Association between Chronic Periodontitis and Oral/Oropharyngeal Cancer

Abstract The aim of this case control study was to assess the association between the extent and severity of chronic periodontitis and oral cavity and/or oropharyngeal cancer. The case group comprised 35 patients (mean age 56.1±8.4), diagnosed for oral and/or oropharyngeal cancer. The control group comprised 40 individuals (mean age 55.4±9.4) without diagnostic of cancer. All individuals were subjected to a periodontal examination, including bleeding on probing, plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and decayed, extracted and filled teeth index (DMFT). The case group had significantly more sites with plaque. GI and BOP had similar values in both groups. The median PPD and CAL values were significantly higher for the case group. Chronic generalized periodontitis was predominant in 80% of patients with oral and/or oropharyngeal cancer. Eighty nine percent of the patients in the case group presented severe chronic periodontitis. There was no significant difference between groups for median values of DMFT. The extent and severity of chronic periodontitis remained as risk indicators for oral cavity and/or oropharyngeal cancer even after the adjustments for traditional confound factors, i.e. smoking and alcohol consumption.

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Association of a genetic variant (rs689466) of Cyclooxygenase-2 gene with chronic periodontitis in a sample of Iraqi population

Journal of Baghdad College of Dentistry ◽

10.26477/jbcd.v31i4.2719 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Suha A. Dahash ◽

Maha Sh. Mahmood

Keyword(s):

Chronic Periodontitis ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽

Cyclooxygenase 2 ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Pocket Depth ◽

Probing Pocket Depth ◽

Cox 2 ◽

Age Range

Background: periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease causing destruction of the tooth supporting structures, initiated by dental plaque and modified by environmental and genetic risk factors. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme is responsible for the production of prostaglandin E2, an important mediator in the chronic periodontitis (CP) pathogenesis. Polymorphisms in COX-2 gene have linked to CP in different populations. Aim: To study the association between Cyclooxygenase-2 single nucleotide polymorphism rs689466 (-1195A/G SNP) and chronic periodontitis in a sample of Iraqi population. Methods: One hundred Iraqi subjects divided into two groups: case group consisted of 70 CP patient (35 males and 35 females) with age range 30-55 years, and control group consisted of 30 racially matched healthy subjects (15 males and 15 females) with age range 30-50 years. Clinical periodontal parameters including plaque index (PLI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were recoded for all participants. 3ml of venous blood was collected from each participant for isolating genomic DNA. Genotyping of the rs689466 in COX-2 gene was performed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Results: The frequency of G allele carriers was significantly more prevalent in the case group compared to control group (P= 0.041), and allele G was associated with greater susceptibility for chronic periodontitis compared to allele A (OR=1.4). Conclusion: COX-2 (rs689466) polymorphism may be associated with increased chronic periodontitis susceptibility.

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A LOW-DOSE LASER (DIODE LASER) APPLICATION REDUCES POCKET PERIODONTAL DEPTH AND CLINICAL ATTACHMENT LOSS

International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics ◽

10.22159/ijap.2017.v9s2.30 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. 121

Author(s):

Robert Lessang ◽

Yuniarti Soeroso ◽

Albert Juanda ◽

Sandra Olivia Kuswandani

Keyword(s):

Diode Laser ◽

Laser Diode ◽

Chronic Periodontitis ◽

Low Dose ◽

Initial Therapy ◽

Pocket Depth ◽

Clinical Attachment Loss ◽

Attachment Loss ◽

Probing Pocket Depth ◽

Significant Difference

Objective: The initial therapy for chronic periodontitis is scaling and root planing (SRP), followed by non-surgical and surgical therapy. Recently, low-dose laser therapy was mentioned as an adjunctive therapy for periodontitis. This study aims to analyze the effect of degranulation using a low-dose laser (diode laser) after SRP for chronic periodontitis treatment with an attachment loss of ≤5 mm compared to SRP alone.Methods: A split-mouth design of in 158 tooth surfaces divided into two groups. The first group was treated with a low-dose laser (diode laser) after SRP, while the second group was treated with SRP only. Bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment loss (CAL) were all examined at baseline and 35 days later.Results: The results were statistically significant differences between the two groups were indicated in terms of PPD (p=0.000) and CAL (p=0.040). No significant difference was identified in terms of BOP.Conclusion: The application of a low-dose laser (diode laser) is effective in reducing PPD and CAL as an adjunct therapy in chronic periodontitis treatment.

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Optimization of the terms of supportive periodontal therapy using photoactivated disinfection

Periodontology ◽

10.33925/1683-3759-2019-24-2-121-126 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 121-126 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

V. G. Atrushkevich ◽

L. Yu. Orekhova ◽

O. O. Yanushevich ◽

E. Yu. Sokolova ◽

E. S. Loboda

Keyword(s):

Chronic Periodontitis ◽

Adjunctive Treatment ◽

Control Group ◽

Clinical Parameters ◽

Ozone Therapy ◽

Pocket Depth ◽

Clinical Attachment Loss ◽

Supportive Periodontal Therapy ◽

Tannerella Forsythensis ◽

Observation Period

Relevance: to indentify if periodontal treatment which is presented by photoactivated disinfection (PAD) adjunctively to scaling and root planing (SRP) yield better outcomes than ozone therapy as an adjunct to SRP in periodontitis.Materials and methods: we examined 57 (mean age 49,3 ± 1,02) patients with chronic periodontitis, divided into groups, SRP + PAD, SRP + ozone therapy and SRP alone. Subgingival plaque samples were subjected to DNA extraction and real time PCR amplifcation for detection Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Prevotella intermedia (Pi), Tannerella forsythensis (Tf), Treponema denticola (Td), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa). The amount of periodontopathogens and clinical parameters including plaque index, clinical attachment loss, pocket depth, bleeding on probing were measured at baseline, after 40, 90 and 180 days.Results: the results in groups of PAD+SRP and ozone therapy+SRP showed an improvement in all clinical parameters PI, BOP, PD, CAL and the quantity of Pg, Td and Tf compared to the control group during an observation period.Conclusion: the results showed additional benefts from PAD and ozone therapy as an adjunctive treatment to SRP for patients of chronic periodontitis.

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A COMPARATIVE STUDY TO ASSES THE EFFICACY OF NANOBIO FUSION GEL AS AN ADJUNCT TO SCALING AND POLISHING IN CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS. - A CLINICAL STUDY

10.36106/gjra/4108515 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-3

Author(s):

Patil A. Veena ◽

Ansari T. Sobia ◽

Agarwal Priyanka ◽

Ayesha Ayesha ◽

Sultana Shahnaaz

Keyword(s):

Periodontal Disease ◽

Chronic Periodontitis ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Test Group ◽

Controlled Clinical Trial ◽

Pocket Depth ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Probing Pocket Depth ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Control

Introduction: Various chemical agents such as nonsteroidal, anti-inflammatory drugs and antimicrobial agents has gained popularity in treatment of periodontal disease but simultaneously lead to condition such as drug resistance and drug allergy. Hence , the topical application of herbal agents such as propolis, aloevera, green tea extracts, Neem reduces the potency and effectiveness to prevent progression of periodontal disease. NanoBioFusion(NBF)gel contains the natural antioxidant power of propolis,vit C,vit E which allows the ultrafine antioxidant to surpase the moist intraoral environment to enter the cells and rejuvenate,revitalize,support,protect and optimize gum and soft oral tissue.Hence the present study is aimed to evaluate the clinical effect of locally delivered NBF gel as an adjunctive therapy to scaling and polishing in the treatment of Periodontitis. Materials and Methods: Chronic Periodontitis patients with 40 sites and probing pocket depth (PD) between 5 and 7 mm were selected in a randomized controlled clinical trial. SRP was performed in both control and test group followed by NBF gel application in 40 sites. The plaque index, gingival index and probing Pocket depth,were recorded at baseline, 6 weeks, and 3 months.The statistical analysis with paired t‑test was used to compare the test and control sites. Results: From baseline to a period of 3 months, a statistically significant difference was seen between both groups for Pocket probing depth and from baseline to 6 weeks the mean GI and PI score have a statistically significant result was obtained(P=0.01& 0.00). Conclusions: Locally delivered NBF gel exhibited a significant improvement compared with SRP alone in chronic periodontitis.

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COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF EFFICACY OF SCALING AND ROOT PLANING WITH AND WITHOUT CHLORHEXIDINE CHIP AND DIODE LASER IN CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS PATIENTS

International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies ◽

10.32553/ijmbs.v5i11.2287 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (11) ◽

Author(s):

Reya Shree ◽

Varun Dahiya ◽

Pradeep Shukla ◽

Prerna Kataria ◽

Mona Dagar

Keyword(s):

Diode Laser ◽

Chronic Periodontitis ◽

Control Group ◽

Clinical Parameters ◽

Scaling And Root Planing ◽

Pocket Depth ◽

Probing Pocket Depth ◽

Root Planing ◽

Before And After ◽

Laser Group

Introduction: The motive of the present study is to comparatively measure the competence and effectiveness of diode laser and chlorhexidine chip as adjuncts to the scaling and root planing procedure, in patients with chronic periodontitis. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of diode laser and chlorhexidine chip before and after scaling and root planing in the management of chronic periodontitis. The objective is to compare the efficacy of chlorhexidine chip and diode laser before and after scaling and root planning on clinical parameters. Study and design: Randomized clinical trial with split mouth design done in the Department of Periodontics and Implantology. Materials and methods: Twenty chronic periodontitis patients having a probing pocket depth of 5mm-7mm on at least one interproximal site in each quadrant of the mouth were selected in the study. After initial treatment, four sites in each patient were randomly subjected to scaling and root planing (control), chlorhexidine chip application (CHX chip group), diode laser (810 nm) decontamination (Diode laser group) or combination of both (Diode laser and chip group). All subjects received a clinical periodontal examination by single examiner who recorded all the variables by manual procedure. Clinical parameters namely Plaque index (PI), Gingival Index (GI), probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were assessed at baseline, one month and three months. Results were statistically analysed using one-way ANOVA followed by Post Hoc Analysis. Results: The differences in PPD reduction and CAL gain between control group and CHX chip and combination groups were statistically significant (p<0.05) at three months, whereas, the diode laser group did not show any significant difference from the control group. Conclusion: Within the limitations in the present study, the following conclusions were derived, i.e., chlorhexidine local delivery alone or in combination with diode laser decontamination is effective in improving oral hygiene, reducing gingival inflammation, reducing probing pocket depth and improving clinical attachment levels when used as adjuncts to scaling and root planing in non-surgical periodontal therapy of patients with chronic periodontitis. Keywords: Diode laser decontamination, Local drug delivery, Scaling and root planing.

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TOPICAL CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC ADJUNCTS IN NON-SURGICAL PERIODONTAL THERAPY – A RANDOMISED CONTROLLED DOUBLE BLINDED TRIAL.

International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies ◽

10.32553/ijmbs.v5i3.1851 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Upendra Prasad ◽

Abhinav Deshpande ◽

Praneeta Kamble ◽

Abhishek Singh ◽

Adiya Apon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Periodontitis ◽

Comparable Efficacy ◽

Control Group ◽

Scaling And Root Planing ◽

Pocket Depth ◽

Root Planing ◽

Intergroup Comparison ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group A ◽

Chlorhexidine Gel

Introduction: Topical chemotherapeutic agents used in treatment of chronic periodontitis are antimicrobial agents which help in plaque control. The present study evaluates the efficacy of ornidazole gel with gold standard chlorhexidine gel when used as adjunct to scaling and root planing. Material and Methods: 90 patients diagnosed as chronic periodontitis, having pocket depth ?3 mm and in good systemic health were selected by systematic sampling method and divided in 3 groups. In all 3 groups scaling and root planing was done. In group A, Ornidazole gel application was done while in Group B Chlorhexidine gel application was done while Group C was control group. Plaque Index (PI) and Gingival Index (GI) were recorded at baseline, 1 and 3 months while Probing pocket depth (PPD) and Clinical attachment level (CAL) were recorded at baseline and 3 months. Results: PI and GI showed significant reduction in all three groups after 1 and 3 months compared to baseline. On inter group comparison, both PI and GI showed no significant difference in reduction of scores after 1 month and 3 months (p>0.05). PPD and CAL values showed statistically significant reduction after 3 months when compared to baseline values. The intergroup comparison revealed statistically significant reduction in group A and B compared to control group C (p<0.05). Conclusion: Ornidazole showed comparable efficacy as Chlorhexidine when used as adjunct to scaling and root planing for treatment of chronic periodontitis.

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Folate-receptor 1 level in periodontal disease: a pilot study

BMC Oral Health ◽

10.1186/s12903-019-0909-z ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Duygu Alkan ◽

Berrak Guven ◽

Cigdem Coskun Turer ◽

Umut Balli ◽

Murat Can

Keyword(s):

Periodontal Disease ◽

Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽

Folate Receptor ◽

Serum Folate ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Control Group ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Pocket Depth ◽

Probing Pocket Depth ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to investigate gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum folate-receptor 1 (FOLR1) levels in subjects with different periodontal status. Methods The study consists of three groups: Healthy group (n = 15), gingivitis group (n = 15) and chronic periodontitis group (n = 15). Clinical periodontal parameters including probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival index (GI) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were assessed. GCF and serum samples were collected from each patient and were analyzed FOLR1 levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results The values of FOLR1 in GCF were higher in gingivitis and periodontitis groups than among patient in control group (p < 0.016). Serum FOLR1 levels showed no significant difference between the groups. A significant correlation was observed between FOLR1 levels of GCF and BOP (p < 0.05). Conclusions Our preliminary data suggest that FOLR1 is not useful in monitoring the periodontal disease. Further studies are necessary to clarify the role, regulation and function of folate and it’s receptors in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease.

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Evaluation of statins (Simvastatin and lovastatin) in reducing periodontal parameters in patients with chronic periodontitis

International Journal of Multidisciplinary and Current Research ◽

10.14741/ijmcr/v.6.5.15 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Ali Banihashem Rad ◽

Majid Reza Mokhtari ◽

Ershad Aghasizadeh ◽

Mojtaba Bakhshande Far ◽

Ahmad Banihashem ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Periodontal Disease ◽

Chronic Periodontitis ◽

Mevalonate Pathway ◽

Blood Cholesterol ◽

Lipid Lowering ◽

Control Group ◽

Pocket Depth ◽

Probing Pocket Depth ◽

Periodontal Index ◽

Experimental Group

Introduction and objective: Chronic periodontitis is the most common form of periodontal disease. Progression of the disease is due to high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Statins are a class of lipid-lowering drugs that used for cardiovascular disease and stroke. Statins has potential anti-inflammatory effect by blocking intermediate metabolites of the mevalonate pathway. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of Lovastatin and Simvastatin in improve the parameters of chronic periodontitis in the population of Khorasan Razavi province. Methods and materials: 40 subjects with chronic periodontitis were selected and informed consent was obtained from participants. Participants were divided into control and experimental groups and we scaling for patients of both groups, then control group without high blood cholesterol and treatment of patients was done without statin drugs and in case groups, patients with blood cholesterol higher than 240 mg/dl with Lovastatin 20 mg/day during 3 month treated. Periodontal indices; such as probing pocket depth (PPD), GI, PI, CAL and bleeding on probing in patients with chronic periodontitis were measured by the examiner before and after treatment in the control group and the experimental group. Also this index were measured 3 months after treatment in both groups by the same person examiner as Blind and dataes were analyzed by statistical software. Results: In this study, Mean ± SD of age was 7.93 ± 43.8 in the control group and the experimental group was 7.72 ± 47.8 and of the 40 patients in the study, 18 were males and 22 were females. Our study showed that the index of GI, CAL, BOP and probing depth were significantly different between the two groups after the intervention (P less than 0.05) and only after the intervention PI index was not significantly different between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: Our findings showed that statins may improve periodontal index in patient with periodontal disease. This is probably because that statins increase bone regeneration and reduced inflammatory parameters such as CRP, MMP-9, TNF-α and the intermediate products.

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Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for the treatment of moderate to severe periodontitis: a clinical pilot study

Undersea and Hyperbaric Medicine ◽

10.22462/10.12.2020.6 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 571-580 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Giorgio Lombardo ◽

◽

Alessia Pardo ◽

Caterina Signoretto ◽

Annarita Signoriello ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hyperbaric Oxygen ◽

Chronic Periodontitis ◽

Soft Tissues ◽

Test Group ◽

Clinical Parameter ◽

Control Group ◽

Pocket Depth ◽

Probing Pocket Depth ◽

Parallel Group ◽

Hbo2 Therapy

Objectives: To clinically and microbiologically evaluate the effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) therapy in addition to full-mouth ultrasonic subgingival debridement (FM-UD), in the initial treatment of chronic periodontitis. Methods: Twenty patients presenting moderate to severe generalized forms of chronic periodontitis were included in a three-month randomized, parallel-group, single-blinded, prospective study. At baseline patients were randomly assigned to two treatment groups [Test Group (FM-UD+HBO2) and Control Group (FM-UD)]. Both groups were treated with an FM-UD session. Ten HBO2 sessions (one session per day for 10 days at a pressure of 2.5 ATA) were additionally administered to the Test Group. Soft tissues parameters [probing pocket depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BOP), clinical attachment level (CAL) and visible plaque index (VPI)] were assessed at baseline (immediately before FM-UD treatment), after two weeks, after six weeks and at three months. For each patient, a site presenting PPD ≥ 6mm and positive BOP was selected as a qualifying site (QS), to be monitored clinically (at T0, T1, T2 and T3) and microbiologically (at T0, T1 and T3). Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups for any clinical parameter analyzed after three months, except for BOP, which was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in the Test Group. Reductions in bacterial levels were detected in both groups after therapy. Faster bacterial recolonization occurred after three months in the Control Group. Conclusion: HBO2 therapy in combination with FM-UD may represent an efficacious approach to the treatment of moderate to severe forms of periodontitis.

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Nature’s Anti-inflammatory agent and its use as a Local drug delivery agent for treatment of chronic periodontitis: A clinical, microbiological and biochemical study

Journal of Ayurvedic and Herbal Medicine ◽

10.31254/jahm.2021.7107 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 30-35

Author(s):

Vandana Kangowkar Vijayapremakumar ◽

◽

Agami Mehta ◽

Priyanka Shivanand ◽

Shobha Prakash ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Local Drug Delivery ◽

Control Group ◽

Periodontal Pathogens ◽

Pocket Depth ◽

Probing Pocket Depth ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Periodontal disease can lead to progressive loss of tooth-supporting tissues and alveolar bone. Due to the clinical limitations of scaling and root planing and recolonization of bacteria, the use of systemic and local administration of antimicrobial agents as adjuncts seems beneficial. In recent years, herbal and ayurvedic remedies are being researched to treat common infections and inflammatory conditions. Here an attempt was made to evaluate the effect of curcumin 10mg (Curenext) (CU) used as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal therapy. A total of 10-15 sites in 14 patients with probing pocket depth 5-7mm were included. In experimental group, sites were treated with SRP+CU and in control group sites were treated with SRP alone. Plaque index, gingival bleeding index, gingival index, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level were assessed at baseline, 21st day, 30th day, and 90th day. Subgingival plaque samples were collected to assess periodontal pathogens like Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia and Fusobacterium nucleatum by anaerobic culture. GCF samples were collected to assess lactate dehydrogenase at baseline and 21st day. Results showed significant reduction in clinical parameters (PI, GBI, GI, PPD and CAL) and high statistically significant reduction in periodontal pathogens and lactate dehydrogenase in both the treatment groups, significant difference was seen in SRP+CU group. To conclude, the adjunctive use of curcumin 10mg (curenext* ) as an anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antiplaque agent along with routine mechanical debridement is definitely a promising therapy that would add to the potential benefits of the periodontal treatment.

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