scholarly journals Solidago gigantea Ait. and Calamagrostis epigejos (L) Roth invasive plants as potential forage for goats

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 12197
Author(s):  
Sándor HAJNÁCZKI ◽  
Ferenc PAJOR ◽  
Norbert PÉTER ◽  
Ákos BODNÁR ◽  
Károly PENKSZA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Plants ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Supplemental Feed ◽  
Solidago Gigantea ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Calamagrostis Epigejos

The experiment focused on feed evaluation was conducted with goats to determine the feeding value of two aggressive weeds, the giant goldenrod (Solidago gigantea) and the bushgrass (Calamagrostis epigejos). Studied plants at the pre bloom stage were evaluated for feeding value by 7-month-old castrated goats (n=5 per group, BW=25.0 kg). All animals received no supplemental feed. The two plants differed in content of dry matter (DM) (266 vs. 394 g/kg) as well as in crude protein (119 vs. 86g), crude fibre (222 vs. 317 g) and N-free extract (523 vs. 447 g) per kg DM. In this study, total daily DM intake from giant goldenrod and bushgrass was similar (666 vs. 689 g/goat). Apparent digestibility of these plants was similar for organic matter (58-59%), but differed for crude protein (71 vs 53%) and N-free extract (72-62%). The values of total digestible nutrients (55.9-53.4%), net energy for maintenance (NEm: 4.90-4.54 MJ) and net energy for lactation (NEl: 5.16-4.91 MJ) per kg DM were similar. The study concluded that Solidago gigantea and Calamagrostis epigejos aggressive plants could be interesting feed for goats due to their feeding values. In addition, both of these aggressive weeds are relatively easily available.

The Apparent Digestibility of Nutrients and Energy Value to Pigs of Plantains (Musa Sapientum Var. Paradisiaca Linn)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-191
Author(s):  
V. A. Oyenuga ◽  
B. L. Fetuga
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Large White ◽  
High Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract

The proximate and mineral constituents of six plantain forms, raw green plantain (RGP), cooked green plantain (CGP), raw ripe plantain (RRP), cooked ripe plantain (CRP), green plantain meal (GPM) and ripe plantain meal (RPM) were determined by chemical analysis. 24 large white barrows, weighing initially, between 40-45 kg., were used to study the apparent digestibility of nutrients, digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME), metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen retention (ME(n) and total digestible nutrients when the plantains served as the only source of nutrients. In a second experiment ME and ME(n) were measured for the plantain forms using 28 Large White barrows, with diets in which the plantains replaced 50% of maize in a basal diet. All the plantain forms had low fat, crude fibre and crude protein content but high in nitrogen-free extract, phosphorus, potassium and Iron. Identically high dry matter (D.M.) and nitrogen-free extract (N.F.E.) digestion coefficients were obtained for all the plantain forms except RPM, which had significantly lower values. Digestion coefficients for crude protein (46.9, 53.6, 51.8, 34.3,-32.7 %), crude fibre, (46.6, 49.5, 58.7, 62.6, 56.9, 39.6 %), ether extract (55.9, 56.6, 66.9, 69.2, 54.7 and 34.6 %) for RGP, CGP, RRP, CRP, GPM and RPM respectively were considerably lower than for D.M. and N.F.E. The DE, ME ME(n) and TDN values were comparable for all plantain forms except RPM, which had significantly lower values in most cases. The fresh green plantains and green plantain meals had slightly higher energy values than the ripe plantains, even though the nutrients in the ripe plantains were better digested than in the green forms. The results are discussed in relation to variations in the relative proportions of the simple and more complex carbohydrates during ripening.

Nutrient apparent digestibility and the performance of growing fattening pigs as affected by incremental additions of fat to starch or non-starch polysaccharides

1995 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. M. Bakker ◽  
R. Jongbloed ◽  
M. W. A. Verstegen ◽  
A. W. Jongbloed ◽  
M. W. Bosch
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Maize Starch ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Crude Lipid ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Fermentable Carbohydrates

AbstractIn a factorial design, animal fat was added incrementally (0, 35, 70 and 105 g/kg) to maize starch (M) or to two sources of fermentable carbohydrates (260 g purified cellulose (C) per kg or 270 g soya-bean hulls (S) per kg). The 12 experimental diets were formulated by replacing maize starch in the control diet with fat, cellulose and soya-bean hulls of equivalent estimated net energy. Ninety-six castrated males were given these diets according to net energy. Apparent digestibilities of crude protein, crude lipid, crude fibre and nitrogen-free extract were measured and were compared with those expected from the separate ingredients. Net energy conversion ratio (nECR) was also measured. Results showed that in the C and the S diets prediction of the apparent digestibility of nutrients was worse than in the M diets (significant effect of source of carbohydrate). Prediction of apparent digestibility of crude protein and crude lipid improved as the added fat increased (significant effect of amount of fat), except in the C and S diets where for digestible crude lipid the 70 g added fat per kg gave the worst prediction (significant effect of the interaction). The net energy calculated from the experimental data on apparent digestibility was proportionately between 0·83 and 0·98 of that calculated from the expected data. The pigs on the C and S treatments showed a significant lower nECR when calculated from the expected apparent digestibility coefficients, but not when calculated from those which were measured. At the highest fat addition, the nECR was poorest. It is concluded that the amounts of digestible components in compound foods cannot always be obtained from those in the separate ingredients.

The effect of pattern of daily feeding of pregnant sows on apparent digestibility

1967 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 547-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Frape ◽  
R. W. Hocken
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Daily Ration ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Daily Feeding

Three trials with pregnant sows tied in stalls have been conducted to measure the effects on ration digestibility: (a) of a pelleted compound given once or twice per day, (b) of half the daily ration fed as barley at a separate time from the pelleted concentrate and (c) when the order during the day in which the barley and concentrate were fed was reversed.Giving pelleted complete rations twice as opposed to once per day led to slight improvements in the apparent digestibility of dietary dry matter, grpss energy, crude fibre and phosphorus. When half the daily ration was given as crushed barley in the morning the apparent digestibility of phosphorus was slightly higher than it was when barley was given in the afternoon. Nevertheless the apparent digestibility of dry matter and crude protein was greater for the complete mixture given twice per day. All these effects were statistically significant.

The apparent digestibility of crude protein by the ruminant: IV. The effect of crude fibre

1957 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Glover ◽  
M. H. French
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
General Equation ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
The Other ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Modified Equation

The role of crude fibre in modifying the general equation relating the digestibility coefficient of crude protein to the percentage of crude protein in the dry matter of a feed is described.It is shown that for normal average food-stuffs the effect is slight and that for all practical routine purposes the original equation will provide satisfactory estimates of the digestibility coefficient when only the crude-protein content of the dry feed is known.On the other hand, when exceptional feeds are encountered, particularly those in which the crudefibre/crude-protein relationship is abnormal, then more accurate estimates of the digestibility coefficient of crude protein can be obtained from the modified equation which is described above.

Intake and digestibility of fatty acids in late-lactating dairy cows fed flaxseed hulls supplemented with monensin

2011 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiano Côrtes ◽  
Daniele da Silva-Kazama ◽  
Ricardo Kazama ◽  
Chaouki Benchaar ◽  
Lucia M Zeoula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows

Flaxseed hull, a co-product obtained from flax processing, is a rich source of n−3 fatty acids but there is little information on digestibility of its nutrients by dairy cows. Four rumen-cannulated multiparous Holstein cows averaging 665±21 kg of body weight and 190±5 d in milk at the beginning of the experiment were assigned to a 4×4 Latin square design with four 28-d experimental periods to determine the effects of feeding monensin and flaxseed hulls on total tract apparent digestibility of nutrients and fatty acids. The four treatments were: (1) diet CO: control with neither flaxseed hulls nor monensin added; (2) diet FH containing 19·8 g flaxseed hulls/100 g dry matter (DM); (3) diet MO with 16 mg monensin/kg DM; (4) diet HM containing 19·8 g flaxseed hulls/100 g DM and 16 mg monensin/kg DM. Diets provided similar amounts of protein and net energy of lactation. Digestibility of crude protein was higher for diets containing flaxseed hulls and for diets supplemented with monensin. Flaxseed hulls supplementation decreased digestibility of acid and neutral detergent fibre. Significantly higher digestibility of ether extract and individual fatty acids was observed for treatments with flaxseed hulls compared with treatments without flaxseed hulls. A combination of flaxseed hulls and monensin did not result in better fatty acid digestibility than when feeding only flaxseed hulls.

The digestibility coefficients of myristic, palmitic and stearic acids in the diet of sheep

1968 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Steele ◽  
J. H. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Myristic Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Melting Points ◽  
Crude Fibre

SummaryThe apparent digestibility coefficients of the various constituents of diets containing myristic, palmitic or stearic acids have been determined in an experiment with 8 sheep.The inclusion of myristic acid in the diet had no effect on the digestibility coefficient of total dry matter or crude protein, but it decreased the digestibility coefficients of crude fibre and nitrogen-free-extractives and increased the digestibility coefficients of fat and minerals. When palmitic acid was included in the diet there were decreases in the digestibility coefficients of total dry matter, crude fibre and nitrogen-free-extractives. The inclusion of stearic acid in the diet resulted in decreases in the digestibility coefficients of dry matter and nitrogen-free-extractives. There was an inverse relationship between the melting points and the digestibility coefficients of the added fatty acids.The findings of this investigation are discussed in relation to the results of a previous study on the effects of these dietary fatty acids on the yield and composition of cow's milk.

Nutritive value of pasture. III. The influence of the intensity of grazing on the composition and nutritive value of pasture herbage (Part I)

1928 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. E. Woodman
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
The Other ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Pasture Grass ◽  
Main Trial ◽  
Feeding Value

The present investigation was undertaken with the object of ascertaining the effect of cutting at fortnightly instead of weekly intervals on the yield of pastures, and on the composition, digestibility and nutritive value of the herbage.The main trial was carried out on the 1925 light-land pasture. The plot was divided into 14 sub-plots, and one sub-plot was mown per day. The whole plot, therefore, was cut over once per fortnight during the season. The results in respect of yield, composition and nutritive value were compared with corresponding results obtained on the same pasture plot under a system of weekly cuts during 1925.A second trial was carried out on sub-plots 2 and 3 of the 1926 heavy-land pasture, one sub-plot being cut weekly and the other fort-nightly. The work in this case was restricted to securing comparative data in respect of yield and composition of herbage.The results from both trials lead to the conclusion that the differences in chemical composition, both organic and inorganic, between pasture grass cut at weekly and fortnightly intervals are inconsiderable. The dry matter of the fortnightly-cut grass is extremely rich in crude protein and contains, in comparison with grass cut at the hay stage of maturity, a low percentage of crude fibre. Moreover, these characteristics are retained, by systematic cutting at fortnightly intervals, over the entire season.The results of the digestion trials justify the conclusion that the dry matter of the pasture herbage grown under a system of fortnightly cutting is a protein concentrate equal in digestibility and nutritive value to that obtained by weekly cutting. There is no significant running off in respect of composition and feeding value during the second week of growth. At the end of a fortnight the herbage still consists of the same immature, non-lignified. tissue as it was at the end of a week's growth.

scholarly journals Improving the feed Utilization of Cassava Peels in smallholder goat production

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-257
Author(s):  
O.A Fasae ◽  
H.B Adegoke ◽  
K.O. Ogunmekan ◽  
I.F. Adu
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
West African ◽  
Palm Kernel Cake ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Cassava Peels

Cassava peels at 25, 50 and 100% were supplemented with varying levels of palm kernel cake with a basal diet of Pennisetum purpereum in an experiment designed to measure its nutritive values and effect on the growth and biochemical parameters of West African Dwarf goats under stall feeding conditions. Goats on 100% cassava peels (CPL) recorded the least dry matter intake (DMI). The supplementation of CPL with PKC significantly increased (P<0.05) the DMI for goats on 25 and 50% CPL with those on 50% CPL having the highest DM. The dry matter, crude protein and crude fibre of goats on 50% CPL were most digested (P<0.05) while those on 100% CPL were the least. The lower intake and digestibility of dry matter and crude protein by goats on 100% CPL reflected a significantly (P<0.05) low body weight change (0.55kg) compared to the other treatments. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) between the values for all the blood parameters monitored in the study as all fell within the normal range for goats. It was concluded that cassava peels can have a great potential for goat feeding as its feeding value can be improved by supplementing with a protein source, such as palm kernel cake.

scholarly journals Apparent digestibility in meat-type guinea pigs as determined by total collection or by internal marker

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 203-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Guevara ◽  
T. Claeys ◽  
G.P.J. Janssens
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Collection Method ◽  
Internal Marker ◽  
Meat Type

Six adult male meat-type guinea pigs were subjected to three subsequent digestibility trials with 100% alfalfa, 50% alfalfa and 50% sugar cane and 50% alfalfa and 50% concentrate. For each animal in each period, feed intakes were recorded and all faeces were collected and stored at –20°C until analysis. Feeds and faeces were analysed for dry matter, crude ash, crude protein, ether-extract, crude fibre and acid-insoluble ash. Coefficients of apparent digestibility were calculated according to both the total collection method and the marker method with acid-insoluble ash as internal marker. The present study suggests that acid-insoluble ash is not valid as an internal marker when looking at differences between individuals, but might be useful to demonstrate differences between diets, albeit with lack of accuracy for estimating the absolute digestibility coefficients obtained through the total collection method. Sugar cane was slightly less digestible than alfalfa in meat-type guinea-pigs.

scholarly journals Content of nutrients and energy in pasture vegetation and their apparent digestibility in Old Kladruber horses

2013 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
Eva Straková ◽  
Pavel Suchý
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Acid Detergent Lignin ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Pure Protein ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre

This study focuses on the determination of apparent digestibility of pasture vegetation nutrients in horses of the Old Kladruber breed through a balance indicator method (determination of acid insoluble ash). When evaluating the nitrogenous substances, their determination was based on the content of pure protein (sum of amino acids) which is more accurate than crude protein. There were differences in the chemical composition of dry matter from pasture vegetation and horse excrements. Regarding crude fat, crude fibre, acid detergent fibre, neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent lignin, ash, P and Mg, the average values in dry matter of horse excrements were significantly (P≤ 0.01) higher; on the contrary, we found significantly (P≤ 0.01) lower mean values of nitrogen-free extract, organic matter and Ca ​​in the dry mass of pasture grass. The highest coefficient of apparent digestibility for organic nutrients was determined in the nitrogen-free extract (73%) followed with organic matter (71%), pure protein (68%), crude protein (65%) and crude fat (61%). In case of fibre and its fractions, the apparent digestibility coefficients decreased as follows: crude fibre (66%), neutral detergent fibre (66%), acid detergent fibre (63%) and acid detergent lignin (42%). Significantly lower values were determined for coefficients of apparent digestibility for minerals P (16%) and Mg (50%), which highlights the need for their regular supplementation in horses on pasture. This study extends the current state of knowledge regarding the apparent digestibility of pasture vegetation which is a prerequisite for optimal nutrition of horses.

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