scholarly journals Lack of joint attention in preschoolers with different forms of atypical development

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yana Smirnova ◽  
◽  
Aleksandr Mudruk ◽  
Anna Makashova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Joint Attention ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Experimental Situation ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Attention Disorders ◽  
Comprehensive Development ◽  
Atypical Development

The article analyzes the problem of the deficit of the mechanism of joint attention, which affects the formation of the child's ability to separate intentions as a social foundation for the processes of mastering cognitive functions, using speech and learning. The study is devoted to a comparative analysis of the picture of atypical joint attention in a sample of children with different forms of developmental disabilities. To understand the normative and deficient manifestations of joint attention, a comparative study of a sample of typically developing preschool children with groups of children with atypical development was carried out. The aim of the study was to highlight the manifestation of a deficit in joint attention, which prevents involvement in dyadic (bilateral) interactions with an adult, which are necessary for the comprehensive development and learning of a child. Methodology. In an experimental situation of real interaction of a child with an adult and with the help of an eye tracker, it was possible to fix eye movements as a marker of joint attention in real time. The specificity of the functional organization of oculomotor activity as an indicator of the child's participation in joint attention is highlighted. Results and its discussion. Methods of tracking eye movements made it possible to analyze critical shifts of attention, changes in focus of attention, gaze shifting, eye recognition as an informative sign and perception of the partner's gaze direction as a necessary condition for the effective establishment of an episode of joint attention. Conclusions. The following were recorded as diagnostic markers of joint attention disorders in preschoolers with different forms of atypical development: difficulties in following the direction of an adult's gaze; anticipatory actions of the child or decision-making by the method of "guessing" / "trial and error"; the predominance of the orientation of the child's attention to the object, and not to the adult; dispersion of fixations of visual attention; the use of additional multimodal means of establishing joint attention (head turn, gestures, speech, etc.); decrease in the accuracy of fixing visual attention.

Eye-tracking study of joint attention deficits in pre-school age

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 46-59
Author(s):  
Ya. K. Smirnova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Joint Attention ◽  
Fixation Duration ◽  
Speech Development ◽  
Attention Deficits ◽  
Fixation Time ◽  
Attention Disorders ◽  
Gaze Tracking ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Atypical Development ◽  
Areas Of Interest

The article investigates joint attention deficits in various forms of atypical development using eye movement recording. Preschoolers aged 5-7 years from different clinical groups participated in the study: typically developing (n = 20), with mental retardation (ICD-10 class F83) (n = 20), preschoolers with delayed speech development (ICD-10 class R47) (n = 20), with hearing impairment (sensorineural hearing loss, ICD-10 class H90) (n = 10) and with visual impairment (amblyopia and strabismus, IBC-10 class H53) (n = 20). Contrasting group analyses allowed us to identify both specific and universal manifestations of joint attention deficit symptoms in the different forms of atypical development. Gaze tracking was used to analyze fixation duration and frequency, fixation distribution, areas of interest, and to identify markers of joint attention deficits that interfere with the child's productive interaction with an adult. Potential mechanisms of atypical joint attention are described, including atypical direction of gaze, changes in the dynamics of the operative visual field, duration of visual concentration, and accuracy in fixing the object’s elements. It is shown that fixation time in joint attention episodes can be regarded as a prognostic marker of joint attention disorders: joint attention is associated not only with spatial characteristics of areas of interest, but also with fixation duration on the object (decrease/increase in fixation duration).

Assessing distractibility by eye movements in a binocular rivalry task

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 263-263
Author(s):  
J.A. Amador Campos ◽  
A. Aznar Casanova ◽  
J.J. Ortiz Guerra ◽  
A. Medina Peña ◽  
S.C. Solarte Hurtado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Binocular Rivalry ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Attention Disorders ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Areas Of Interest ◽  
And Control

IntroductionAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurobehavioral disorder, characterized by developmentally inappropriate levels of overactivity, inattention and impulsivity. Measuring inattention is a controversial question in ADHD diagnosis. Eye movement could provide a method to assess distractibility. Several studies have related visual attention and perceptual dominance in binocular rivalry.ObjectivesTo assess visual attention through the measurement of fixations in a binocular rivalry task in ADHD children and control groups.AimsWe proposed a task for the assessment of distractibility and to enhance the diagnosis of attention disorders.MethodsForty children, 20 with ADHD-combined type and 20 controls, matched by gender, age and intelligence, were tested with a binocular rivalry task (i.e. an anaglyph image) with an exogenous distractor appearing regularly. The stimulus was divided in four Areas of Interest (AOI). Measurements of duration of the periods of exclusive dominance, perceptual alternations in dominance / suppression and fixations were taken by an eye tracker and a response box. Analysis of Variance was used to test differences between ADHD and control groups.ResultsSignificant differences between ADHD and control groups were found in dwells at the main AOI. Also, significant differences between groups in “Fixation over alternations ratio” were found.ConclusionsADHD participants looked at the relevant region (AOI_1) for a shorter time than the control group; they also looked at the no demanded regions (AOI_2, AOI_3, AOI_4) longer than the control group. Moreover, the ratio fixations/alternations were greater for the control group than the ADHD group.

scholarly journals Eye-tracking analysis of leafy vegetables

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
Ildikó Fruzsina Boros ◽  
László Sipos ◽  
Attila Gere
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Consumer Decision Making ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Scientific Publications

There is a great supply of leafy vegetables on the market; hence capturing consumer’s attention (and decision) is critically important. Several scientific publications deal with consumer choices and the newest technology to capture consumer attention is eye-tracking. Eye-trackers are commonly used in Western Europe and Asia also, where it is an important and widely-used tool during product developments and the creation of marketing strategies. In Hungary, there are only a few publications about eye-tracking applications in vegetable growing and food industry. In our research, photographs about sorrel, lamb lettuce, spinach, leaf lettuce and dandelion leafs were analysed by eye-tracking technology and the eye movements of the participants during their decision making process of leafy vegetables were captured and evaluated. The eye-tracking analyses were carried out in the Sensory Laboratory of the Faculty of Food Sciences of Szent István University, using a Tobii X2-60 eye-tracker and Tobii Studio (version 3.0.5, Tobii Technology AB, Sweden) software. We aimed to answer the following research questions: Are there any connections between the eye movements of participants and their decisions? What amount of visual attention can be registered during the decision making process? Furthermore, the following metrics were measured and evaluated: fixation durations on the leafy vegetables, number of returns to products, pathways of visual attention, time until the final decision making and motivation of their final decisions. Measurement of the subconscious consumer decision making processes is way easier using eye-trackers compared to the traditional questionnaire-based methods, because it is hard or impossible to control our eye movements. Eye-tracking can be used successfully for understanding the expectations and decisions of the consumers.

Cognitive Processing of Film Cuts Among 4- to 8-Year-Old Children

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Munk ◽  
Günter Daniel Rey ◽  
Anna Katharina Diergarten ◽  
Gerhild Nieding ◽  
Wolfgang Schneider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Media Literacy ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Short Film ◽  
Calculation Formula ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Chronological Sequence

An eye tracker experiment investigated 4-, 6-, and 8-year old children’s cognitive processing of film cuts. Nine short film sequences with or without editing errors were presented to 79 children. Eye movements up to 400 ms after the targeted film cuts were measured and analyzed using a new calculation formula based on Manhattan Metrics. No age effects were found for jump cuts (i.e., small movement discontinuities in a film). However, disturbances resulting from reversed-angle shots (i.e., a switch of the left-right position of actors in successive shots) led to increased reaction times between 6- and 8-year old children, whereas children of all age groups had difficulties coping with narrative discontinuity (i.e., the canonical chronological sequence of film actions is disrupted). Furthermore, 4-year old children showed a greater number of overall eye movements than 6- and 8-year old children. This indicates that some viewing skills are developed between 4 and 6 years of age. The results of the study provide evidence of a crucial time span of knowledge acquisition for television-based media literacy between 4 and 8 years.

External Appearance and Internal Decoration Design of Loader Based on Eye Tracker

2014 ◽  
Vol 519-520 ◽  
pp. 828-832
Author(s):  
He Shan Liu ◽  
Xun Chen ◽  
Jun Zhou ◽  
Wei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Professional Group ◽  
Instrument Panel ◽  
Sales Volume ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
External Appearance ◽  
Experimental Subjects

In today’s marketplace, external appearance and internal decoration become an increasingly important factor that affecting sales volume of product. Moreover, for loaders, the external appearance and decoration of the cab may influence the driver’s comfort both visually and mentally. In order to find out how it works, we divided the experimental subjects into professional group and nonprofessional group and used eye tracker to record subjects’ responses (eye movements) to the pictures of the loader, and then analyzed these responses with the eye tracker build-in analyzing software. The results show that the professional are more interested in functional parts and the nonprofessionals are more likely to be influenced by appearance shape and color; the instrument panel is less attracted during the whole experiments.

scholarly journals A Fast and Effective System for Analysis of Optokinetic Waveforms with a Low-Cost Eye Tracking Device

Healthcare ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Chong-Bin Tsai ◽  
Wei-Yu Hung ◽  
Wei-Yen Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Saccadic Eye Movements ◽  
Slow Phase ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Effective System ◽  
Tracking Device ◽  
Traditional Approaches

Optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) is an involuntary eye movement induced by motion of a large proportion of the visual field. It consists of a “slow phase (SP)” with eye movements in the same direction as the movement of the pattern and a “fast phase (FP)” with saccadic eye movements in the opposite direction. Study of OKN can reveal valuable information in ophthalmology, neurology and psychology. However, the current commercially available high-resolution and research-grade eye tracker is usually expensive. Methods & Results: We developed a novel fast and effective system combined with a low-cost eye tracking device to accurately quantitatively measure OKN eye movement. Conclusions: The experimental results indicate that the proposed method achieves fast and promising results in comparisons with several traditional approaches.

scholarly journals Saliency-Based Gaze Visualization for Eye Movement Analysis

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 5178
Author(s):  
Sangbong Yoo ◽  
Seongmin Jeong ◽  
Seokyeon Kim ◽  
Yun Jang
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Saliency Map ◽  
Gaze Behavior ◽  
The Gaze ◽  
Movement Data ◽  
Visual Clues ◽  
Human Visual Attention

Gaze movement and visual stimuli have been utilized to analyze human visual attention intuitively. Gaze behavior studies mainly show statistical analyses of eye movements and human visual attention. During these analyses, eye movement data and the saliency map are presented to the analysts as separate views or merged views. However, the analysts become frustrated when they need to memorize all of the separate views or when the eye movements obscure the saliency map in the merged views. Therefore, it is not easy to analyze how visual stimuli affect gaze movements since existing techniques focus excessively on the eye movement data. In this paper, we propose a novel visualization technique for analyzing gaze behavior using saliency features as visual clues to express the visual attention of an observer. The visual clues that represent visual attention are analyzed to reveal which saliency features are prominent for the visual stimulus analysis. We visualize the gaze data with the saliency features to interpret the visual attention. We analyze the gaze behavior with the proposed visualization to evaluate that our approach to embedding saliency features within the visualization supports us to understand the visual attention of an observer.

Eye Movements as a Means to Evaluate Operation Interface of Flat Knitting Machine

2014 ◽  
Vol 607 ◽  
pp. 664-668
Author(s):  
Zhi Hui Liu ◽  
Sheng Ze Wang ◽  
Qiong Shen ◽  
Jia Jun Feng
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Layout Design ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Heat Maps ◽  
Machine Operation

This study investigates the characteristics of eye movements by operating flat knitting machine. For the objective evaluation purpose of the flat knitting machine operation interface, we arrange participants finish operation tasks on the interface, then use eye tracker to analyze and evaluate the layout design. Through testing of the different layout designs, we get fixation sequences, the count of fixation, heat maps, and fixation length. The results showed that the layout design could significantly affect the eye-movement, especially the fixation sequences and the heat maps, the count of fixation and fixation length are always impacted by operation tasks. Overall, data obtained from eye movements can not only be used to evaluate the operation interface, but also significantly enhance the layout design of the flat knitting machine.

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