scholarly journals Influence of hormonal contraceptives and the occurrence of stroke: integrative review

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 647-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adman Câmara Soares Lima ◽  
Larissa Castelo Guedes Martins ◽  
Marcos Venícios de Oliveira Lopes ◽  
Thelma Leite de Araújo ◽  
Francisca Elisângela Teixeira Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Sedentary Lifestyle ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptive ◽  
Integrative Review ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptives ◽  
Contraceptive Agents ◽  
Contraceptive Devices ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Different Types

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify scientific evidence regarding the influence of hormonal contraceptive use and the occurrence of stroke. Method: Integrative review of the literature, through database search using the descriptors "contraceptive agents", "contraceptive devices", "contraceptives, Oral" and "Stroke". Original studies in Portuguese, Spanish and English, published in full and available online were included. Studies that did not answer our guiding questions and duplicated studies were excluded. Results: Women using combined oral contraceptives have higher risk of stroke, even with a lower hormonal dosage and different types of progestogen, regardless of the duration of use. The use of contraceptives associated with smoking, hypertension, migraine, hypercholesterolemia, obesity and sedentary lifestyle increases the chance of stroke. Contraceptive patch and vaginal ring are associated to increased risk. Conclusion: Use of combined hormonal contraceptives, except for the injectable and the transdermal ones, increases the chance of occurrence of the event. Progestogen-only contraceptives were considered safe.

scholarly journals Evidências dos efeitos adversos no uso de anticoncepcionais hormonais orais em mulheres: uma revisão integrativa

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Luiz Santos Couto ◽  
Alba Benemérita Alves Vilela ◽  
Antônio Marcos Tosoli Gomes ◽  
Luana Costa Ferreira ◽  
Maria Luísa Pereira Neves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Oral Contraceptives ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptive ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptives ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Education Personnel ◽  
Las Mujeres

Objetivo: Identificar na literatura as evidências científicas sobre os eventos adversos, oriundos do uso de anticoncepcional hormonal oral por mulheres.  Método: Revisão integrativa de literatura, tendo como fonte de pesquisa as bases de dados Periódico da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, PUBMED e Google Acadêmico, usando os descritores de busca “anticoncepcionais orais” AND “eventos adversos”. Com essa busca foram encontradas inicialmente 202 publicações. Após realizar seleção foram incluídos 17 artigos científicos na revisão. Os textos foram submetidos a análise de conteúdo semântica. Resultados: Foram levantadas três categorias: o uso de anticoncepcionais orais: aspectos clínicos e teóricos; associação entre o uso de anticoncepcionais orais e os eventos trombóticos; relação entre o uso de anticoncepcionais orais, neoplasias e doenças cardiovasculares. Conclusão: Contribuirá para que enfermeiros orientem as mulheres na escolha do método de anticoncepção, levando em consideração as possíveis complicações decorrentes do uso prolongado dos anticoncepcionais orais hormonais composto de estrogênio.Descritores: Anticoncepcionais Orais; Saúde Reprodutiva; Saúde Sexual; Saúde da Mulher.Evidence of adverse effects on oral hormonal contraceptive use in women: integrative reviewObjective: To identify in the literature the scientific evidence on adverse events arising from the use of oral hormonal contraceptives in women. Method: Integrative literature review, using the databases of the Virtual Health Library and the Journal of the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel as a research source, using the search keywords “oral contraceptives” AND “adverse events”. With this search, 202 publications were initially found, after making a selection, 17 scientific articles were included in the review. The texts were submitted to semantic content analysis. Results: Three categories were raised: the use of oral contraceptives: clinical and theoretical aspects; association between the use of oral contraceptives and thrombotic events; relationship between the use of oral contraceptives, neoplasms and cardiovascular diseases. Conclusion: It will help nurses to guide women in choosing the contraceptive method, taking into account the possible complications resulting from the prolonged use of hormonal oral contraceptives composed of estrogen.Descriptors: Oral Contraceptives; Reproductive Health; Sexual Health; Women's Health.Evidencia de efectos adversos sobre el uso de anticonceptivos hormonales orales en mujeres: revisión integradoraObjetivo: Identificar en la literatura la evidencia científica sobre eventos adversos derivados del uso de anticonceptivos hormonales orales en mujeres. Método: Revisión integral de la literatura, utilizando las bases de datos de la Biblioteca Virtual de Salud y la Revista de Coordinación para la Mejora del Personal de Educación Superior como fuente de investigación, utilizando las palabras clave de búsqueda "anticonceptivos orales" Y "eventos adversos". Con esta búsqueda, inicialmente se encontraron 202 publicaciones, luego de hacer una selección, se incluyeron 17 artículos científicos en la revisión. Los textos fueron sometidos a análisis de contenido semántico. Resultados: Se plantearon tres categorías: el uso de anticonceptivos orales: aspectos clínicos y teóricos; asociación entre el uso de anticonceptivos orales y eventos trombóticos; relación entre el uso de anticonceptivos orales, neoplasias y enfermedades cardiovasculares. Conclusión: Ayudará a las enfermeras a guiar a las mujeres a elegir el método anticonceptivo, teniendo en cuenta las posibles complicaciones derivadas del uso prolongado de anticonceptivos orales hormonales compuestos de estrógenos.Descriptores: Anticonceptivos Orales; Salud Reproductiva; Salud Sexual; Salud de la Mujer.

scholarly journals Hormonal Contraceptives, Female Sexual Dysfunction, and Managing Strategies: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nerea M. Casado-Espada ◽  
Rubén de Alarcón ◽  
Javier I. de la Iglesia-Larrad ◽  
Berta Bote-Bonaechea ◽  
Ángel L. Montejo
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dysfunction ◽  
Female Sexual Dysfunction ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptive ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptives ◽  
Sexual Hormones ◽  
Sexual Jealousy ◽  
Erotic Stimuli ◽  
Future Fertility ◽  
Contraceptive Ring

In recent decades, hormonal contraceptives (HC) has made a difference in the control of female fertility, taking an unequivocal role in improving contraceptive efficacy. Some side effects of hormonal treatments have been carefully studied. However, the influence of these drugs on female sexual functioning is not so clear, although variations in the plasma levels of sexual hormones could be associated with sexual dysfunction. Permanent hormonal modifications, during menopause or caused by some endocrine pathologies, could be directly related to sexual dysfunction in some cases but not in all of them. HC use seems to be responsible for a decrease of circulating androgen, estradiol, and progesterone levels, as well as for the inhibition of oxytocin functioning. Hormonal contraceptive use could alter women’s pair-bonding behavior, reduce neural response to the expectation of erotic stimuli, and increase sexual jealousy. There are contradictory results from different studies regarding the association between sexual dysfunction and hormonal contraceptives, so it could be firmly said that additional research is needed. When contraceptive-related female sexual dysfunction is suspected, the recommended therapy is the discontinuation of contraceptives with consideration of an alternative method, such as levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine systems, copper intrauterine contraceptives, etonogestrel implants, the permanent sterilization of either partner (when future fertility is not desired), or a contraceptive ring.

Influence of hormonal contraceptives on peripheral vascular function and structure in premenopausal females: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 320 (1) ◽  
pp. H77-H89
Author(s):  
Jennifer S. Williams ◽  
Maureen J. MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Function ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Ethinyl Estradiol ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptive ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptives ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Vascular Structure ◽  
Peripheral Vascular ◽  
The Impact

Hormonal contraceptives are one of the most widely used prescriptions for premenopausal women worldwide. Although the risk of venous and arterial cardiovascular events (e.g., deep vein thrombosis, arterial clotting) with hormonal contraceptives, specifically oral contraceptive pills, has been established, the literature on early risk indicators, such as peripheral vascular structure and function has yet to be consolidated. The purpose of this review is to summarize literature examining the impact of different hormonal contraceptives on vascular function and structure, including consideration of phasic differences within a contraceptive cycle, and to propose future directions for research. It is evident that hormonal contraceptive use appears to impact both macrovascular and microvascular endothelial function, with phasic differences in some contraceptive types dependent on progestin type, the ratio of ethinyl estradiol-to-progestin, and route of administration. However, hormonal contraceptives do not appear to impact smooth muscle function in the macrovasculature or microvasculature, arterial stiffness, or vascular structure. Underlying mechanisms for observed impacts and areas of future research are discussed. This review provides timely consolidation of research examining hormonal contraceptives and peripheral vascular function and structure and provides guidance on considerations for hormonal contraceptive use in study design.

Corrigendum to: Condom use among young women in Australia using long-acting reversible contraceptives or other hormonal contraceptives

Sexual Health ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 395
Author(s):  
Julie Nguyen ◽  
Henrietta Williams ◽  
Kathleen McNamee ◽  
Nabreesa Shafeeu ◽  
Alaina Vaisey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Condom Use ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Unwanted Pregnancy ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptive ◽  
Sexual Practices ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptives ◽  
Relationship Length ◽  
Sexually Transmissible Infections ◽  
Long Acting

Background:Dual condom and long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) or non-LARC hormonal contraceptive use is the most effective way to protect against unwanted pregnancy and sexually transmissible infections (STIs). This study aimed to determine whether condom use varied between users of LARC and non-LARC hormonal contraceptives and explore their motivations for condom use. Methods: Women aged 16–24 years attending a sexual and reproductive health centre in Melbourne, Australia, completed a survey about contraceptives and sexual practices. The proportion of LARC and non-LARC hormonal contraceptive users using condoms was calculated and logistic regression compared condom use between the two groups. Condom use was based on frequency of use and coded as a binary variable ‘never, not usually or sometimes’ versus ‘usually or always’. Results: In all, 294 (97%) women participated in the study; 23.8% (95% confidence interval (CI) 19.0–29.1%) used LARC and 41.7% (95% CI 36.0–47.6%) used non-LARC hormonal contraceptives. Condom use was reported by 26.1% (95% CI 16.3–38.1%) of LARC users and by 27.8% (95% CI 19.9–37.0%) of non-LARC hormonal contraceptive users. There was no difference in condom use between groups (odds ratio (OR) 0.9; 95% CI 0.4–1.9). Condom use reduced with increasing relationship length (≥6 months vs no relationship: OR 0.2; 95% CI 0.1–0.6). Non-LARC hormonal contraceptive users were more motivated to use condoms if worried about pregnancy than LARC users (62.8% vs 47.8%; P = 0.04). Conclusion: Condom use was low and similar between users of LARC and non-LARC hormonal contraceptives, and was associated with the length of the relationship. These results highlight the need to promote condom use when prescribing LARCs and non-LARC hormonal contraceptives to reduce the risk of STIs.

scholarly journals Continuous Use of Combined Hormonal Contraceptive and the Effect on Blood Coagulation Factors in Female Capuchin Monkeys (Sapajus libidinosus)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosângela C. Rodrigues ◽  
Flávia Schechtman Belham ◽  
Ana Garcia ◽  
Corina Satler ◽  
Carlos Tomaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Treatment Phase ◽  
Coagulation Factors ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptive ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptives ◽  
Primate Research ◽  
Blood Coagulation Factors ◽  
Physiological Impact ◽  
Continuous Use ◽  
Combined Hormonal Contraceptive

This study aimed at evaluating the availability of the primate Sapajus libidinosus as an animal model for research assessing the physiological effects of the continuous use of combined hormonal contraceptives. In order to do this, six reproductively active female S. libidinosus from the Primate Research Center of the University of Brasília were selected to take part in this experiment. Every 21 days or so, each female received a single dose of combined hormonal contraceptive (algestone acetophenide and 17-enanthate estradiol) in a total of five doses throughout the experiment. The physiological parameters were accessed by means of 13 blood samples from each female, whereas three were gathered during the baseline and 10 samples were collected during the treatment phase. The results showed that the contraceptive use provoked changes in hematological coagulation factors such as an increase in the amount of platelets (p=0.039) and a reduction in both prothrombin (p<0.001) and thromboplastin coagulation time (p<0.001). These results are similar to what has been observed in human patients; thus, it is concluded that S. libidinosus can be successfully used in studies about the physiological impact of hormonal contraceptives.

scholarly journals PENGGUNAAN KONTRASEPSI HORMONAL DAN OBESITAS PADA WANITA USIA SUBUR DI INDONESIA: ANALISIS DATA IFLS 5 TAHUN 2014

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
Yusri Kartika ◽  
Sudarto Ronoatmodjo
Keyword(s):  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Hormonal Contraception ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptive ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptives ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reproductive Age Women

Abstract Background: Prevalence of obesity in adult females in Indonesia is 32,9% in 2013. Hormonal contraceptives (pills, injections and implants) are widely used by reproductive-age women in Indonesia, and the prevalence is 45%. Objective: The aim of this study is to identify whether reproductive-age women who use hormonal contraceptives are at risk of developing obesity compared to WUS who do not use hormonal contraceptives. Method: The design of this study is a cross sectional study using secondary data (5th Indonesia Family Life Survey, and the sample is reproductive-age women (15-49 years old) consisting of 6045 respondents. The variables of this study are obesity, hormonal contraceptive use, age, education, occupation, and duration of contraceptive use. Data were analysed by using Cox Regression. Result: The results of bivariate analysis showed that hormonal contaceptive use, age, education, occupation, and duration of contraceptive use were associated with obesity among reproductive-age womenand statistically significant (P-Value <0,05). Multivariate analysis showed that hormonal contraceptive use did not increase the risk of obesity among reproductive-age women in Indonesia (PR 0.939; CI 95% 0.869 - 1.013). Conclusion: The use of hormonal contraception did not increase the risk of obesity among reproductive-age women. Key words: Hormonal Contraception; Obesity; Reproductive Age-Women Abstrak Latar belakang : Prevalensi obesitas pada perempuan dewasa di Indonesia sebesar 32,9 persen pada tahun 2013. Kontrasepsi hormonal (pil, suntikan dan implan) merupakan jenis kontrasepsi yang paling banyak digunakan oleh wanita usia subur (WUS) di Indonesia, dengan prevalensi sebesar 45%. Tujuan : untuk mengetahui apakah wanita usia subur (WUS) yang menggunakan kontrasepsi hormonal berisiko mengalami obesitas dibandingkan WUS yang tidak menggunakan kontrasepsi hormonal.  Metode : Desain penelitian ini adalah studi cross- sectional dengan menggunakan data sekunder IFLS 5 tahun 2014. Sampel adalah WUS (15-49 tahun) sebanyak 6.045 responden. Variabel dalam penilitian ini adalah obesitas pada WUS, penggunaan kontrasepsi hormonal, umur, pendidikan, pekerjaan, serta lama penggunaan kontrasepsi. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah Cox Regression. Hasil : Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa variabel penggunaan kontrasepsi hormonal, umur, pendidikan dan status pekerjaan, serta  lama penggunaan kontrasepsi berhubungan dengan obesitas pada WUS (p-value <0,05). Analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan kontrasepsi hormonal tidak meningkatkan risiko obesitas secara bermakna pada WUS di Indonesia (PR 0,939; CI 95% 0,869 – 1,013). Kesimpulan: Penggunaan kontrasepsi hormonal tidak meningkatkan risiko WUS untuk mengalami obesitas.   Kata kunci: Kontrasepsi Hormonal; Obesitas; Wanita Usia Subur

Recent Advances in Hormonal Contraceptives for Women

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-206
Author(s):  
D. Samba Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Birth Control ◽  
Oral Contraceptives ◽  
Hormonal Contraception ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptive ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptives ◽  
Breakthrough Bleeding ◽  
Contraceptive Agents ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Hormone Injection

Currently, Contraceptive agents play a key role in family planning in India. Hormonal contraception is the marketed most common birth control option in women. An estimated 100 million women throughout the world use hormonal contraceptives for prevention of pregnancy. This article briefly describes the recent advances in hormonal contraceptive strategies that may minimize side effects while optimizing effective contraception. There are four types of hormonal contraceptive agents available for birth control. They include oral contraceptives pills (combined and mini-pills), contraceptive patches, hormonal implants, intrauterine devices and hormone injection agents. Oral contraceptives (OCs) are among the most widely used agents because they are highly effective when used properly. Generally, OCs are designed to simulate the 28 days of the menstrual cycle by daily intake of steroid hormones consisting of an estrogen and/or a progesterone. The primary mechanism underlying OC action is inhibition of ovulation. This action is achieved using a variety of OCs with substantially different components, doses, and side effect profile.  Two types of OC pills are widely available: combination pills; and progesterone only pills. The combined daily OC pill is composed of low dose of synthetic estrogen and progesterone. They are usually taken for 21 days with a 7 day gap during which menstruation-like bleeding occurs. Recently, there are several new OCs that have been approved to minimize the frequency and/or extent of breakthrough bleeding while achieving reliable means of contraception for the avoidance of unplanned pregnancies.

scholarly journals Natural Family Planning Instruction as a Marriage Requirement a Retrospective Analysis of the First Two Years’ Experience in the Diocese of Covington

2012 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Manhart
Keyword(s):  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptive ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptives ◽  
Natural Family Planning ◽  
Engaged Couples ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Class ◽  
Using Data

Beginning January 1, 2009, the Roman Catholic Diocese of Covington mandated that all engaged couples take a full course of NFP instruction as part of preparation for marriage within the Church. Using data from the Couple to Couple League and its Covington-based instructors, overall NFP instruction and characteristics of the couples attending classes before and after the mandate were examined. In the first two years, 66 percent and 77 percent of couples who married in the diocese, respectively, attended an NFP class. The mandate shifted the reasons for couples taking NFP instruction; prior to the mandate, 40 percent of engaged couples attended classes solely due to a pastor's requirement while 74 percent of engaged couples did so afterward (p < 0.001). Hormonal contraceptive use was common; 54 percent reported current use while another 23 percent reported former use. Current hormonal contraceptive use was significantly more common among those attending solely due to the mandate compared to those attending for multiple reasons (59 percent vs. 41 percent respectively, p = 0.004) and was significantly more common among engaged compared to married couples (53 percent vs. 8 percent respectively, p < 0.001). Cohabiting engaged couples were significantly more likely to have ever used hormonal contraceptives (91 percent vs. 71 percent, p < 0.0001), compared to engaged couples who were not cohabiting at the time of NFP instruction, and were significantly less likely to both be Catholic (55 percent vs. 70 percent, p = 0.002). Overall, implementation of mandatory NFP instruction as part of marriage preparation was successful; in post-class surveys, over 90 percent of couples acknowledged they had a better understanding of their fertility, and 83 percent would recommend the classes to a friend. Longer-term prospective follow-up is needed to evaluate the long-term impacts to couples exposed to such a requirement.

Hormonal contraceptive prescriptions in the UK Armed Forces

2021 ◽  
pp. bmjmilitary-2020-001594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca L Double ◽  
S L Wardle ◽  
T J O'Leary ◽  
N Weaden ◽  
G Bailey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Intrauterine Device ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptive ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptives ◽  
Prescription Data ◽  
Contraceptive Pill ◽  
The Uk

IntroductionThirty four per cent of women use hormonal contraceptives in the UK and the contraceptive pill is the most common method. There are no comparable data in the UK Armed Forces, but servicewomen are often required to complete physically arduous job roles in combat zones and may be more likely to take contraceptives to control or stop menstrual bleeding than the general population. We explored the prevalence of hormonal contraceptive prescriptions in the UK Armed Forces.MethodsThe study used defence medical records (Defence Medical Information Capability Programme) to identify hormonal contraceptive prescriptions for all serving regular UK servicewomen (n=15 738) as of 1 September 2017.ResultsThirty one per cent of servicewomen (Royal Navy, 28%; British Army, 30%; Royal Air Force, 34%) had a current prescription for a hormonal contraceptive. Non-officer ranks were more likely to have a prescription for a hormonal contraceptive (32%) than officers (27%) (p<0.01). The contraceptive pill was more commonly prescribed (68%) than long-acting reversible contraceptive methods (32%) (contraceptive injection, 11%; contraceptive implant, 11%; intrauterine device, 10%).ConclusionPrescription data suggest that the prevalence of hormonal contraceptive use in UK servicewomen is comparable with the general UK population. These findings suggest that military service does not influence prevalence or choice of hormonal contraceptives.

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