Control Strategies of Electrical Power on Smart Buildings, a Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 764 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Álvarez-Alvarado ◽  
Mario Trejo-Perea ◽  
Maria de los Ángeles Herrera-Arellano ◽  
José Gabriel Ríos-Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Smart Buildings

scholarly journals Dynamic grid fault analysis in wind power plant with DFIG by using supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) viewer

2020 ◽  
Vol 181 ◽  
pp. 03006
Author(s):  
Nduwamungu Aphrodis ◽  
Ntagwirumugara Etienne ◽  
Utetiwabo Wellars ◽  
Mulolani Francis
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Fault Analysis ◽  
Operational Mode ◽  
Electrical Power Systems ◽  
Fault Ride Through ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Clearing Time

Faults in electrical power systems are among the key factors and sources to network disturbances, however control strategies are among key faults clearing techniques for the sake of safe operational mode of the system.Some researchers have shown various limitations of control strategies such as slow dynamic response,inability to switch Off and On network remotely and fault clearing time. For a system with wind energy technologies, if the power flow of a wind turbine is interrupted by a fault, the intermediate-circuit voltage between the machine-side converter and line-side converter will fall in unacceptably high values.To overcome the aforementioned issues, this paper used a Matlab simulations and experiments in order to analyze and validate the results.The results showed that fault ride through (FRT) with SCADA Viewer software are more adaptable to the variations of voltage and wind speed in order to avoid loss of synchronism. Therefore at the speed of 12.5m/s a wind produced a rated power of 750W and remained in synchronization before and after a fault created and cleared but worked as generator meanwhile at speed of 3.4m/s wind disconnected from grid and started working as a motor and consumed active power (P=-25watts) and voltage dip at 100% .For the protection purpose, the DC chopper and crowbar should be integrated towards management of excess energy during faults cases.

scholarly journals Review on Power Quality Enhancement and its effects on Micro Grid

IJOSTHE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Ankeeta . ◽  
Vasant Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Power Quality ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Quality Enhancement ◽  
Reliability Of Operation ◽  
Unbalanced Loads

Power generation through the renewable energy sources has become more viable and economical than the fossil fuel based power plants. By integrating small scale distributed energy resources, microgrids are being introduced as an alternative approach in generating electrical power at distribution voltage level. The power electronic interface provides the necessary flexibility, security and reliability of operation between micro-sources and the distribution system. The presence of non-linear and the unbalanced loads in the distribution system causes power quality issues in the Microgrid system. This paper explores and reviews different control strategies developed in the literature for the power quality enhancement in microgrids.

scholarly journals A Mixed Binary Linear Programming Model for Optimal Energy Management of Smart Buildings

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Foroozandeh ◽  
Sérgio Ramos ◽  
João Soares ◽  
Fernando Lezama ◽  
Zita Vale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Programming ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Electricity Sector ◽  
Smart Buildings ◽  
Binary Linear Programming

Efficient alternatives in energy production and consumption are constantly being investigated and conducted by increasingly strict policies. Buildings have a significant influence on electricity consumption, and their management may contribute to the sustainability of the electricity sector. Additionally, with growing incentives in the distributed generation (DG) and electric vehicle (EV) industries, it is believed that smart buildings (SBs) can play a key role in sustainability goals. In this work, an energy management system is developed to reduce the power demands of a residential building, considering the flexibility of the contracted power of each apartment. In order to balance the demand and supply, the electrical power provided by the external grid is supplemented by microgrids such as battery energy storage systems (BESS), EVs, and photovoltaic (PV) generation panels. Here, a mixed binary linear programming formulation (MBLP) is proposed to optimize the scheduling of the EVs charge and discharge processes and also those of BESS, in which the binary decision variables represent the charging and discharging of EVs/BESS in each period. In order to show the efficiency of the model, a case study involving three scenarios and an economic analysis are considered. The results point to a 65% reduction in peak load consumption supplied by an external power grid and a 28.4% reduction in electricity consumption costs.

scholarly journals Design and implementation of a power smoothing system for cross-flow current turbines

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Aaronson ◽  
Brian Polagye ◽  
Brian Johnson ◽  
Robert J. Cavagnaro
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Pass Filter ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
Low Pass Filter ◽  
Mechanical Power Output

AbstractThis study presents an efficient system that smooths fluctuations in electrical power from a cross-flow (i.e., “vertical-axis”) turbine. The proposed solution is a two-stage approach consisting of a low-pass filter and a bi-directional buck-boost converter. The design and stability characteristics of the system are presented, followed by time-domain simulation and validation against small-scale experiments. When this validated simulation is applied to a full-scale system, we demonstrate a 99% root mean square reduction in fluctuating power output with only a 3% drop in electrical system efficiency. This could allow intracycle control strategies to increase mechanical power output without causing electrical power fluctuations that are incompatible with direct use.

scholarly journals Strategies for an Adaptive Control System to Improve Power Grid Resilience with Smart Buildings

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4472
Author(s):  
Mischa Ahrens ◽  
Fabian Kern ◽  
Hartmut Schmeck
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Smart Buildings ◽  
Energy Management Systems ◽  
Central Controller ◽  
Extreme Load ◽  
The Future ◽  
Local Controller ◽  
Renewable Energy Generation

Low-voltage distribution grids face new challenges through the expansion of decentralized,renewable energy generation and the electrification of the heat and mobility sectors. We present amulti-agent system consisting of the energy management systems of smart buildings, a central gridcontroller, and the local controller of a transformer. It can coordinate the provision of ancillary servicesfor the local grid in a centralized way, coordinated by the central controller, and in a decentralizedway, where each building makes independent control decisions based on locally measurable data.The presented system and the different control strategies provide the foundation for a fully adaptivegrid control system we plan to implement in the future, which does not only provide resilienceagainst electricity outages but also against communication failures by appropriate switching ofstrategies. The decentralized strategy, meant to be used during communication failures, could alsobe used exclusively if communication infrastructure is generally unavailable. The strategies areevaluated in a simulated scenario designed to represent the most extreme load conditions that mightoccur in low-voltage grids in the future. In the tested scenario, they can substantially reduce voltagerange deviations, transformer temperatures, and line congestions.

Optimum Power Control of Household Appliances Using IoT in Smart Buildings

2019 ◽  
pp. 259-279
Author(s):  
Waselul Haque Sadid ◽  
Prianka Islam ◽  
Kowshik Das
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Power Control ◽  
Admission Control ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Matlab Simulink ◽  
Smart Buildings ◽  
Household Appliances ◽  
Home Appliances

This chapter presents a model that is developed to distribute the electrical power among the home appliances efficiently with a given capacity. This chapter works only on the consumer side demand management by designing admission control of the appliances. The authors have proposed an algorithm to schedule different appliances by considering three different cases. The simulation is carried out in MATLAB/Simulink. The results show that the appliances efficiently utilize the provided power by reducing the wastage in power consumption in all cases. Finally, consumers can control the operations of the appliances according to their requirements and the available capacity using IoT.

scholarly journals Review and Comparison of Grid-Tied Inverter Controllers in Microgrids

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommaso Caldognetto
Keyword(s):  
Power Distribution ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Voltage Source ◽  
Smart Power ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Grid Connected Inverter

<div><div><div><p>Grid-tied inverters are widely used for interfacing renewable energy sources or storage devices to low-voltage electrical power distribution systems. Lately, a number of different control techniques have been proposed to address the emerging requirements of the smart power system scenario, in terms of both functionalities and performance. This paper reviews the techniques proposed for the implementation of current-controlled or voltage-controlled inverters in microgrids. By referring to a voltage source inverter with LCL output filter, the different control architectures are classified as single-, double-, and triple- loop. Then, the functionalities that are needed or recommended in the grid-connected, islanded, and autonomous operating modes of the grid-tied inverter are identified and their implementation in the different control structures is discussed. To validate the analysis and to better illustrate the merits and limitations of the most effective solutions, six control strategies are finally implemented and experimentally compared on a single-phase, grid-connected inverter setup.</p></div></div></div>

scholarly journals Power Quality Improvement using UPQC with Single and Three-Phase Non-linear Loads in Countryside Areas

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
Shuchi Vishnoi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Power Quality ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Phase Distribution ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Synchronous Reference Frame ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Distribution Grids

This paper is intended to simulate a power quality conditioning device, Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC), in countryside areas for non-linear loading. From past decades there is much increase in the requirement of the good quality electrical power in single phase distribution grids established in these locations. Due to technical advancement, three-phase loads are practiced more than single phase loads so that the demand for three phase distribution grids is growing. But the installation process of three-phase grids, at countryside areas, is not an economic option and to get access to these systems is a very challenging task. So a neighbouring three-phase distribution system is required to be established at the location, where single-phase to three-phase UPQC with single wire earth return is appropriate for the end user due to economic considerations. A dual compensation strategy is implemented to obtain the reference quantities for controlling the converters. The proposed idea is accomplished to eliminate voltage harmonics and mitigate further instabilities and power quality problems. This system allows the balanced and regulated voltage with lower harmonic content. Synchronous Reference Frame (SRF) based controllers are considered to organize the input grid current and the load voltages of the UPQC. The present prototype under consideration analyses and validates the compensation and controlling techniques using PI controller. The control strategies are simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK.

scholarly journals Comparison of Control Strategies to Realize Synthetic Inertia in Converters

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 3491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Marchgraber ◽  
Christian Alács ◽  
Yi Guo ◽  
Wolfgang Gawlik ◽  
Adolfo Anta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Frequency Stability ◽  
Synchronous Generators ◽  
Scope Of Application

The increasing amount of renewable energy sources in the electrical energy system leads to an increasing number of converter-based generators connected to the electrical power grid. Other than conventional power plants that are often connected to the grid via synchronous generators, converter-based generators do not provide mechanical inertia intrinsically. Therefore, ensuring frequency stability in the electrical power grid might become even more difficult in the future. With the concept of synthetic inertia, the converter-based generators partially imitate the behavior of conventional generators. By implementing such a concept in converters, they are capable of contributing to frequency stability as well. This paper compares two strategies to realize synthetic inertia by modeling converter-based generators in MATLAB/SIMULINK and simulating their behavior in a small Microgrid. The results prove that any kind of realization of synthetic inertia helps to improve frequency stability. Each of the two investigated strategies may have their scope of application in a future electrical energy system.

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