scholarly journals Cerebrospinal Fluid Findings in Six Dogs with Neurological Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Cecilia Gabriella DANCIU ◽  
Ciprian Andrei OBER ◽  
Cosmin PEȘTEAN ◽  
Marian TAULESCU ◽  
Cristina ȘTEFĂNUȚ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurological Disease ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Definitive Diagnosis ◽  
Central Nervous System Inflammation ◽  
Csf Analysis ◽  
Neurological Pathology ◽  
Csf Findings

The aim of the study was to emphasize the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings in dogs with neurological pathology and to support the clinical relevance of the CSF analysis in patients with neurological diseases. A total of six dogs with pleocytosis, from different breeds were included in this study. Cisternal tap was processed and CSF workup was done in all six. Elevated cell count, increased protein level and cytological findings like lymphocytic, monocytic and mixed pleocytosis were also observed. CSF cytological findings were consistent with inflammatory disorders. CSF analysis is a safe diagnostic tool for detecting central nervous system inflammation in our study, still not confirmatory based solely for definitive diagnosis.

scholarly journals Inflammatory cerebrospinal fluid analysis in cats: Clinical diagnosis and outcome

2005 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Singh ◽  
D.J. Foster ◽  
G. Child ◽  
W.A. Lamb
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Central Nervous System Disease ◽  
Nervous System Disease ◽  
Differential Count ◽  
System Disease ◽  
Csf Analysis

The medical records of 62 cats with clinical signs of central nervous system disease and accompanying inflammatory cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis were examined retrospectively to determine if signalment, clinical signs, CSF analysis and ancillary testing could accurately predict the type of central nervous system disease that was present. An inflammatory CSF was defined as one in which a total nucleated cell count was greater than 5 cells/μl or one in which the total nucleated cell count was normal but the nucleated cell differential count was abnormal. Sex, degree of CSF inflammation, neuroanatomical location and systemic signs provided little contributory information to the final diagnosis. In 63% of the cases a presumptive diagnosis could be made based on a combination of clinical signs, clinicopathological data and ancillary diagnostic tests. CSF analysis alone was useful only in the diagnosis of cats with feline infectious peritonitis, Cryptococcus species infection, lymphoma and trauma. Overall, despite extensive diagnostic evaluation, a specific diagnosis could not be made in 37% of cats. The prognosis for cats with inflammatory CSF was poor with 77% of cats surviving less than 1 year.

Interleukin 6 in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Meningitis is not a Useful Diagnostic Marker in the Differential Diagnosis of Meningitis

1997 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
L F López-Cortés ◽  
M Cruz-Ruiz ◽  
J Gómez-Mateos ◽  
D Jiménez-Hernández ◽  
P Viciana-Fernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Diagnostic Marker ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Central Nervous System Infections ◽  
Pyogenic Meningitis

We assayed interleukin 6 (IL-6) concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients affected by meningitis of different aetiologies, and verified whether IL-6 can be used as a diagnostic marker in the differential diagnosis of meningitis. We used a monoclonal antibody enzyme immunoassay to test 98 CSF samples classified as pyogenic (15), viral (15), self-resolving aseptic meningitis (20), other infectious meningitis (9), neoplastic (4) and normal CSF from patients with (20) and without (15) non-infectious neurological diseases. CSF IL-6 concentrations were increased in pyogenic meningitis (100%) and in more than 50% of viral and other subarachnoid space infections, and rarely in patients without central nervous system infections. Though patients affected by pyogenic meningitis showed the highest levels of CSF IL-6, only a cut-off point ≥10000 pg/mL was able to discriminate pyogenic meningitis from those of other aetiologies with a specificity ≥94% and a positive predictive value of ≥0·75 but the sensitivity was ≤60%. Therefore, CSF IL-6 concentration is not a good diagnostic marker in the differential diagnosis of meningitis.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and Neurological Manifestations

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (03) ◽  
pp. 177-182
Author(s):  
Neeraj Balaini ◽  
Manish Modi
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Neural Tissue ◽  
Retrograde Transport ◽  
Shortness Of Breath ◽  
Neurological Manifestations ◽  
Virus Rna ◽  
Viral Illness

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a viral illness caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) which has taken the form of a pandemic. It mainly presents as fever, cough, shortness of breath involving respiratory system but neurological manifestations are increasingly being recognized worldwide and even virus RNA was demonstrated to be present in cerebrospinal fluid of a patient. SARS-CoV-2 involves both central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. Virus can enter the neural tissue from hematological route or through retrograde transport from nerve endings. Physicians especially neurologists should be aware regarding neurological manifestations as patient can present with these conditions in emergency. We therefore reviewed the neurological diseases or complications associated with COIVID-19 in available literature.

Diagnostic Tests

2018 ◽  
pp. 42-62
Author(s):  
Andrea C. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Csf Analysis ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

The diagnostic tests used most often to evaluate patients who have disease of the central nervous system (CNS) include cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, electroencephalography (EEG), evoked potentials, electromyography (EMG), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These tests should be used to supplement or to extend the clinical examination.

scholarly journals Central Nervous System Inflammation and Neurological Disease in Transgenic Mice Expressing the CC Chemokine CCL21 in Oligodendrocytes

2002 ◽  
Vol 168 (3) ◽  
pp. 1009-1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-Cheng Chen ◽  
Michael W. Leach ◽  
Yuetian Chen ◽  
Xiao-Yan Cai ◽  
Lee Sullivan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Neurological Disease ◽  
Central Nervous System Inflammation ◽  
Cc Chemokine

scholarly journals Clinical and Laboratory Findings That Differentiate Herpes Simplex Virus Central Nervous System Disease from Enteroviral Meningitis

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Layli Sanaee ◽  
Monica Taljaard ◽  
Tim Karnauchow ◽  
Jeffrey J. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Mental Status ◽  
Altered Mental Status ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
Csf Findings

Background. It can be difficult for clinicians to distinguish between the relatively benign enteroviral (EnV) meningitis and potentially lethal herpes simplex virus (HSV) central nervous system (CNS) disease. Very limited evidence currently exists to guide them.Objective. This study sought to identify clinical features and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings associated with HSV CNS disease.Methods. Given that PCR testing often is not immediately available, this chart review study sought to identify clinical and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings associated with HSV meningitis over a 6-year period. In cases where PCR was not performed, HSV and EnV were assigned based on clinical criteria.Results. We enrolled 166 consecutive patients: 40 HSV and 126 EnV patients. HSV patients had a mean 40.4 versus 31.3 years for EnV,p=0.005, seizures 21.1% versus 1.6% for EnV,p<0.001, altered mental status 46.2% versus 3.2% for EnV,p<0.001, or neurological deficits 44.7% versus 3.9% for EnV,p<0.001. CSF neutrophils were lower in HSV (median 3.0% versus 9.5%,p=0.0002); median lymphocytes (87.0% versus 67.0%,p=0.0004) and protein (0.9 g/L versus 0.6 g/L,p=0.0005) were elevated.Conclusion. Our study found that HSV patients were older and more likely to have seizure, altered mental status, or neurological deficits than patients with benign EnV meningitis. HSV cases had lower CSF neutrophils, higher lymphocytes, and higher protein levels.

Structure of Neurological Pathology in Children with Impaired Visual Functions

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 145-149
Author(s):  
T. G. Sagaidak ◽  
N. P. Putintseva ◽  
V. V. Shprakh
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Visual System ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Central Nervous System Damage ◽  
Visual Functions ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Neurological Pathology

In children’s neurology, problems of diagnosis and correction of the effects of perinatal lesions of the central nervous system, having a different structure and severity depending on the age of patients, are relevant. Comorbid conditions, to which, to a certain extent, neurological diseases in children associated with functional and structural disorders of the visual system can be attributed.Aim. To study the features of neurological pathology, concomitant to violation of visual functions in children of different age groups.Methods. A neurological examination of 549 children from 3 to 16 years old with various diseases of the visual system was performed. To assess the age characteristics the patients were divided into three groups of preschool, junior and senior school age. The study included a retrospective analysis of ambulatory cards, an interview with parents and an assessment of objective neurological status. If there were indications, additional examination was prescribed (spondylography with functional tests, electroencephalography and others).Results. The features of the structural distribution of neurological pathology in children, which differed from those in the general population, were identified. The dominant disorders are neuro-orthopedic disorders in the form of dorsopathies at the level of the cervical spine.Conclusion. In the structure of neurological pathology in children with structural and functional changes in the visual system, the symptom complex prevails, which is typical for minimal effects of natal damage to the cervical spine, confirmed by X-ray studies. Also a certain relationship of neurological and ophthalmic pathology was identified. The consequences of perinatal central nervous system damage and peripheral cervical insufficiency, as manifestations of dorsopathy, were more often associated with strabismus. In the same group, the maximum number of children with partial atrophy of the optic nerve was revealed.

Cerebrospinal Fluid

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Greenlee
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Viral Meningitis ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Central Nervous System Infections ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Csf Analysis ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Csf Examination

Evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid is of essential importance in the diagnosis of central nervous system infections, with a major role in the diagnosis of meningitis and encephalitis. In bacterial and viral meningitis, CSF evaluation is usually straightforward, and well-defined serological and molecular techniques are available for CSF examination in many of the more common viral encephalitides. This is in contrast to CSF evaluation in cases of tuberculous and chronic meningitis, in which organisms may be difficult to detect by culture or polymerase chain methods or antigen detection. This chapter first discusses the anatomy and physiology of CSF production, reviews concepts of CSF analysis, and then reviews CSF changes in the major categories of central nervous system infections.

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