scholarly journals Effect of the concentration of inoculum and tensoactive on the efficiency of Bipolaris sorokiniana infection in wheat leaves

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erlei Melo Reis ◽  
Tiago Zanatta ◽  
Anderson L. Danelli
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Inoculum Density ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Wheat Leaves ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

Techniques that result in increased pathogen infection rates by employing reduced quantities of fungal spores with sparse sporulation have been developed. Experiments under controlled environment conditions were conducted to evaluate the effect of the density of Bipolaris sorokiniana conidia on the intensity of wheat helminthosporiosis. Using a selected inoculum density, the concentration of the tensoactive (Tween 20) that promoted maximum infection by the causal agent of the disease was determined. The density of lesions and the estimated severity of the disease were quantified. The selected inoculum density was 1.5 x 10(4) spores.mL-1 plus 480 µL tensoactive.L-1 water, resulting in a disease severity that allows selecting wheat cultivars resistant to B. sorokiniana.

scholarly journals CT pulmonary angiography in COVID-19 pneumonia: relationship between pulmonary embolism and disease severity

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aya Yassin ◽  
Maryam Ali Abdelkader ◽  
Rehab M. Mohammed ◽  
Ahmed M. Osman
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Pulmonary Angiography ◽  
Significant Relation ◽  
Ct Pulmonary Angiography ◽  
Laboratory Results ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
D Dimer

Abstract Background Pulmonary embolism (PE) is one of the known sequels of COVID-19 infection. We aimed to assess the incidence of PE in patients with COVID-19 infection and to evaluate the relationship between the CT severity of the disease and the laboratory indicators. This was a retrospective study conducted on 96 patients with COVID-19 infection proved by positive PCR who underwent CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) with a calculation of the CT severity of COVID-19 infection. Available patients’ complaint and laboratory data at the time of CTPA were correlated with PE presence and disease severity. Results Forty patients (41.7%) showed positive PE with the median time for the incidence of PE which was 12 days after onset of the disease. No significant correlation was found between the incidence of PE and the patients’ age, sex, laboratory results, and the CT severity of COVID-19. A statistically significant relation was found between the incidence of PE and the patients’ desaturation, hemoptysis, and chest pain. A highly significant correlation was found between the incidence of PE and the rising in the D-dimer level as well as the progressive CT findings when compared to the previous one. Conclusion CT progression and the rising in D-dimer level are considered the most important parameters suggesting underlying PE in patients with positive COVID-19 infection which is commonly seen during the second week of infection and alert the use of CT pulmonary angiography to exclude or confirm PE. This is may help in improving the management of COVID-19 infection.

The epidemiology of common root rot in Manitou wheat: disease progression during the growing season

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 1757-1764 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Verma ◽  
R. A. A. Morrall ◽  
R. D. Tinline
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Cochliobolus Sativus ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Common Root Rot ◽  
Disease Rating

Common root rot in Triticum aestivum cultivar Manitou caused primarily by Cochliobolus sativus was followed during plant development in 1969, 1970, and 1971 at Matador, Saskatchewan. Plants were sampled at intervals, and three variables based mainly on the occurrence of lesions on subcrown internodes were studied: number of diseased plants per square meter; percentage of diseased plants; and disease rating which integrated percentage of diseased plants and disease severity on each plant. All variables increased with time, and the progression curves in all 3 years were hyperbolic, indicating that the increases were like those of a simple interest disease as described by Van der Plank. In two of the years, almost 100% of the plants were diseased considerably before the end of the season. The transformation proposed by Van der Plank for simple interest diseases, log10[1/(1 − x)], was applied to the percentages of diseased plants, and regressions were calculated. The slopes of these lines (infection rates) were as follows: 1969, 0.99% plants per day; 1970, 1.32%; and 1971, 1.96%. In 1969 the onset of disease was later than in 1970 and 1971, and there was correspondingly less disease at the end of the growing season.

scholarly journals A Practical Estimating Method of the Dose-Response Curve between Inoculum Density of Plasmodiophora brassicae and the Disease Severity for Long-term IPM Strategies

2010 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seiya TSUSHIMA ◽  
Hiroharu MURAKAMI ◽  
Takayuki AKIMOTO ◽  
Mitsuhiko KATAHIRA ◽  
Yukiko KUROYANAGI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Response Curve ◽  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Inoculum Density ◽  
Dose Response Curve

scholarly journals Efektivitas imunoterapi terhadap gejala, temuan nasoendoskopik dan kualitas hidup pasien rinosinusitis alergi

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuwan Pradana ◽  
Teti Madiadipoera ◽  
Melati Sudiro ◽  
Arif Dermawan
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Visual Analogue Scale ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Analogue Scale ◽  
Specific Immunotherapy ◽  
Drug Intake ◽  
Allergen Specific Immunotherapy ◽  
Nasal Symptoms ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

Background: Rhinosinusitis is one of major health problems which increased the economic burden. With symptoms include nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, facial pain, and sometimes reduced or loss of smell, this condition may impair work productivity and quality of life (QOL). Rhinosinusitis is one of the comorbidity of allergic rhinitis. Allergen specific immunotherapy provides protection against the occurence of allergic symptoms and inflammatory reactions due to allergen exposure, that results in improvement  of QOL of allergic rhinosinusitis patients.   To assess the effectiveness of immunotherapy in the  severity of the disease, nasal symptoms, nasoendoscopic findings, drugs intake, and the QOL in allergic rhinosinusitis patients treated with specific immunotherapy. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study conducted at the Rhinology-Allergy Clinic of ORL-HNS Department, Dr.Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, on January - December 2011, towards 25 patients, by anamnesis, severity of the disease using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), nasal symptoms from Weeke, Davis and Okuda, nasoendoscopic findings from Lund-Kennedy, drug intake score, and QOL assesment using Rhinoconjuctivitis Quality of Life Questionaire. Results: There was a significant correlation (p<0,05) between specific immunotherapy for 1 year observed by reduced disease severity, reduced nasal symptoms, nasoendoscopic findings improvement, reduced drug intake, and increased Quality of Life which shows significant results from 3 months after immunotherapy using Wilcoxon differential test (p<0,001). Conclusion: Immunotherapy for 1 year was significantly reduced disease severity, reduced nasal symptoms, improved nasoendoscopic findings, reduced drug intake, and improvement of QOL in patients with allergic rhinosinusitis began from 3 months after immunotherapy and maintained afterwards. Key words: allergic rhinosinusitis, nasal symptoms, nasoendoscopy, specific immunotherapy, quality of life    Abstrak :  Latar belakang: Rinosinusitis merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan yang semakin meningkat sehingga menjadi beban besar terhadap perekonomian masyarakat. Dengan gejala berupa hidung tersumbat, rinore, nyeri pada wajah dan dapat disertai berkurang atau hilangnya penciuman, kondisi ini dapat menurunkan produktivitas kerja dan kualitas hidup. Rinosinusitis merupakan salah satu komorbiditas dari rinitis alergi. Imunoterapi alergen spesifik bertujuan untuk memberikan perlindungan terhadap timbulnya gejala alergi dan reaksi inflamasi akibat pajanan alergen, sehingga dapat meningkatkan kualitas hidup pasien rinosinusitis. Tujuan: Membuktikan efektivitas imunoterapi terhadap tingkat beratnya penyakit, gejala hidung, nasoendoskopi, penggunaan obat dan kualitas hidup pasien rinosinusitis alergi yang diberikan pengobatan imunoterapi selama 3, 6, dan 12 bulan. Metode: Dilakukan penelitian deskriptif retrospektif, di Poliklinik Rinologi Alergi Ilmu Kesehatan THT-KL RSHS Bandung, dalam periode JanuariDesember 2011 pada 25 pasien, menggunakan anamnesis, tingkat berat penyakit berdasarkan Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), gejala hidung  berdasarkan Weeke, Davis dan Okuda, pemeriksaan nasoendoskopi berdasarkan Lund-Kennedy, penggunaan obat dan penilaian kualitas hidup dengan Rhinoconjuctivitis Quality of Life Questionaire. Hasil: Didapatkan hubungan bermakna berdasarkan uji chi-kuadrat-Friedman   antara imunoterapi selama 1 tahun (p<0,05) terhadap penurunan tingkat berat penyakit, penurunan gejala hidung, perbaikan temuan nasoendoskopi, penurunan penggunaan obat, serta peningkatan kualitas hidup. Didapat perbaikan secara bermakna sejak 3 bulan pasca imunoterapi (p<0,001) berdasarkan uji beda Wilcoxon. Kesimpulan: Imunoterapi selama 1 tahun efektif terhadap penurunan tingkat berat penyakit, penurunan gejala hidung, perbaikan temuan nasoendoskopi, penurunan penggunaan obat, serta peningkatan kualitas hidup pada pasien rinosinusitis alergi, dengan perbaikan sejak 3 bulan dan bertahan hingga 1 tahun pasca-imunoterapi. Kata kunci: rinosinusitis alergi, gejala hidung, nasoendoskopi, imunoterapi, kualitas hidup 

Host range of Puccinia xanthii and postpenetration development on Xanthium occidentale

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
pp. 959-965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Morin ◽  
Bruce A. Auld ◽  
John F. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Biological Weed Control ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Globe Artichoke ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Stem Lesions ◽  
Slow Growing

In glasshouse studies, small necrotic foliar flecks developed on globe artichoke, calendula, slender thistle, and winged slender thistle following inoculation with basidiospores of the microcyclic rust Puccinia xanthii. Fourteen inoculated cultivars of sunflower developed various types of symptoms: small necrotic and chlorotic flecks, underdeveloped telia, and small swollen petiole and stem lesions. Xanthium spinosum developed very slow-growing telia. In controlled environment studies, the four Xanthium spp. comprising the Noogoora burr (cocklebur) complex in Australia were highly susceptible to infection by P. xanthii. Maximum disease severity was observed after rust telia and X. occidentale plants were exposed to a dew period of 24 h. Less disease symptoms were observed in plants exposed to shorter (3, 6, 12 h) or longer (36 h) dew periods. Plants inoculated with several loads of inoculum (exposure to four inoculum plates) were less diseased than plants inoculated with fewer inoculum loads. Infected plants began to develop disease symptoms 5 days after inoculation, when grown at 25 °C. Infected plants developed very few small chlorotic flecks and no disease symptoms when grown at 10 and 40 °C, respectively. The flecks produced on plants kept at 10 °C developed into telia when plants were transferred to a glasshouse (25 °C). Repetitive inoculations of plants for 1 month increased the overall severity of the disease and this resulted in a reduction in plant height. Key words: Xanthium, host range, Puccinia xanthii, biological weed control.

The risk of wheat blast in rice-wheat-co-planting regions in China: MoO strains of Pyricularia oryzae cause typical symptom and host reaction on both wheat leaves and spikes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shizhen Wang ◽  
Jiaoyu Wang ◽  
Zhen Zhang ◽  
Zhongna Hao ◽  
Xueming Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Pyricularia Oryzae ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Host Reaction ◽  
Typical Symptom ◽  
Wheat Blast ◽  
Resistant Genes ◽  
Wheat Leaves ◽  
Cultivar Specificity ◽  
Heading Stage

Triticum pathotype (MoT) of Magnaporthe oryzae (syn. Pyricularia oryzae) causes wheat blast, which has recently spread to Asia. To assess the potential risk of wheat blast in rice-wheat growing regions, we investigated the pathogenicity of 14 isolates of P. oryzae on 32 wheat cultivars, among which MoO isolates were completely avirulent on the wheat cultivars at 22℃, but caused various infection degrees at 25℃. These reactions at 25℃ were isolate- and cultivar- dependent like race-cultivar specificity which was also recognized at the heading stage and caused typical blast symptoms on spikes. Microscopic analyses indicated that a compatible MoO isolates produced appressoria and infection hyphae on wheat as on rice. By comparing transcriptomes in wheat-MoO interactions, a bulk of pathogen-related genes was up-/down- regulated in compatible and incompatible patterns, but that changes of gene transcription were more significant in compatible pattern. These results indicate that the temperature could influence the infection ratio of wheat with MoO, and some MoO strains could be potential pathogens that increase the risk for the outbreak of wheat blast in wheat-rice growing regions with global warming. In addition, certain wheat cultivars exhibited resistance and are assumed to carry promoting resistant genes to the MoO strains.

Contrasting Responses of Morphologically Similar Wheat Cultivars to Temperatures Appropriate to Warm Temperature Climates With Hot Summers: a Study in Controlled Environment

1977 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 877 ◽  
Author(s):  
AK Bagga ◽  
HM Rawson
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Stability ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Warm Temperature ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Phase Temperature ◽  
Warm Temperate ◽  
Plant Basis

This study attempted to determine if and why there are differences among three cultivars of wheat in their responses to temperature. The three semidwarf cultivars examined, Kalyansona, Condor and Janak, are currently used commercially. Temperature regimes chosen matched the range to which plants in warm temperate climates with hot summers would be exposed at different stages of development. Plants were grown in a phytotron in sunlit cabinets. Responses to temperature were different among the cultivars. Kalyansona was relatively un- responsive to temperatures during the floret phase, being little affected in the sizes of upper leaves, in floret production and grain set, in overall plant growth or in grain yield. The sole character to respond to temperature in this cultivar was kernel weight, which declined with increasing grain phase temperature. In contrast, Condor demonstrated marked plasticity during the floret phase in all plant characters measured. Its plasticity was such that, at the lower temperatures, it outyielded Kalyansona by a substantial margin while at the higher temperatures its yield was relatively poor. On a plant basis, Janak performed similarly to Condor. Rates of photosynthesis were relatively unaffected by temperature in any cultivar. This wide range of response among three superficially similar cultivars has promising implications for the tailoring of cultivars for different temperature zones. The importance of different plant characters to temperature stability is considered in the discussion.

Quantifying the Effects of Fungicides and Tillage on Cercospora sojina Severity and Yield of Soybean

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-232
Author(s):  
Alemu Mengistu ◽  
Heather M. Kelly ◽  
Prakash R. Arelli ◽  
Nacer Bellaloui ◽  
Binbin Lin
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Cercospora Sojina ◽  
University Of Tennessee ◽  
No Till ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Research And Education ◽  
The University

A field study was conducted in 2014 through 2016 at the University of Tennessee Research and Education Center, Milan, TN, to determine fungicide effects on frogeye leaf spot (FLS) caused by Cercospora sojina and to determine disease severity and yield under no-till and tillage. Each plot was visually rated for FLS severity based on the percent leaf area covered from 0 to 100%. The result showed that tillage did not affect severity of the disease or yield. However, there were significant effects from fungicide, year-to-year effects, and fungicide × year interactions. Among the three years, disease severity in 2016 was greater than in 2014 and 2015. Among the six fungicides, Topsin, Topguard, Quadris TOP SBX, and Priaxor significantly (P ≤ 0.05) reduced maximum disease severity in 2016. All fungicide applications improved yield relative to the untreated check. Topsin and Quadris TOP SBX, however, had consistently the highest percent yield increases. These results suggest that not all fungicides that reduced FLS severity equally protected yield, indicating that yield and environmental conditions need to be considered when making appropriate fungicide recommendations in tilled and no-till systems.

scholarly journals Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Mal Secco Disease Spread in Lemon Orchards in Israel

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. 863-872
Author(s):  
Miriam Ben-Hamo ◽  
David Ezra ◽  
Helena Krasnov ◽  
Lior Blank
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Tree Structures ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Orchard Management ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Mal Secco

Mal Secco is a severe disease of citrus in which the fungus Plenodomus tracheiphilus (formerly Phoma tracheiphila) penetrates the vascular system of the host. In this study, we characterized the spatial dynamics of the disease in seven lemon orchards. A representative block of trees from each orchard was evaluated monthly during 3 consecutive years. In addition, scouts assessed disease severity in 75 orchards from three different geographical regions and tested for association between disease severity and measures of orchard management, environmental factors, cultural practices, and cultivar type. We assessed disease incidence and characteristics of spatial patterns using Ripley’s K function and fitted logistic regression models for different neighboring tree structures followed by model selection methods to provide insight into the spatial and temporal dynamics of disease progress. We found different rates of disease spread in different orchards, which are most likely the result of differences in orchard management practices or less likely the result of differences in climatic conditions. There was an indication that agricultural tools contribute to spread of the disease within rows of trees. The results confirm that the lemon cultivar Interdonato is less susceptible compared with other citrus cultivars, and they suggest that the density of urban terrain surrounding each orchard is positively correlated with the severity of the disease. In contrast to our expectations, no correlation was found between the density of lemon orchards surrounding an orchard and the severity of the disease within it, which corroborates previous findings regarding the limited distribution of the disease.

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