scholarly journals Morphometric Analysis of the 18th Century Vitis sp. Seeds from Apulum Archaeological Site

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Iulia Alexandra FARCAȘ ◽  
Nastasia POP ◽  
Anamaria CĂLUGĂR ◽  
Florin Ovidiu BOTIȘ
Keyword(s):  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Grape Seeds ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
Mathematical Formulas ◽  
Vitis Sp ◽  
Modern Era

The present study examines Vitis sp. seeds discovered during the excavations in 2017 on an archaeological site in Apulum, the current city of Alba Iulia, Romania. The archaeological context was dated as belonging to the 18th century. The grape seeds were measured in order to determine whether they are cultivated or wild. Using mathematical formulas and keys given for interpretation, all the seeds were determined as being cultivated. The results obtained complete the archaeological information regarding Vitis sp. use in human diet during Modern era in Transylvania.

scholarly journals Geldtheorie und -politik in Preußen Mitte des 18. Jahrhunderts

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-257
Author(s):  
Jan Greitens
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
Monetary Theory ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Monetary System ◽  
Monetary Approach ◽  
History Of ◽  
Early Modern Era ◽  
Value Of Money ◽  
Modern Era

AbstractIn the history of economic thought, monetary theories in the Germanspeaking world of the early modern era are considered backward compared to the approaches in other European countries. This backwardness can be illustrated by two authors from the mid-18th century who were not only contemporaries but also successively in the service of Frederick II (“the Great”) of Prussia. The first is Johann Philipp Graumann, one of the 'projectors' of the 18th century. As master of the mints in Prussia, he developed a coin project, where he tried to implement a new monetary standard to promote trade, generate seigniorage income and implement the Prussian coins as a kind of a reserve currency. In his writings, he developed a typical mercantilistic monetary theory with a clear understanding of the mechanism in the balance of payments. But even when he tried to include credit instruments, he did not take banks or broader financial markets into account. The second thinker is Johann Heinrich Gottlob Justi, who took the opposite position concerning the coin project as well as in his theory. He defended a strictly metalistic monetary approach where the value of money is only based on the metal's value. While Graumann rejected the English coin system, Justi recommended its laws for countries without their own mines, because the sovereign should not misuse his right of coinage. For him, the monetary system had tobe reliable and stable to serve trade and economic development.

scholarly journals Labour Conflicts and Working-Class Culture in Early Modern Holland

1990 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolf Dekker
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Class Culture ◽  
Informal Workers ◽  
Ancien Régime ◽  
Modern Era

SUMMARYFrom the 15th to the 18th century Holland, the most urbanized part of the northern Netherlands, had a tradition of labour action. In this article the informal workers' organizations which existed especially within the textile industry are described. In the 17th century the action forms adjusted themselves to the better coordinated activities of the authorities and employers. After about 1750 this protest tradition disappeared, along with the economic recession which especially struck the traditional industries. Because of this the continuity of the transition from the ancien régime to the modern era which may be discerned in the labour movements of countries like France and England, cannot be found in Holland.

scholarly journals Pałac czy dwór? Na Czechowie czy na Czechówce? Glossa do rozważań o krajobrazie kulturowym północno-zachodniej części historycznego Lublina

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Jacek Chachaj
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Previous Article ◽  
Precise Location ◽  
Architectural Analysis ◽  
The North ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
North Western

The article is a response to the publication of M. Dudkiewicz, W. Durlak and M. Dąbski concerning a non-existent object called a manor or palace that existed in the modern era in the north-western part of Lublin on the edge of a plateau extending northwards from the Czechówka river valley. Since the previous article contains substantive factual errors, this text also attempts to show the ownership changes of the area where the manor existed, and specify its more precise location. The postulate for further research remains primarily the architectural analysis of the building, which in the second half of the 18th century was in an advanced state of decay.

scholarly journals Arqueologia marítima em Cabo Verde: enquadramento e primeiros resultados do projecto CONCHA

2020 ◽  
pp. 2071-2084
Author(s):  
José Bettencourt ◽  
Adilson Dias ◽  
Carlos Lima ◽  
Christelle Chouzenoux ◽  
Cristovão Fonseca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Cape Verde ◽  
Port Cities ◽  
Archaeological Materials ◽  
Training Activities ◽  
Early Modern Era ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
And Training

Among the partners of the UNESCO Chair The Ocean’s Cultural Heritage are CHAM and IPC (Cape Verde) which defined as essential action the underwater archaeological site inventory of that archipelago. This action started in 2018 as part of the European project CONCHA, that aims to address the different ways that port cities developed around the Atlantic during the early modern era. CONCHA’s surveys were conducted on the island of Santiago, in Ribeira Grande anchorage, in São Francisco (17th century) and in Urânia shipwrecks (1809). The project included the underwater survey, a review of the documentation and of the archaeological materials, recovered from the sites, at the Museum of Archaeology in Praia. Dissemination and training activities were also carried out. This paper systematizes the results of these works.

Modern Nepal

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Lecomte-Tilouine
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Prime Ministers ◽  
Internal Logic ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Modern Era

Within the study of the modern period of Nepali history, history is considered here both as a narrative with its internal logic, notably the periodization of history produced by Nepali historians, as well as a series of statements, events, regulations, etc., which are incorporated in this narrative. Periodization of history in Nepal establishes a direct and necessary link between modern Nepal and its national territory. Indeed, the beginning of the modern era is determined by the “unification” of the fifty independent kingdoms and tribal territories that gave birth to the anational territory of Nepal during the second half of the 18th century. Such a correspondence makes modernity and the unified territory of Nepal coincide in a single space time. Yet, a closer examination of the logic behind periodization sheds light on its Kathmandu-centric, and dynastic perspective. This resulted in the formation of a hybrid conception of the national territory and of its center of power. From being the standard of the territory’s time and space, the Kathmandu Valley became the chronotope of the historical narrative dealing with the first half of the 19th century. It continued to form the territory’s remarkable center following the seizing of power by the Rana prime ministers (1846–1951), but now by assuming a futurist dimension, which conversely, plunged the rest of the country back in time.

scholarly journals Lutheran Clergy in an Orthodox Empire. The Apppointment of Pastors in the Russo-Swedish Borderland in the 18th Century

Perichoresis ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antti Räihä
Keyword(s):  
Political Culture ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Canon Law ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Actual Process ◽  
Local Society ◽  
Old Swedish ◽  
History Of ◽  
Early Modern Era ◽  
Modern Era

Abstract The history of the parishioners’ right to participate in and influence the choice of local clergy in Sweden and Finland can be taken back as far as the late Medieval Times. The procedures for electing clergymen are described in historiography as a specifically Nordic feature and as creating the basis of local self-government. In this article the features of local self-government are studied in a context where the scope for action was being modified. The focus is on the parishioners’ possibilities and willingness to influence the appointment of pastors in the Lutheran parishes of the Russo-Swedish borderlands in the 18th century. At the same time, this article will offer the first comprehensive presentation of the procedures for electing pastors in the Consistory District of Fredrikshamn. The Treaty of Åbo, concluded between Sweden and Russia in 1743, ensured that the existing Swedish law, including the canon law of 1686, together with the old Swedish privileges and statutes, as well as the freedom to practise the Lutheran religion, remained in force in the area annexed into Russia. By analysing the actual process of appointing pastors, it is possible to discuss both the development of the local political culture and the interaction between the central power and the local society in the late Early Modern era.

The History of ‘Nervous Disorders' from 1600 to 1840, and a Comparison with Modern Views

1991 ◽  
Vol 159 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Hare
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Pathological Change ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
General Term ◽  
Physical Disorder ◽  
Du Bois ◽  
Nervous Disorder ◽  
History Of ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
Nervous Conduction

In the 18th century the main varieties of nervous illness – hypochondria, hysteria, the spleen, the vapours and dyspepsia – became included under the general term ‘nervous disorders'. When no physical disorder of the nerves could be detected in such conditions, the hypothesis of nervous disorder was replaced by the more vague concept of ‘nervous temperament’. The fact that there is still no evidence of pathological change in such cases continues to expose physicians to the alternative hypothesis of a purely psychological cause. The modern era in our understanding of the nervous system may be said to date from 1843 when Du Bois Reymond showed the electrical nature of nervous conduction. The publication of Jordan'sBriefe Discoursein 1603 may be taken to represent the start of a discrete period (1600 to 1840) in the history of neurotic illness.

Familia Șorban/Șerban, în secolele XIV–XVII. Schiță genealogică

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 371-386
Author(s):  
Bogdan Stanciu Gorun
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
Greek Orthodox ◽  
The North ◽  
The Family ◽  
West Part ◽  
Greek Orthodox Church ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
North Western

"Șorban/Șerban Family in the 14th-17th centuries. Genealogical sketch This article aims to reconstruct the historical route of a lower nobility family, from the first appearance in history to the beginning of the modern era. It is the Sorban/Serban family, with two branches, in the north-western part of Transylvania (in the broader sense), respectively in the south-west part of it, having a common root, in the world of the Maramures knezes, continued by a common strain, among the petty nobility of Chioar. The objective is to contribute to a better knowledge of the lower nobility in the western provinces of present-day Romania, on the background that the nobility of these parts is not yet sufficiently represented in the Romanian historiography. The oldest members of the family can be identified in the first half of the 14th century, as knezes Stan Albu and Locovoy of Cosău. At the beginning of the next century, the knezial family individualized in several branches, including the Sorba of Călineşti. In the 16th century, a member of this family crossed into Chioar District, and his three sons received a diploma of ennoblement in 1609, for services to Prince Gabriel Báthory. During the 17th century, the Sorba(n) family appears in several conscriptions of the Chioar, divided into two branches. At the beginning of the 18th century, a Şorban emigrated to the Mureş Plain, near Arad. There will emerge a strong branch of the family, which changes its name to Şerban and sticks to the Greek Orthodox Church, while the other one keeps its name, but shifts to the Greek Catholic Church. Both branches contribute in the 19th and 20th centuries to the intellectual and political elite of Romanians. Descendants of both branches are now well-known people in the cultural field. Keywords: Romanian-nobility, genealogy, Șorban, Șerban, Locovoy "

The evolution of the goals and conditions of the execution of the penalty of deprivation of liberty from the Middle Ages to the present day

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-72
Author(s):  
Justyna Bieda ◽  
Katarzyny Rydz-Sybilak
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Forced Labor ◽  
Basic Premise ◽  
Moral Improvement ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
The Republic ◽  
And Function ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
The Middle Ages

The functions of prisons in old Poland, their role and organization changed along with the evolution of views on the objectives of the institution of punishment in the system of criminal law. The picture will be completely different if the punishment is to have a main rehabilitation effect, and another when the basic premise of the penal policy is the principle of deterrence, not the moral improvement of the offender (it was in Poland until the 18th century). The penalty of deprivation of liberty could be carried out in five different ways. The choice of prison was primarily determined by the type of crime committed, but also the state of the convict was very important. The first, as early as the 12th-13th centuries are prisons, in which the population of lower states, ie townsmen, and peasants, were imprisoned. Initially, they play only a preventive role. In the Middle Ages, an upper tower was also developed, mainly applied to the nobility, it was an institution in which convicted in decent, even home conditions performed his penance. In the modern era, ie in the first half of the 16th century, a lower tower is being established, often not so much a place of imprisonment, but a place of slow death. Significant changes in the character and function of penitentiary institutions were brought by the 18th century, which was connected with the enlightenment flowing into the Republic of Poland, under which the punishment was also to be a means of improvement and rehabilitation, and not only revenge. The practice of imprisoning people in the tower, which was only a place of penance, deprived of any rehabilitation factors, slowly disappears, while prison comes to the fore. Here, the marshal prison should be pointed out, constituting a symbol of changes taking place, a modern facility in which the convict punished in humane conditions for those times, but above all, he was cared for his moral improvement, so that in the future he would not return to crime. The houses of improvement and forced labor houses started to play an extremely important role, the goal of which was to improve the prisoners through work and prayer.

scholarly journals Archaeological Investigations at the Pine Snake Site, an Allen Phase Settlement on Flat Creek in Northwestern Cherokee County, Texas

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy K. Perttula ◽  
Bo Nelson ◽  
Mark Walters ◽  
James Feathers
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Northwestern Part ◽  
Private Land ◽  
East Texas ◽  
Pine Snake ◽  
Neches River ◽  
Early 18Th Century ◽  
Habitation Site

The Pine Snake site is a recently discovered late 17th to early 18th century Caddo Indian archaeological site located on private land in the northwestern part of Cherokee County, Texas, in the valley of a westward flowing tributary to the Neches River. This is an area of the Pineywoods of East Texas that contains extensive numbers of Caddo archaeological sites along all major and minor streams. Post-A.D. 1400 Frankston phase and post-A.D. 1650 Historic Caddo Allen phase sites, especially cemeteries dating to either phase, are particularly abundant in this part of East Texas. This article summarizes the findings from archaeological investigations we completed at the Pine Snake site in late 2008. They have produced important information on the domestic archaeological record at a well preserved Allen phase habitation site.

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