scholarly journals Empiricism in Herbert Simon: Administrative Behavior within the evolution of the Models of Bounded and Procedural Rationality

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 719-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALEJANDRO HORTAL

ABSTRACT This paper contextualizes Simon’s book, Administrative Behavior, within the evolution of his ideas arguing, contrary to what some have posited, that the common element that unites this book with the rest of Simon’s work is not the criticism of the classical approach, but an epistemological frame, based on an empirical methodology. This empiricism is the element that remained constant during his career and led him to introduce psychological factors when explaining the behavior of economic agents under his models of bounded and procedural rationality.

Filomat ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 1423-1434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng Wang ◽  
Min Chen

In this paper, we propose an iterative algorithm for finding the common element of solution set of a split equilibrium problem and common fixed point set of a finite family of asymptotically nonexpansive mappings in Hilbert space. The strong convergence of this algorithm is proved.


2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Zi-Ming Wang

Equilibrium problem and fixed point problem are considered. A general iterative algorithm is introduced for finding a common element of the set of solutions to the equilibrium problem and the common set of fixed points of two weak relatively uniformly nonexpansive multivalued mappings. Furthermore, strong and weak convergence results for the common element in the two sets mentioned above are established in some Banach space.


Author(s):  
Joseph T. Gilbert

What does ethics have to do with computer security in the new millennium? What, for that matter, did it have to do with computer security in the old millennium? To answer these two questions, we will start with a more fundamental question: what is ethics? In the first part of this chapter, we will briefly review ethics as a part of philosophy. We will examine three approaches that have been taken for hundreds of years as humans have tried to decide what is the right way to behave. We will then examine business ethics, which is an applied subset of the more general topic. Finally, we will explore specific issues which currently present themselves as matters of ethical concern in the world of computer security, and provide a framework for analyzing issues which have not yet presented themselves, but will do so at some future date. Is it ethical to lend a friend a set of discs which contain a three hundred dollar program that you have purchased, knowing that he intends to load the program onto his computer before returning the discs? Is it ethical to hack into computer systems, as long as you don’t disrupt or corrupt the systems? Is it ethical to monitor the e-mail of your employees? In order to answer these and a host of other questions, it is useful to think about the common element in all these questions: is it ethical?


2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Schilirò

Decision making in economics has been always intertwined with the concept of rationality. However, neoclassical economic literature has been dominated by a specific notion of rationality, namely, perfect rationality, characterized by the assumption of consistency and by the maximization hypothesis. Herbert Simon, in his long research activity, questioned this concept of perfect or global rationality, suggesting a different vision, based on empirical evidence and regarding an individual’s choices. He challenged the neoclassical theory of global rationality, suggesting his notion of bounded rationality, a satisficing (instead of optimizing) behavior, and the relevance of procedural rationality to understand the process of thought of decision makers.Thus, this paper focuses on Simon’s notion of bounded rationality, since bounded rationality remains the hallmark of his theoretical contribution. First, the paper examines the economic decision process in the neoclassical theory and Simon’s notion of bounded rationality. Then, it analyzes in depth Simon’s behavioral model of rational choice, underlining the relevance of satisficing behavior and procedural rationality. Finally, it suggests an assessment of the concept of bounded rationality.


1909 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-309
Author(s):  
Benjamin Wisner Bacon

No passage of the Synoptic Gospels throws so much light upon Jesus’ sense of his own mission as that which deals with Knowing the Father and Being Known of Him in Mt. 11 25-27, Lk. 10 21-22. It belongs to the common element of Matthew and Luke unknown in Mark, and in the judgment of the great majority of critics must therefore be referred to a common source of high antiquity. In short, as respects attestation, its claims to authenticity are unexcelled. As respects content, it deals with the all-important matter of Jesus’ doctrine of divine sonship, and yet it seems to stand alone among Synoptic sayings, and to be paralleled only by utterances ascribed to Jesus by the fourth evangelist. But the Johannine discourses give every indication of having been composed by the evangelist himself in order to expound in dialogue form his own deutero-pauline Christology. The only instance in all Synoptic tradition of anything comparable to this apposition of “the Son…the Father,” is Mk. 13 32, Mt. 24 36.Of that day or that hour knoweth no one, not even the angels in heaven, neither the Son, but the Father.


Author(s):  
Michael Mintrom

InAdministrative Behavior, Herbert Simon proposed a science of administration where organizational decisions represent the primary units of analysis. In constructing a conceptual framework to guide that science, Simon drew heavily on insights from cognitive psychology. Since its publication in 1947,Administrative Behaviorhas inspired researchers investigating institutional and organizational practices across many settings. Here, consideration is given to the impact ofAdministrative Behaviorin public policy and public administration. Four legacies are highlighted. They are: scholarship on incrementalism in policy-making, scholarship on agenda setting, scholarship on choice architecture, and scholarship on expertise and learning organizations. Continuous improvements in information technology and its application, combined with increasing citizen demands for more effective and efficient government, suggest ideas introduced inAdministrative Behaviorwill continue to influence theory and practice in policy design and public management for years to come.


2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahram Khalighi ◽  
Kuo-Huey Chen ◽  
G. Iaccarino

The unsteady flow around a simplified road vehicle model with and without drag reduction devices is investigated. The simulations are carried out using the unsteady RANS in conjunction with the v2-f turbulence model. The corresponding experiments are performed in a small wind tunnel which includes pressure and velocity fields measurements. The devices are add-on geometry parts (a box with a cavity and, boat-tail without a cavity) which are attached to the back of the square-back model to improve the pressure recovery and reduce the flow unsteadiness. The results show that the recirculation regions at the base are shortened and weakened and the base pressure is significantly increased by the devices which lead to lower drag coefficients (up to 30% reduction in drag). Also, the results indicate a reduction of the turbulence intensities in the wake as well as a rapid upward deflection of the underbody flow with the devices in place. A reduction of the unsteadiness is the common element of the devices studied. The baseline configuration (square-back) exhibits strong three-dimensional flapping of the wake. The main shedding frequency captured agrees well with the available experimental data. Comparisons with the measurements show that the simulations agree reasonably well with the experiments in terms of drag and the flow structures. Finally, a blowing system (Coanda jet) is investigated numerically. In this case a drag reduction of up to 50% is realized.


1973 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.T. Wilson

La science des administrations et la théorie des organisations sont deux secteurs des sciences sociales particulièrement affectés par les problèmes inhérents à la conception positiviste de la connaissance de l'univers social. Le statut relatif de la théorie et de la méthode, l'interrelation que l'on présume exister entre les deux, et les postulats selon lesquels on peut « appliquer » la connaissance des phénomènes sociaux en vue d'améliorer la condition humaine, tout cela se présente souvent de façon fort simpliste et quelquefois même dangereuse. A l'aide des arguments avancés par Herbert Simon dans Administrative Behavior et dans ses ouvrages subséquents, l'auteur veut attirer l'attention sur les plus sérieux écueils que recéle l'approche positiviste dans l'étude des processus administratifs parmi les groupes organisés.Le débat sur l'œuvre de Simon, entre 1947 et 1959, a permis de constater que la majorité des critiques, tout en mettant en cause l'accent qu'il plaçait sur des prémisses « décisionnelles » et la dichotomie faits-valeurs qui les soustend, étaient pour l'essentiel d'accord avec Simon quant à la nature de la rationalité humaine, au rôle de l'individu dans un groupe de travail, et à la contribution que l'intellectuel universitaire, par le biais de ses préoccupations cognitives, pouvait apporter à l'amélioration des processus administratifs au nom d'une certaine conception du progrès. Ce n'est qu'à partir du moment où l'on prend conscience que la distinction entre fait et valeur est à la fois une conséquence et une cause de l'établissement et du maintien de la dichotomie entre, d'une part, une soit-disant objectivité sur laquelle l'intellectuel universitaire non engagé aurait une emprise privilégiée et, d'autre part, la subjectivité telle que caractérisée par les valeurs, les préjugés, les préférences et, en général, « l'irrationalité » des participants engagés, que les implications de cette singulière réduction deviennent évidentes.Une analyse plus phénoménologique de l'organisation du travail amène l'auteur à suggérer, entre autres choses, que les « manquements » à la rationalité tels qu'ils se produisent dans la vie de tons les jours soient considérés non pas comme des déviations par rapport à l'idéal défini dans la tour d'ivoire universitaire, ni comme des facteurs de sabotage de la rationalité optimale, mais bien comme composantes intégrates des données d'une situation bien mieux connue par l'acteur-participant qu'elles ne peuvent l'être par l'analyste extérieur à la situation. En contrepartie de cette conception de l'acteur comme cherchant à satisfaire ses besoins eut égard à sa propre connaissance de l'état d'une situation donnée, on retrouve la préférence des acteurs pour des décisions et actions collectives plutôt qu'individuelles, préférence dont l'auteur souligne, en conclusion, quelques implications.


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