scholarly journals Effect of irrigation and nitrogen fertilization on the agronomic traits and yield of irrigated rice

Revista CERES ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 724-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Baêta dos Santos ◽  
Nand Kumar Fageria ◽  
Luís Fernando Stone ◽  
Talita Pereira Baêta Santos
Keyword(s):  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Sheath Blight ◽  
Nitrogen Management ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Design Flood ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Productive Potential

ABSTRACT Water and nitrogen management is essential to achieve high yield potential in irrigated agricultural systems. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of flood timing and nitrogen management on the agronomic performance of irrigated rice in tropical lowland. Two experiments were conducted in a Dystrophic Haplic Gleysol during the 2007/08 and 2008/09 crop years. The experiments were carried out using the cultivars BRS Jaçanã and Epagri 109. Flood timing combined with timing of topdressing 90 kg ha -1 N was evaluated at 15, 30, 45 and 60 days after emergence. The experiment was arranged in a split plot completely randomized design, flood timing in the plots and N application in the subplots, with six replications. Late flooding as well as late nitrogen application resulted in reduction of phytobiomass, grain quality and yield of irrigated rice. Flooding is recommended at the beginning of tillering for cultivar that shows higher initial growth, while for slower growth cultivar, ponding water can be established until mid-tillering. Early flooding increases sheath blight severity in rice stems. For improved quality and productive potential of irrigated rice, early flooding period and efficient sheath blight control is necessary.

Evaluation of Agronomic Traits of Sponge Gourd (Luffa cylindrica) Inbred Lines Under Plastic House in Thua Thien Hue

2017 ◽  
Vol 126 (3E) ◽  
Author(s):  
Trương Thị Hồng Hải ◽  
Nguyễn Thị Diệu Thể ◽  
Phan Thu Thảo
Keyword(s):  
Skin Color ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Pure Line ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Sponge Gourd

In order to establish the pure line of sponge gourd containing aroma feature, we selected the desirable inbred lines by using a self-pollinating method. The present study was investigated to estimate the morphological traits and fruit quality of 6 sponge gourd inbred lines which generated at 4th generation of an aroma Luffa accession B29 under plastic house conditions. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications, from May to November in 2016. Five plants per replication were examined. The results indicated that all inbred lines could grow well under plastic house conditions. The inbred lines had the same stem and leaf traits; whereas fruit shape, skin color and fruit veins color were observed differently among inbred lines. The aromatic trait was retained in all inbred lines either before or after cooking. The high yield was found in lines BC1 and BC2 by 10.1 tons/ha and 10.7 tons/ha, respectively. These inbred lines should be examined in open field condition to confirm the presence of aromatic trait and yield potential before completion of the procedures for recognition of new Luffa varieties.  

scholarly journals Screening for Drought Tolerance in Thirty Three Taro Cultivars

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
José F.T. GANANÇA ◽  
José G.R. FREITAS ◽  
Humberto G.M. NÓBREGA ◽  
Vanessa RODRIGUES ◽  
Gonçalo ANTUNES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Yield Stability ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Local Cultivars ◽  
Drought Avoidance ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Long Duration

Taro [Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott] is a root crop which is an important staple food in many regions of the world, producing 10.5 million tonnes on 1.4 million hectares a year. The crop is cultivated in wet (rain fed) or irrigated conditions, requiring on average 2,500 mm water per year, and in many countries it is cultivated in flooded plots. It is estimated that taro production could decrease by 40% as a result of the increase in drought and other severe events. In this work, thirty three accessions, including local cultivars, selected and hybrid lines were submitted to long duration drought stress and screened for tolerance. Twelve physiological, morphological and agronomic traits were measured at harvest, and subject to multivariate analysis. Stress indices, Water Use Efficiency and Factorial Analysis were useful for discriminating accessions regarding drought tolerance and yield stability, and drought tolerant and susceptible cultivars were identified. Our results confirm that different taro cultivars have different drought avoidance and tolerance strategies to cope with water scarcity. Better yield performers minimised biomass and canopy loss, while tolerance was observed in cultivars that presented low potential yield, but efficiently transferred resources to enhance corm formation. Among the 33 accessions, two local cultivars showed high yield stability and could be considered as suitable parents for breeding programs, while two others are well adapted to drought, but with overall low yield potential.

scholarly journals Descriptive Statistics and Heritability for Agronomic Traits and Grain Micronutrient Content in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Avinash Kumar ◽  
Ashutosh Kumar ◽  
N. K. Singh ◽  
Rajesh Kumar ◽  
S. K. Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Grain Zinc ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
Breeding Programmes

In the present investigation, 10 parents and their 45 crosses (half diallel) along with 2 standard checks (Rajendra Nilam and Rajendra Mahsuri-1) were evaluated during Kharif, 2018 in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 3 replications at Rice Farm Section, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University (RPCAU), Pusa, Bihar. The objective of this study was to identify promising rice genotypes having desirable combination of morphological traits along with high grain iron and zinc content and high grain yield potential. The results of variability parameters indicated that ample amount of genetic variability was present for all the studied traits. Most of the traits showed high heritability coupled with high genetic advance indicating fruitfulness of selection for improvement of these traits. One genotype (P2×P7) with high grain iron (16.10 ppm) and grain zinc (26.40 ppm) content along with high yield (43.12 g/plant) was identified. Genotypes with high grain iron coupled with high grain yield (P7×P9, P8×P9, P5×P7 and P5×P9) and high  grain zinc content coupled with high grain yield (P4×P7, P9×P10, P8×P9 and P5×P7) were also identified. These promising genotypes identified can be used further in breeding programmes to obtain superior segregants with high grain micronutrient content and high grain yield.

scholarly journals Long term performance of certain ortets and hybrid clones of Hevea brasiliensis in a high altitude region in Kerala, India

2020 ◽  
pp. 82-90
Author(s):  
Radha Lakshmanan ◽  
T. Meenakumari ◽  
Vinoth Thomas
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Long Term Performance ◽  
Growth Adaptation ◽  
Term Performance ◽  
Hybrid Clones

Long term performance of four hybrid Hevea clones and ten ortet selections including nine from a high elevation site within the traditional rubber growing tract of Kerala was studied. Significant variability was observed among the hybrids and ortets for all major agronomic traits. Growth of rubber trees was invariably poor in the high altitude region and tappability by the tenth year of planting was less than 50 per cent. The hybrid clones RRII 203 and RRIC 100 showed highest growth vigour with 80 per cent tappability by the 13th year of planting. Among the ortets, P 270 and Iritty 1 recorded the highest tappability of 64 per cent. The ortet P 270 was the best performer with the highest girth at the opening (61 cm), girth increment during immaturity (5.5 cm) on tapping (3.4 cm) and bole volume (0.1 m3). RRII 203 was the highest yielding clone with 56 g tree-1 tap-1 over eight years of tapping. High annual yield (48 g tree-1 tap-1) and lean season yield of P 270 combined with high drc on par with the highest yielding clone RRII 203 indicated the specific adaptability of this ortet to high elevation areas. The ortets P 213 and Iritty 1 and hybrid clone RRIC 100 were the other promising clones exhibiting growth adaptation and high yield potential under high altitude conditions.

scholarly journals Effects of the 4Nv chromosome from Aegilops ventricosa on agronomic and quality traits in bread wheat

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. S63-S66 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Sin ◽  
J. Del Moral ◽  
P. Hernández ◽  
E. Benavente ◽  
M. Rubio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Introgression Line ◽  
Hessian Fly ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Bread Making ◽  
Aegilops Ventricosa ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Hessian Fly Resistance

Advanced wheat lines carrying the Hessian fly resistance gene H27 were obtained by backcrossing the wheat/Aegilops ventricosa introgression line, H-93-33, to commercial wheat cultivars as recurrent parents. The Acph-N<sup>v</sup>1 marker linked to the gene H27 on the 4N<sup>v</sup> chromosome of this line was used for marker assisted selection. Advanced lines were evaluated for Hessian fly resistance in field and growth chamber tests, and for other agronomic traits during several crop seasons at different localities of Spain. The hessian fly resistance levels of lines carrying the 4N<sup>v </sup>chromosome introgression (4D/4N<sup>v</sup> substitution and recombination lines that previously were classified by in situ hybridisation) were high, but always lower than that of their Ae.&nbsp;ventricosa progenitor. Introgression lines had higher grain yields in infested field trials than those without the 4N<sup>v</sup>&nbsp;chromosome and their susceptible parents, but lower grain yields under high yield potential conditions. The 4N<sup>v</sup>&nbsp;introgression was also associated with later heading, and lower tiller and grain numbers/m<sup>2</sup>. In addition, it was associated with longer and more lax spikes, and higher values of grain weight and grain protein content. However, the glutenin and gliadin expression, as well as the bread-making performance, were similar to those of their recurrent parents.

scholarly journals Adaptability and stability of flood-irrigated rice cultivars released to the subtropical region of Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 1140-1149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Anibele Streck ◽  
Ariano Martins de Magalhães Júnior ◽  
Paulo Ricardo Reis Fagundes ◽  
Gabriel Almeida Aguiar ◽  
Paulo Henrique Karling Facchinello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
The State ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Irrigated Rice

Abstract: The objective of this work was to estimate the effects of genotype x environment interaction and the genetic potential of flood-irrigated rice cultivars, released between 1972 and 2017, for the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The experiments were carried out in the field, in all agroclimatic regions of flood-irrigated rice crop in the state, between the 2005/2006 and 2015/2016 crop years, totaling 60 environments (trials), with 1,961 experimental units. Twenty-five cultivars of irrigated rice were evaluated for the traits grain yield, plant height, days to flowering, and whole grain quality after milling. The values of adaptability and stability were estimated with the aid of mixed models. The rice cultivars BRS Pampa, BRS Pampeira, and BRSCIRAD 302 showed simultaneously high-genotypic grain yield, adaptability, stability, good agronomic traits, and good whole-grain yield after milling. 'BRSCIRAD 302' and 'BRS Pampa' show high-yield stability and can be recommended for all rice cultivation regions of Rio Grande do Sul. 'BRS Pampeira' is responsive to environmental improvements and is indicated for high-technology conditions.

scholarly journals Early growth of common bean cropped over ruzigrass residues

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 775-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.F.C. Souza ◽  
A.M. Fernandes ◽  
G.D. Souza-Schlick ◽  
C.A. Rosolem
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Brachiaria Ruziziensis

Ruzigrass (Brachiaria ruziziensis, syn. Urochloa ruziziensis) is used as a cover crop in tropical regions because it has a high yield potential, is widely adapted and has a vigorous root system. However, it may affect early growth of the next crop due to allelopathy and competition for soil nitrate. A greenhouse experiment was conducted in glass-walled pots with soil to determine the effect of ruzigrass residues on the initial growth and mineral nutrition of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Ruzigrass was grown in the pots for 50 days and chemically desiccated. Then, common bean was grown: without ruzigrass residues; with ruzigrass shoots placed on the soil surface; with ruzigrass roots left in the soil; and with ruzigrass shoots and roots left undisturbed. Root growth of common bean was decreased by ruzigrass residues, but shoot biomass was not affected when it was grown in the presence of ruzigrass shoots or roots alone. In pots where ruzigrass residues were undisturbed, common bean biomass yield was decreased. Nitrogen concentration in common bean shoot was not affected by ruzigrass shoot on the soil surface, an evidence that the observed decrease in common bean growth probably was due to allelopathic effects rather than competition for nitrogen.

scholarly journals Biomorphological and useful agronomic traits of the hexaploid winter triticale cultivar ‘Bilinda’ approved for cultivation in the Northwestern Region of the Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
Vol 181 (4) ◽  
pp. 102-111
Author(s):  
L. P. Bekish ◽  
V. A. Uspenskaja ◽  
T. I. Peneva ◽  
N. N. Chikida
Keyword(s):  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Variety Identification ◽  
Mass Selection ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Homogeneous Population ◽  
Winter Triticale ◽  
Northwestern Region

A priority of agricultural production for the Northwest of Russia is to develop and introduce winter-hardy and productive cultivars of small grain forage crops, such as winter triticale, capable of producing high yields of grain and green biomass.‘Bilinda’, a new promising tetraploid winter triticale cultivar grown for grain forage, was studied from 2004 through 2019 at Leningrad Research Institute for Agriculture “Belogorka”. The data of the State Variety Trials (2017–2019) were also taken into account. Conventional techniques were used in the experiments, phenological observations, field and laboratory evaluation tests, and statistical data processing. Electrophoresis of gliadin in the grain of cv. ‘Bilinda’ and its registration as a “protein formula” were performed using the technique developed and approbated by the Molecular Biology Dept. of VIR. The hexaploid winter triticale cultivar ‘Kornet’ (k-3636) served as the reference. Cv. ‘Bilinda’ was developed using individual and mass selection of genotypes with recessive control of the ear’s morphological characters, which resulted in producing a homogeneous population with high yield potential and large plump grains. On average across the testing period, cv. ‘Bilinda’ significantly exceeded the reference ‘Kornet’ in grain yield (+1.04 t/ha), number of grains per ear (+32.3 pcs), and 1000 grain weight (+7.7 g), and in addition demonstrated higher winter hardiness than the reference (up to 98%). Under epiphytotic incidence of Septoria leaf blotch, the tested cultivar manifested a high level of resistance (scoring 7–9 points). ‘Bilinda’ is among high-yielding cultivars resistant to most leaf diseases. In 2020, this cultivar was approved for cultivation in the Northwestern Region (2) of Russia. Applying the method of variety identification based on the electrophoretic spectra of gliadin, a storage protein in grain, a protein “passport” was produced to ensure monitoring of the cultivar’s integrity and authenticity. 

scholarly journals Field Evaluation of RD6 Introgression Lines for Yield Performance, Blast, Bacterial Blight Resistance, and Cooking and Eating Qualities

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myo San Aung Nan ◽  
Jirayoo Janto ◽  
Arthit Sribunrueang ◽  
Tidarat Monkham ◽  
Jirawat Sanitchon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Blast Resistance ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Resistance Qtls ◽  
Leaf Blast ◽  
The North ◽  
Neck Blast

Glutinous rice cultivar “RD6” is well known for its fragrance and high cooking and eating qualities, and is the most popular glutinous cultivar in the north and northeastern regions of Thailand. However, it’s susceptible to blast and bacterial blight (BB) diseases. Previously, four blast resistance QTLs on chromosomes 1, 2, 11, and 12, and a single BB resistance gene xa5 pyramided to the background of the RD6 cultivar were tested for a broad spectrum of disease resistance under greenhouse conditions. In the present study, a field experiment was conducted during the rainy seasons of 2015, 2016, 2017, and 2018, across three locations, for performance evaluations of promising lines in terms of disease reaction, agronomical characteristics, grain yield, and quality attributes. The results revealed that the ILs (BC2F5 2-7-5-36, BC2F5 2-7-5-43, BC2F5 2-8-2-25, and BC2F5 6-1/15-2-11) exhibited higher level resistance to leaf blast and neck blast disease. The BC2F5 2-8-2-52 showed resistance to both blast and BB diseases and, like all ILs, exhibited superior yield compared to the original RD6. Furthermore, the agronomic traits and grain qualities were similarly displaced, and were therefore recommended as near-isogenic lines to the RD6. This clearly demonstrated that farm phenotypic selection plays an important role in achieving not only NIL resistance to diseases, but also high yield potential, as well as representing an effective way in which to enhance BB, leaf blast, and neck blast resistance in rice planting in the north and northeastern regions of Thailand.

scholarly journals BRS F63 (Camila): A fresh market potato cultivar, with high yield potential and resistance to virus Y

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-140
Author(s):  
Arione S Pereira ◽  
Giovani O Silva ◽  
Odone Bertoncini ◽  
Caroline M Castro ◽  
Antonio C Bortoletto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Quality ◽  
Potato Cultivar ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Light Yellow ◽  
Productive Potential ◽  
Yellow Flesh ◽  
Moderately Resistant

ABSTRACT Camila potato, registered and protected as BRS F63, is a cultivar for the fresh market, with oval tubers of attractive appearance, having shallow eyes, yellow and smooth skin, and light yellow flesh. It presents medium specific gravity (dry matter), which allows greater culinary versatility than ‘Agata’. Cooked tubers have a firm texture and distinctive flavor, with potential for use even in gourmet kitchen, for preparing salads and other similar dishes. The vegetative growth cycle and dormancy are medium. It presents high productive potential, with high percentage of marketable tubers. It is moderately resistant to greening. Concerning physiological disorders in the tubers, ‘BRS F63’ (Camila) is similar to ‘Agata’ and ‘Asterix’ in crops of subtropical ecosystem, but the incidence increases in plantations outside the Winter crop in tropical ecosystem. It is moderately susceptible to Phytophthora infestans and Alternaria spp., which can be managed effectively with fungicides. It has extreme resistance to virus Y (Ry sto ), which reduces the loss of seed quality, allowing more generations of multiplication.

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