽  
Ectothiorhodospira Halochloris ◽  
Main Components

Bacterial photosynthetic membranes contain, apart from lipids and electron transport components, reaction centre (RC) and light harvesting (LH) polypeptides as the main components. The RC-LH complexes in Rhodopseudomonas viridis membranes are known since quite seme time to form a hexagonal lattice structure in vivo; hence this membrane attracted the particular attention of electron microscopists. Contrary to previous claims in the literature we found, however, that 2-D periodically organized photosynthetic membranes are not a unique feature of Rhodopseudomonas viridis. At least five bacterial species, all bacteriophyll b - containing, possess membranes with the RC-LH complexes regularly arrayed. All these membranes appear to have a similar lattice structure and fine-morphology. The lattice spacings of the Ectothiorhodospira haloohloris, Ectothiorhodospira abdelmalekii and Rhodopseudomonas viridis membranes are close to 13 nm, those of Thiocapsa pfennigii and Rhodopseudomonas sulfoviridis are slightly smaller (∼12.5 nm).

The Infection of Cells by Bullet-Shaped Viruses

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 372-373
Author(s):  
Frederick A. Murphy ◽  
Alyne K. Harrison ◽  
Sylvia G. Whitfield
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Host Cell ◽  
Thin Section ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Cell Infection ◽  
Thin Section Electron Microscopy ◽  
Section Electron ◽  
Section Electron Microscopy

The bullet-shaped viruses are currently classified together on the basis of similarities in virion morphology and physical properties. Biologically and ecologically the member viruses are extremely diverse. In searching for further bases for making comparisons of these agents, the nature of host cell infection, both in vivo and in cultured cells, has been explored by thin-section electron microscopy.

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