scholarly journals Quality Characteristics and Standards for Sunflower Oil from Arad Agricultural Area

Author(s):  
Claudia MUREŞAN ◽  
Anca Mihaela DICU ◽  
Virgil CIUTINA ◽  
Dorina CHAMBRE ◽  
Claudiu URSACHI

The purpose of this study was to determine the unsaturated fatty acid compounds of studied oils, physico-chemical parameters, and the behavior of the four oil types during oxidation and heating. This is a part of a large study effectuated on Carnia sunflower hybrids, PR64H91, PR65A22 and PR64H45 obtained through cold pressing. We followed the evolution of the UV absorption correlated with the peroxide value. The peroxide value has been presented an increased value in the first 12 heating hours, but after this period of time, it has been decreased due to the high temperature instability of the early formed hydro-peroxides. The absorbance between 220-230 nm and the specific absorbance on 232 and 270 nm (characteristic of the conjugated dienes and trienes) have increased along the experiment period. The results were compared with those from regular sunflower oil.

Food Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 1937-1946
Author(s):  
M.M.D.R. Tugay ◽  
L.E. Mopera ◽  
E.B. Esguerra ◽  
K.A.T. Castillo-Israel

This study aimed to characterize and compare pili (Canarium ovatum Engl.) pulp oil from two different varieties of pili fruits in Bicol, Philippines namely M. Orolfo and Orbase varieties for possible utilization into oil-based products. The effects of varietal differences in pili fruits on physical, chemical and quality characteristics of its pulp oil were determined. These two oils were also compared with control oils, commercially available coconut oil and extra virgin olive oil. Pili pulp oil from M. Orolfo had dark color while Orbase had color close to extra virgin olive oil. The two varieties did not significantly differ from each other in terms of refractive index, moisture and volatile matters, acid value, iodine value, saponification number and percent unsaponifiable matter but significantly differed from coconut oil and extra virgin olive oil. On the other hand, the two varieties significantly differed from each other in terms of peroxide value, Vitamin A and α-tocopherol contents. In terms of fatty acid profile, high amounts of palmitic acid were determined in both pili varieties (19-25%) compared with coconut oil (6.34%). Oleic acid in Orbase was 71.5% while M. Orolfo had 58.1%, which are comparable with extra virgin olive oil (77.9%). Pili pulp oils from M. Orolfo and Orbase can be utilized into oilbased products because its chemical and quality characteristics are within the standard. Both can be stored for a longer period of time and healthier in terms of fatty acid composition and natural antioxidant content.


Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2579
Author(s):  
Ileana Cocan ◽  
Monica Negrea ◽  
Antoanela Cozma ◽  
Ersilia Alexa ◽  
Mariana-Atena Poiana ◽  
...  

The main purpose of this work was to assess the potential of chili pepper seed oil (CPSO) and sweet pepper seed oil (SPSO) to inhibit or retard the thermo-oxidative processes undergoing in sunflower oil (SFO) when subjected to high-temperature heating for 4 and 8 h in simulated frying conditions. The effects of high-temperature treatment for 4 and 8 h on the fatty acid composition and the lipid oxidation degree of the investigated oil samples were evaluated using the peroxide value (PV), the p-anisidine value (p-AV) and the thiobarbituric acid test (TBA). All determinations were performed before and after sample heating in order to evaluate the changes in lipid oxidation as well as in the chemical composition. In all studied samples, both after 4 h and 8 h of high-temperature heating, there was an increase of the saturated fatty acid content. This increase is lower in the case of SFO samples supplemented with CPSO and SPSO when compared with SFO. A 41.67% increase was recorded for the SFO sample supplemented with 300 ppm CPSO, and a 36.76% increase was recorded for the SFO supplemented with 300 ppm SPSO, compared to the 44.97% increase recorded for the SFO. Heating the samples supplemented with CPSO and SPSO with a concentration of 300 ppm for 8 h led to the much lower values of the investigated parameters in relation to the control sample, as follows: PV (12.95 ± 0.17 meq/kg oil for SFO + 300 ppm CPSO and 13.45 ± 0.32 meq/kg oil for SFO + 300 ppm SPSO, compared with 16.4 + 0.17 meq/kg oil for SFO), p-AV (63.445 ± 1.259 ppm oil for SFO + 300 ppm CPSO and 64.122 ± 1.208 ppm oil for SFO + 300 ppm SPSO, compared with 72.493 + 1.340 ppm oil for SFO), CD (45%; 30%), TOTOX (88.374 for SFO + 300 ppm CPSO and 101.366 for SFO + 300 ppm SPSO compared with 105.347 ppm for SFO) and TBA (98.92 ± 2.49 µg MDA/g oil for SFO + 300 ppm CPSO and 114.24 ± 3.51 µg MDA/g oil for SFO + 300 ppm SPSO, compared with 180.08 + 5.82 µg MDA/g oil for SFO). Regarding the lipid oxidation process occurring during the heat treatment, we observed the reduction of lipid oxidation by the addition of CPSO and SPSO and recommend these seed oils as potential natural antioxidants in order to improve the oxidative stability of SFO during heat treatment.


2004 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 499-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Rudzińska ◽  
Józef Korczak ◽  
Anna Gramza ◽  
Erwin Wąsowicz ◽  
Paresh C Dutta

Abstract A study was conducted to analyze the effect of the antioxidants butylated hydroxytoluene, α-tocopherol, ethanolic extracts of rosemary, and green tea on stigmasterol resistance against degradation and formation of its oxidation products in purified triacylglycerols (TAG) from sunflower oil. The content of stigmasterol and its oxidation products 7α-and 7β-hydroxy, α-and β-epoxy, triol, and 7-ketostigmasterol were determined during incubation at 60°C for 3, 6, and 9 days. In addition, peroxide value and fatty acid composition were also determined in the samples. Correlation between the levels of the accumulated stigmasterol oxides and peroxide value of the TAG with antioxidants during incubation was significant only for rosemary extract (R = 0.6799, p < 0.05). The lack of correlation precludes the use of peroxide values to determine the level of sterol oxidation products in the used model system. Correlation between stigmasterol content and the level of stigmasterol oxides was significant for all samples (R = 0.8874, p < 0.05). The total increase of the stigmasterol oxidation products was the lowest in samples with α-tocopherol, but the content of stigmasterol-triol increased the most in this sample. In all the analyzed samples, α-epoxy-stigmasterol was formed in the highest amounts among the analyzed stigmasterol oxidation products.


2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 1937-1940
Author(s):  
Xiao Li Liu ◽  
Ke Gang Wu ◽  
Xiang Hua Chai ◽  
Hong Peng Yu ◽  
Lin Chen ◽  
...  

The effects of packaging container on quality characteristics of peanut oil were investigated in this paper. Peanut oils were stored in two containers respectively: folding Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles and common PET bottles. Peroxide value (PV), tocopherol and fatty acid composition of peanut oils were determined after 9 weeks of storage. Results showed that the PV of peanut oils in folding PET containers was significantly less than that of common PET bottle during storage period. The decrease extent of unsaturated and saturated fatty acid of peanut oils in folding PET containers was less than that of common PET sample. The degradation speed of fatty acid could be restrained by folding PET container. α-, and δ-tocopherol losses of peanut oil in the folding PET container were significantly reduced.


2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-297
Author(s):  
A. A. Warra

Oil was extracted from the seed of Cassia sieberiana Lusing soxhlet apparatus. The oil yield was 9.26±0.01% and the colour of the seed oil was dark yellow. The results of the physico-chemical analysis revealed the following; acid value, iodine value, saponification value, peroxide value, relative density and refractive index of 0.35±0.01 mgKOH/g , 135.60 ±0.10 gI2/100g, 235.62 ±0.01 mgKOH/g, 1.8 ±0.10meq H2O2 , 0.8185±0.00 (g/cm3) and 1.4415 ±5.77 respectively indicating the suitability of the seed oil for pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications.


Author(s):  
В.Н. Титов ◽  
В.А. Амелюшкина ◽  
М.Ю. Карганов

Является ли человек всеядным? Биологически это невозможно; Homo sapiens - травояден. В филогенезе же предки человека при жизни в океане, были плотоядными, рыбоядными. Предполагается, что в филогенезе последовательно с интервалами в миллионы лет сформировались 3 системы переноса к клеткам жирных кислот в форме неполярных триглицеридов в составе апоВ липопротеинов. 1. У плотоядных (Carnivore) в океане и на суше: энтероциты, апоЕ/В-48 хиломикроны → гепатоциты→ апоВ-100 ЛПОНП→ ЛПНП→ апоВ-100 эндоцитоз. 2. У травоядных (Herbivore), до синтеза инсулина перенос химически инертной пальмитиновой насыщенных жирных кислот осуществлялся по пути: гепатоциты→ пальмитиновые ЛПОНП→ ЛПНП→ апоВ-100 поглощение клетками. 3. У травоядных (Herbivore) при действии инсулина перенос химически активной олеиновой мононенасыщенной жирной кислоты представлял наиболее короткий путь: гепатоциты→ олеиновые ЛПОНП→ апоЕ/В-100 эндоцитоз инсулинзависимыми клетками. На ступенях филогенеза; 1. у плотоядных, 2. у травоядных до синтеза инсулина и 3. у травоядных при действии инсулина: 1. хиломикроны → пальмитиновые ЛПОНП→ ЛПНП→ апоВ-100 эндоцитоз; 2. пальмитиновые ЛПОНП→ ЛПНП→апоВ-100 эндоцитоз и 3. олеиновые ЛПОНП→ апоЕ/В-100 эндоцитоз, видно, почему олеиновые ЛПОНП не могут переносить пальмитиновые ЛПОНП с иными физико-химическими свойствами. В инсулинзависимой системе переноса олеиновой мононенасыщенной жирной кислоты, триглицериды задействованы только ЛПОНП и нет ЛПНП. При избытке плотоядной (мясной) пищи и пальмитиновой насыщенной жирной кислоты НЖК клетки не поглощают безлигандные пальмитиновые ЛПОНП→ЛПНП путем апоЕ/В-100 эндоцитоза. Формирование у пациента переноса насыщенных жирных кислот до действия инсулина объективизируется по уровню гиперлипопротеинемии (ГЛП) типа IIб. При избыточном потреблении мясной пищи и формировании переноса насыщенных жирных кислот, что характерно для плотоядных, у пациентов методом электрофореза выявляется гиперлипопротеинемия типа V. Атеросклероз и атероматоз, хотя и имеют общие звенья патогенеза, являются биологически разными, последовательными процессами, отражающими нарушение биологической функции трофологии и функции эндоэкологии. Is the human being an omnivore? Biologically, this is impossible. Homo sapiens is the herbivore. However phylogenetically, ocean-living ancestors of people were fish-eating carnivores. We suggest that three systems of fatty acid (FA) transport to cells have formed successively, at several million-year intervals, in the form of nonpolar triglycerides (TG) as constituents of apoB lipoproteins (LP): i) in the carnivores, both in the ocean and on land: enterocytes → apoВ-100 VLDL → LDL → apoВ-100 endocytosis; ii) in herbivores prior to insulin production: transport of chemically inert palmitic FA along the hepatocytes → palmitic VLDL→ LDL→ apoВ-100 cellular uptake pathway; iii) in herbivores under the action of insulin, the transport pathway for chemically active oleic FA is the shortest: hepatocytes→ oleic VLDL→ apoЕ/В-100 endocytosis by insulin-dependent cells. Thus, oleic VLDL cannot transport palmitic TG that have different physico-chemical parameters. In the insulin-dependent transport of oleic FA, TG are associated only with VLDL but not with LDL. When the diet is rich in meat and palmitic saturated FA cells do not internalize nonligand palmitic VLDL→LDL via apoЕ/В-100 endocytosis; physiologically, this endocytosis does not exist. In type IIb hyperlipoproteinemia, saturated FA are transported before the effect of insulin. If a patient eats excessive meat, transport of saturated FA follows the pathway typical of carnivore animals, which results in type V hyperproteinemia as detected by LP electrophoresis. Although atherosclerosis and atheromatosis share some pathogenetic features they are biologically different processes associated with impaired biological functions of trophology and endoecology.


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