Herbert A. Simon,

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Mintrom
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Public Management ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Choice Architecture ◽  
Herbert Simon ◽  
Administrative Behavior ◽  
Units Of Analysis ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Impact

InAdministrative Behavior, Herbert Simon proposed a science of administration where organizational decisions represent the primary units of analysis. In constructing a conceptual framework to guide that science, Simon drew heavily on insights from cognitive psychology. Since its publication in 1947,Administrative Behaviorhas inspired researchers investigating institutional and organizational practices across many settings. Here, consideration is given to the impact ofAdministrative Behaviorin public policy and public administration. Four legacies are highlighted. They are: scholarship on incrementalism in policy-making, scholarship on agenda setting, scholarship on choice architecture, and scholarship on expertise and learning organizations. Continuous improvements in information technology and its application, combined with increasing citizen demands for more effective and efficient government, suggest ideas introduced inAdministrative Behaviorwill continue to influence theory and practice in policy design and public management for years to come.

Public Administration in Central and Eastern Europe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanisław Mazur
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Public Management ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Quality Of Governance ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
The 2008 Financial Crisis ◽  
The Impact

In the early 1990s, the Central and Eastern European countries (CEE countries) saw the collapse of communist regimes and an unprecedented political and economic transformation that resulted in the establishment of democratic, law-governed states and market economies. Administrative reforms, which became an important milestone in this transformation, were considerably influenced both by administrative legacies predominant in the countries and by the Europeanization processes associated with their accession to the European Union. The administrative legacies, which combine elements of various traditions (e.g., German, Napoleonic, and Anglo-American) are still strongly affected by what is left of the communist era. Conversely, the impact of Europeanization processes on public administrations in CEE countries has proved to be much weaker than initially expected. The process of building a professional and apolitical civil service in CEE countries has been plagued by discontinuity and inconsistency, owing to the specific administrative culture of the region, the weakening pressure to modernize EU institutions, and the consequences of the 2008 financial crisis, as well as growing populist tendencies in the region. All these factors encouraged the belief that political control over public administration needs to be tightened in order for the effectiveness and quality of governance mechanisms to be improved. The quality of governance and public management varies widely across the CEE countries. What they have in common—at least to some extent—is the fairly high dynamics of change, including the reversal of the effects of previously implemented reforms. The latter factor may be interpreted as a search for country-specific reform paths, partly due to disappointment with the values and models prevailing in Western Europe, and somewhat as a consequence of growing populist tendencies in the region.

scholarly journals Методы государственного регулирования предпринимательской деятельности: теоретические подходы и опыт реализации в развитых странах

2020 ◽  
pp. 100-112
Author(s):  
София Калинина ◽  
Екатерина Кузнецова
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Foreign Experience ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

В работе систематизирован зарубежный опыт в направлении использования методов и инструментов государственного управления малым и средним предпринимательством. Статья основана на применении процессного подхода к изучению вопроса исследования, в рамках которого акцентируется воздействие субъекта на объект, то есть под управлением в данном исследовании будет пониматься процесс воздействия субъекта управления на управляемый объект для достижения определенной цели, при наличии обратной связи, осуществляемого с учетом воздействия внешней среды. Результаты представленного исследования вносят вклад в развитие и систематизацию теории и практики предпринимательства. Создание благоприятных условий, в частности благодаря изучению зарубежного опыта, будет способствовать развитию как малого и среднего предпринимательства, так и динамичному прогрессивному развитию территории, повышая тем самым благосостояние её населения. Будущими направлениями исследования станут анализ и оценка инфраструктуры поддержки и управления предпринимательской деятельности на локальной территории региона. The purpose of this paper is to systematize foreign experience in applying the public management methods and tools for small and medium-sized businesses. The main research methods were as follows: a group of general scientific methods within the framework of comparative, logical and statistical analysis, as well as the structure analysis; a group of empirical methods, including a review of the literature and performance. A combination of the following scientific methods was used to process the factual information: dialectical, logical, comparative, method of scientific generalizations, as well as the tabular analysis. The sources were the results of the scientific research in studying the concept of "public administration method" and more specialized methods of public administration - administrative-legal and economic, as well as the regulations of the executive authorities and the official published reports of the Government Banks. The research methodology is based on the works of domestic and foreign scientists in the field of public administration, based on administrative-legal and economic methods to stimulate the entrepreneurial activity in the small business sector. This paper is based on the application of the process approach to studying the research issue, which emphasizes the impact of the subject on the object, that is, management in this study will be understood as the process of the control subject impact on the controlled object to achieve a certain goal, with feedback, carried out in response to the impact of the external environment. The results of the research contribute to the development and systematization of the entrepreneurship theory and practice. The creation of favorable conditions, in particular due to the study of foreign experience, will contribute to the development of both small and medium- sized businesses and the area progressive and dynamic development, thereby improving the well-being of its population. Future areas of the research will include the analysis and evaluation of the business support and management infrastructure in the local area of the region.

scholarly journals Paradigm shift from New Public Administration to New Public Management: theory and practice in Africa

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shikha Vyas-Doorgapersad
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Public Management ◽  
New Public Management ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Paradigm Shifts ◽  
African Countries ◽  
New Public

The African continent is facing a number of administrative crises. The recent decline of public administration on the continent has forced some African countries to re-assess their governance systems. Their public service reforms are evidence of the emergence of New Public Management (NPM) for improved public sector administrative structures and operations. This article discusses the paradigm shifts from New Public Administration to New Public Management, as a means of meeting public administration challenges in Africa. At a contextual level, the paper examines the practical implementation by some African countries of NPM and the outcomes of NPM-led reform in these countries.Keywords: Public Administration (PA); New Public Administration (NPA); New Public Management (NPM); Public Value Management (PVM); paradigm; paradigm shift; public service reforms; governanceDisciplines: Public Management; Political Science; Sociology; Economics

Artificial Discretion as a Tool of Governance: A Framework for Understanding the Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Public Administration

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew M Young ◽  
Justin B Bullock ◽  
Jesse D Lecy
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Public Management ◽  
Information Communication ◽  
Environmental Complexity ◽  
Task Specificity ◽  
Political Feasibility ◽  
Public Managers ◽  
New Information ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Public administration research has documented a shift in the locus of discretion away from street-level bureaucrats to “systems-level bureaucracies” as a result of new information communication technologies that automate bureaucratic processes, and thus shape access to resources and decisions around enforcement and punishment. Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) are accelerating these trends, potentially altering discretion in public management in exciting and in challenging ways. We introduce the concept of “artificial discretion” as a theoretical framework to help public managers consider the impact of AI as they face decisions about whether and how to implement it. We operationalize discretion as the execution of tasks that require nontrivial decisions. Using Salamon’s tools of governance framework, we compare artificial discretion to human discretion as task specificity and environmental complexity vary. We evaluate artificial discretion with the criteria of effectiveness, efficiency, equity, manageability, and political feasibility. Our analysis suggests three principal ways that artificial discretion can improve administrative discretion at the task level: (1) increasing scalability, (2) decreasing cost, and (3) improving quality. At the same time, artificial discretion raises serious concerns with respect to equity, manageability, and political feasibility.

scholarly journals State Capabilities for Problem-Oriented Governance

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quinton Mayne ◽  
Jorrit De Jong ◽  
Fernando Fernandez-Monge
Keyword(s):  
International Development ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Public Management ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
Policy Studies ◽  
Sector Reform ◽  
Implementation Problem ◽  
Constituent Elements ◽  
Core Capabilities ◽  
Data Analytic

Abstract Governments around the world are increasingly recognizing the power of problem-oriented governance as a way to address complex public problems. As an approach to policy design and implementation, problem-oriented governance radically emphasizes the need for organizations to continuously learn and adapt. Scholars of public management, public administration, policy studies, international development, and political science have made important contributions to this problem-orientation turn; however, little systematic attention has been paid to the question of the state capabilities that underpin problem-oriented governance. In this article, we address this gap in the literature. We argue that three core capabilities are structurally conducive to problem-oriented governance: a reflective-improvement capability, a collaborative capability, and a data-analytic capability. The article presents a conceptual framework for understanding each of these capabilities, including their chief constituent elements. It ends with a discussion of how the framework can advance empirical research as well as public-sector reform.

Developing E-Government Coursework through the NASPAA Competencies Framework

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M McQuiston ◽  
Aroon P Manoharan
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Performance Measurement ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Organization Theory ◽  
Public Management ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
The Public ◽  
Master Of Public Policy ◽  
It Skills

Information technology (IT) is often less emphasized in coursework related to public administration education, despite the growing need for technological capabilities in those joining the public sector workforce. This coupled with a lesser emphasis on e-government/IT skills by accreditation standards adds to the widening gap between theory and practice in the field. This study examines the emphasis placed on e-government/IT concepts in Master of Public Administration (MPA) and Master of Public Policy (MPP) programs, either through complete course offerings or through related courses such as public management, strategic planning, performance measurement and organization theory. Based on a content analysis of their syllabi, the paper analyzes the extent to which the IT/e-government courses in MPA/Master of Public Policy programs address the Network of Schools of Public Policy, Affairs, and Administration competency standards, and further discuss the orientation of the courses with two of the competencies: management and policy. Specifically, are e-government/IT courses more management-oriented or policy-oriented? Do public management, strategic planning, performance measurement, and organization theory courses address IT concerns?

scholarly journals Optimality of development of the human potential of the public administration system

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 64-69
Author(s):  
M. V. Slonovskyi
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Public Management ◽  
Human Potential ◽  
Staff Turnover ◽  
Administration System ◽  
The Public ◽  
Optimal Development ◽  
High Staff Turnover ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
The Impact

The article analyzes the problems of the optimal development of the human potential of the public administration system. Systematized approaches to the problem of optimality, including the following: homeostatic, probable, goal-oriented. The author has developed a model for optimizing the development of the human potential of the public administration system, the components of which include: the human potential of the public administration system, goals, objectives, responsibilities, performance results, public management impact, public management system needs. The article identifies the main problems of the public administration system in Ukraine, in particular, the slowness of reforming all spheres of society’s activity, the development of corruption, high staff turnover, the lack of transparency in the system of competitive procedures, the impact on the appointment of political ambitions, the lack of real mechanisms for evaluating the performance of employees, employees does not correspond to the real needs of societies in professional talented and innovative personnel. According to the author, the optimal development of the human potential of the public administration system is to bring all the elements of human potential into dynamic quantitative and qualitative conformity with the needs of the public administration system.

scholarly journals Functions of public management of the regional development in the conditions of digital transformation of economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (43) ◽  
pp. 49-58
Author(s):  
Olha Popelo ◽  
Olga Garafonova ◽  
Svitlana Tulchynska ◽  
Marta Derhaliuk ◽  
Danylo Berezovskyi
Keyword(s):  
Differential Equations ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Public Management ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
State Management ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Levels

In this study, a methodological approach based on the model of the differential equations system to determine the impact of the functions of public administration of the regional development in the context of digital transformation is proposed. As digital transformation involves changes in management models of systems at different levels in order to improve their efficiency, this also applies to public management of the regional development. Based on the system approach, social, reproductive and mobilizing functions of state management of the regional development were singled out. To determine the impact of public administration functions on the regional development, it is proposed to use a model of differential equations. Different weights of the influence of the functions of state management of the regional development in the conditions of digital transformation are characterized by dynamic changes in the amplitude of fluctuations of integral indices of the modules of the functionalities of social, reproductive and mobilization functions. Scientific novelty of this study is the development of a methodological approach based on the model of the differential equations system to determine social, reproductive and mobilizing functions of public administration of the regional development in the context of digital transformation.

Reflections on the Life and Legacy of Donald C. Stone

1996 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-18
Author(s):  
Howard Rosen ◽  
Winifred J. Weizer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Professional Associations ◽  
The United States ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Marshall Plan ◽  
Global Society ◽  
The Impact

Donald C. Stone, the founder of the American Public Works Association, died in 1995 at the age of 92. Professor Stone's life was a deliberate mix of public administration theory and public service practice. He is best known for his contributions to the implementation of the Marshall Plan, the organization of the executive office of the President of the United States, and the establishment of action-oriented professional associations serving a global society. This article is a reflection on the life and times of Donald Stone. It is also a call for historians to critically assess the impact of Stone and his colleagues on public works and public administration history, theory, and practice.

Getting to Norway – 30 years of public management research

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 584-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Lægreid
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Public Management ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Theoretical Development ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Administrative Behavior ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
Good Government ◽  
Government Capacity

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine three substantial trends in public administration research from a Norwegian perspective with a special focus on administrative reform that addresses organizational arrangements rather than changes of policy by focusing on government capacity and good government. Design/methodology/approach The paper is synthesizing trends in Norwegian public administration research over the past 30 years by using existing publications and also by contrasting it to development in other countries. Findings The paper describes, first, the theoretical development toward meso-level theories and an institutional turn in public administration research. Second, it focuses on the methodological development toward more time series analysis and comparative and objective data. Third, it addresses the trend from processes and administrative behavior to performance and effects. Originality/value The paper addresses the increasing internalization of public administration research, the strengthened focus on empirical studies of “living” organizations, the need to address the big issues and large forces in public administration and also the transformative periods and unsettled situations going beyond settled stable situations.

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