scholarly journals Rainfall Intensity-Duration-Frequency Relationships for Risk Analysis in the Region of Matopiba, Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-254
Author(s):  
Luciele Vaz da Silva ◽  
Derblai Casaroli ◽  
Adão Wagner Pêgo Evangelista ◽  
José Alves Júnior ◽  
Rafael Battisti
Keyword(s):  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Frequency Function ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Frequency Model ◽  
Maximum Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Duration ◽  
The North ◽  
Gumbel Model ◽  
Intensity Duration Frequency ◽  
Agricultural Areas

Abstract The region of study was MATOPIBA, located in the north of Brazilian Savanna biome (Cerrado), encompassing part of north/northeast of Brazil. The region has been gaining prominence in the last years due to the expansion of agricultural over this area. The aims of this study were: to adjust parameters for rainfall intensity-duration-frequency; and to identify the most vulnerable agricultural areas to erosion based on erosivity and erodibility. The rainfall intensity-duration-frequency function were adjusted using series of maximum annual rainfall event from 105 rainfall gauges. Gumbel model was the most efficient to simulate the maximum rainfall intensity, where these data were used to adjusted the rainfall intensity-duration-frequency model based on K, a, b and c parameters. The most rainfall gauges showed intensity between 51 and 80 mm h-1 and 81 and 120 mm h-1, respectively, for return period of 2 and 100 years with rainfall duration of 30 minutes. The higher rainfall intensity was observed mainly in the central-north of the region associated with rainfall systems. The rainfall intensity showed a huge capacity to cause soil erosion based on the erosivity energy, while the moderate erodibility was observed for areas with Ferralsols and Leptosols and low erodibility for areas with Arenosols.

scholarly journals Intensity-duration-frequency relationships of rainfall through the technique of disaggregation of daily rainfall

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 506-510
Author(s):  
Viviane R. Dorneles ◽  
Rita de C. F. Damé ◽  
Claudia F. A. Teixeira-Gandra ◽  
Letícia B. Méllo ◽  
Mario A. A. Ramirez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Maximum Rainfall ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Intensity Duration Frequency ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Maximum Daily Rainfall ◽  
Student’S T Test

ABSTRACT Rainfall intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) relationships are a tool that can be used in modeling the transformation of rainfall to runoff, required for the design of hydraulic works. The objective of this study was to verify if there is a significant difference between the intensity-duration-frequency relationships generated using pluviographic records and those determined from pluviometric data. Maximum annual rainfall intensity values were obtained from the disaggregation of maximum daily rainfall and rainfall records in the durations of 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 60, 120, 360, 720 and 1440 min and for the return periods of 2, 5, 10, 20, 25, 50 and 100 years, in the locality of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil (31° 46’ 34’’ S; 52° 21’ 34’’ W, altitude of 13.2 m). By Student’s t-test, it was verified that there is no significant difference between the values of maximum rainfall intensity obtained from pluviographic records and those determined from pluviometric data.

scholarly journals Rainfall Trends over the Past Century for Tropical Climatic Region in Western India

10.29007/szsv ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyank Sharma ◽  
Prem Lal Patel
Keyword(s):  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Trend Detection ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Western India ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Maximum Rainfall ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Lower Tapi Basin ◽  
Tapi Basin

Present study examines the applications of different trend detection methodologies for investigation of trend in long-term rainfall over Lower Tapi basin, India using daily gridded rainfall data for the period 1901 – 2013 at 0.25  0.25 resolution. The trends in rainfall indices, viz. total annual rainfall (TAR), annual maximum rainfall (AMR) and average annual rainfall intensity (AAI) have been detected using non-parametric and graphical methods. The results show increasing trends in TAR across all the 9 grids in the study region, with significant increasing trend over Grids-8 and 9. Further, AMR exhibited increasing trend over 7 out of 9 grids, with significant increasing trend over Grid-8 (ZMMK = 2.478;  = 0.356 mm/year) and Grid-9 (ZMMK = 2.278;  = 0.257 mm/year). The Innovative Trend Analysis plots reveal overall increasing trend in AMR across all the grids. The AAI exhibited significant increasing trend over 5 grids including Grids-8 and 9. The Grids 8 and 9 encompass the urban areas of the Surat city, located in the Lower Tapi basin. The urbanization in the Surat city and proximity to the Arabian Sea areas may be the possible reasons for significant increase in the extreme rainfall and rainfall intensity over Grids-8 and 9.

scholarly journals Potential of plotting positions for intensity-duration-frequency curves with short rainfall records

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (4-1) ◽  
pp. 394-399
Author(s):  
Noratiqah Mohd Ariff ◽  
Abdul Aziz Jemain ◽  
Mohd Aftar Abu Bakar
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distribution ◽  
Empirical Distribution ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Annual Maximum ◽  
Distribution Fitting ◽  
Maximum Rainfall ◽  
Gev Distribution ◽  
Idf Curves ◽  
Intensity Duration Frequency ◽  
Annual Maximum Rainfall

Intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curves represent the relationship between storm intensity, storm duration and return period. The IDF curves available are mostly done by fitting series of annual maximum rainfall intensity to parametric distributions. However, the length of annual rainfall records, especially for small scaled data, are not always enough. Rainfall records of less than 50 years are usually deemed insufficient to unequivocally identify the probability distribution of the annual rainfall. Thus, this study introduces an alternative approach that replaces the need for parametric fitting by using empirical distribution based on plotting positions to represent annual maximum rainfall series. Subsequently, these plotting positions are used to build IDF curves. The IDF curves found are then compared to the IDF curves yielded from the parametric GEV distribution which is a common basis for IDF curves. This study indicates that IDF curves obtained using plotting positions are similar to IDF curves found using GEV distribution for storm events. Hence, researchers could model and subsequently build IDF curves for annual rainfall records of less than 50 years by using plotting positions and avoid any probability distribution fitting of insufficient data.

scholarly journals Development of Intensity Duration Frequency (IDF) Curves for Rainfall Prediction within the Middle Niger River Basin

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 382-397
Author(s):  
J. O. Ehiorobo ◽  
O.C. Izinyon ◽  
R. I. Ilaboya
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Annual Maximum ◽  
Return Periods ◽  
Maximum Rainfall ◽  
Niger River ◽  
Idf Curves ◽  
Intensity Duration Frequency ◽  
Best Fit

Rainfall Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) relationship remains one of the mostly used tools in hydrology and water resources engineering, especially for planning, design and operations of water resource projects. IDF relationship can provide adequate information about the intensity of rainfall at different duration for various return periods. The focus of this research was to develop IDF curves for the prediction of rainfall intensity within the middle Niger River Basin (Lokoja and Ilorin) using annual maximum daily rainfall data. Forty (40) year’s annual maximum rainfall data ranging from 1974 to 2013 was employed for the study. To ascertain the data quality, selected preliminary analysis technique including; descriptive statistics, test of homogeneity and outlier detection test were employed. To compute the three hours rainfall intensity, the ratio of rainfall amount and duration was used while the popular Gumbel probability distribution model was employed to calculate the rainfall frequency factor. To assess the best fit model that can be employed to predict rainfall intensity for various return periods at ungauged locations, four empirical IDF equations, namely; Talbot, Bernard, Kimijima and Sherman equations were employed. The model with the least calculated sum of minimized root mean square error (RMSE) was adopted as the best fit empirical model. Results obtained revealed that the Talbot model was the best fit model for Ilorin and Lokoja with calculated sum of minimized error of 1.32170E-07 and 8.953636E-08. This model was thereafter employed to predict the rainfall intensity for different durations at 2, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100yrs return periods respectively.

scholarly journals A coupled system based on Differential Evolution for the determination of Rainfall intensity equations

RBRH ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme José Cunha Gomes ◽  
Eurípedes do Amaral Vargas Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Differential Evolution ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Coupled System ◽  
Precipitation Data ◽  
Frequency Model ◽  
Highway Design ◽  
Annual Series ◽  
Road Design ◽  
Intensity Duration Frequency

ABSTRACT Rainfall intensity equations are fundamental in hydrological studies of road design, which require a project rainfall definition to estimate the project flow and the subsequent design of the hydraulic structure. This paper develops an integrated framework for rainfall intensity equations analyses from global optimization via Differential Evolution. The code was specially developed to facilitate the Gumbel model adjustment in the frequency analysis of annual series, as well as the intensity-duration-frequency model fit, without prior knowledge about the parameters of both models. The developed system was evaluated by using Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation, that search efficiently the model parameter space in pursuit of posterior samples and the posterior prediction uncertainty for both models. The results indicate that simulations are shown to be in good agreement with the measured flow and precipitation data. The optimal parameters obtained with the developed framework agreed with the maximum a-posteriori value of the Monte Carlo simulations. The paper illustrates explicitly the benefits of the method using real-world precipitation data collected for a hydrologic study of a highway design.

Suspended solids in combined sewer flows

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 93-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kapil Gupta ◽  
Adrian J. Saul
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
First Flush ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Maximum Rainfall ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Storm Characteristics

Many studies have identified the first flush phenomenon as being the relatively high concentration of pollutants in the initial phases of combined sewer flow following a storm. One way of controlling the first flush is by the provision of a storage tank such that the effluent can be discharged in a controlled manner. To optimise the storage volume, both the total pollutant load discharged and the temporal variation in pollutant concentration within an event need to be predicted. Sophisticated models to predict the pollutant concentrations in urban sewer flows, for example QSIM and MOUSETRAP are already available. However, the data requirements for these models are extensive, which usually limit their application to major or environmentally sensitive schemes. This paper describes attempts to relate the peak concentration of suspended solids in combined sewer flows to observed storm characteristics. In this study, it was hypothesised that the peak concentrations of suspended solids could be related to the hydrological parameters of maximum rainfall intensity, storm duration, and antecedent dry weather period prior to the storm which are commonly used as the basic parameters for urban sewer design. Data from two sites at Great Harwood and Clayton-le-Moors in the North-west of England has been used in the study and an attempt has been made to define an upper limit of the first flush concentration of suspended solids corresponding to storms which have been categorised into bands defined by their peak rainfall intensity.

Characterization and first flush analysis in road and roof runoff in Shenyang, China

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunlin Li ◽  
Miao Liu ◽  
Yuanman Hu ◽  
Jiping Gong ◽  
Fengyun Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Urban Runoff ◽  
First Flush ◽  
Roof Runoff ◽  
Maximum Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Duration ◽  
Pearson's R ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
Pearson’S R

As urbanization increases, urban runoff is an increasingly important component of total urban non-point source pollution. In this study, the properties of urban runoff were examined in Shenyang, in northeastern China. Runoff samples from a tiled roof, a concrete roof and a main road were analyzed for key pollutants (total suspended solids (TSS), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), chemical oxygen demand (COD), Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn). The event mean concentration, site mean concentration, M(V) curves (dimensionless cumulative curve of pollutant load with runoff volume), and mass first flush ratio (MFF30) were used to analyze the characteristics of pollutant discharge and first flush (FF) effect. For all events, the pollutant concentration peaks occurred in the first half-hour after the runoff appeared and preceded the flow peaks. TN is the main pollutant in roof runoff. TSS, TN, TP, Pb, and Cr are the main pollutants in road runoff in Shenyang. There was a significant correlation between TSS and other pollutants except TN in runoff, which illustrated that TSS was an important carrier of organic matter and heavy metals. TN had strong positive correlations with total rainfall (Pearson's r = 0.927), average rainfall (Pearson's r = 0.995), and maximum rainfall intensity (Pearson's r = 0.991). TP had a strong correlation with rainfall intensity (Pearson's r = 0.940). A significant positive correlation between COD and rainfall duration (Pearson's r = 0.902, significance level = 0.05) was found. The order of FF intensity in different surfaces was concrete roof > tile roof > road. Rainfall duration and the length of the antecedent dry period were positively correlated with the FF. TN tended to exhibit strong flush for some events. Heavy metals showed a substantially stronger FF than other pollutant.

scholarly journals Uncertainty in Rainfall Intensity Duration Frequency Curves of Peninsular Malaysia under Changing Climate Scenarios

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Noor ◽  
Tarmizi Ismail ◽  
Eun-Sung Chung ◽  
Shamsuddin Shahid ◽  
Jang Sung
Keyword(s):  
General Circulation ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
General Circulation Models ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Rcp Scenarios ◽  
Maximum Rainfall ◽  
Idf Curves ◽  
Intensity Duration Frequency

This study developed a methodological framework to update the rainfall intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curves under climate change scenarios. A model output statistics (MOS) method is used to downscale the daily rainfall of general circulation models (GCMs), and an artificial neural network (ANN) is employed for the disaggregation of projected daily rainfall to hourly maximum rainfall, which is then used for the development of IDF curves. Finally, the 1st quartiles, medians, and 3rd quartiles of projected rainfall intensities are estimated for developing IDF curves with uncertainty level. Eight GCM simulations under two radiative concentration pathways (RCP) scenarios, namely, RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5, are used in the proposed framework for the projection of IDF curves with related uncertainties for peninsular Malaysia. The projection of rainfall revealed an increase in the annual average rainfall throughout the present century. The comparison of the projected IDF curves for the period 2006–2099 with that obtained using GCM hindcasts for the based period (1971–2005) revealed an increase in rainfall intensity for shorter durations and a decrease for longer durations. The uncertainty in rainfall intensity for different return periods for shorter duration is found to be 2 to 6 times more compared to longer duration rainfall, which indicates that a large increase in rainfall intensity for short durations projected by GCMs is highly uncertain for peninsular Malaysia. The IDF curves developed in this study can be used for the planning of climate resilient urban water storm water management infrastructure in Peninsular Malaysia.

scholarly journals DETERMINANT PLUVIOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF SEDIMENT TRANSPORT IN A CATCHMENT WITH THINNED VEGETATION IN THE TROPICAL SEMIARID

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 785-793
Author(s):  
MARCOS MAKEISON MOREIRA DE SOUSA ◽  
HELBA ARAÚJO DE QUEIROZ PALÁCIO ◽  
EUNICE MAIA DE ANDRADE ◽  
JACQUES CARVALHO RIBEIRO FILHO ◽  
MATHEUS MAGALHÃES SILVA MOURA
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Maximum Rainfall ◽  
Loss Mitigation ◽  
Rainfall Duration ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Rainfall Depth ◽  
Runoff Depth

ABSTRACT Knowing determinant factors of erosive process is essential to adopt soil conservationist and loss-mitigation measures. Therefore, the objective of this work was to assess the correlation between rainfall characteristics and sediment transport in the Semiarid region of Brazil. The study was conducted at the Iguatu Experimental Basin in the state of Ceará, Brazil, in a watershed with area of 1.15 ha. The vegetation was thinned by removal of plants with diameters below 10 cm, and the area remained with an arboreous cover of 60%. The following variables were evaluated from 2012 to 2016: rainfall depth (mm), rainfall duration (hours), maximum rainfall intensity in 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, and 60 minutes (mm h-1), mean rainfall intensity (mm h-1), rainfall depth in the previous 5 days (mm), runoff depth (mm), and transported sediment (kg ha-1). The records showed 158 rainfall events, 27 with surface runoff and 24 with sediment transport. The correlations were investigated by multivariate analysis of principal components (PC). The model explained 84% of total variance with four PC-PC1, PC2, PC3, and PC4 were formed, respectively, for disaggregating power of rainfall on soil particles, represented by the rainfall intensities; soil water content; runoff depth and sediment transport; and rainfall duration and interval between rainfalls. The highest factorial weight was found for the maximum intensity in 20 minutes, indicating the need for further hydrological studies focused on this variable at basin scale in areas of the Semiarid region of Brazil subjected to thinning of the vegetation.

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