scholarly journals Repetition of estrus is the most frequent reproductive problem after breeding in dairy cattle from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Kenji Nunes Arashiro ◽  
Hugo Libonati ◽  
Gustavo Bervian dos Santos ◽  
Luiz Altamiro Garcia Nogueira ◽  
Guilherme Nunes de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Breeding System ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Reproductive Disorders ◽  
Reproductive Management ◽  
Reproductive Disorder ◽  
Reproductive Problem

ABSTRACT: Reproductive efficiency is one of the key elements for any milk production system to be successful. In this regard, reproductive management must be planned properly and the identification of the main reproductive disorders that affect the herd is primordial for decision-making. The aim of the present study was to identify the main reproductive problems that affect dairy herds on Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil. Data regarding breed, age, reproductive disorder occurrence, and breeding system were individually collected from dairy cows raised at 25 farms located at RJ. The occurrence of reproductive disorders was reported in 37% of the studied animals. Estrous repetition (76.2%) and abortion (15.6%) were the most frequent reproductive problems reported. Estrous repetition was more common in older animals (>6 years old). However, an association between abortion and age of animal was not observed, nor an association between breeding system and occurrence of abortion. The present results demonstrated that estrous repetition is the main obstacle to the reproductive efficiency in dairy herds at RJ, and that the replace of older cows by heifers is an important point within reproductive management of a dairy herd.

scholarly journals Characterisation and Pattern of Culling in Holstein Dairy Cows in Torbat-E-Jam Area, Northeast of Iran

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massod Didarkhah ◽  
Mohsen Danesh Mesgaran ◽  
Elias Ibrahimi Khorram Abadi ◽  
Fereshteh Jamili ◽  
Seyed Mohammad Hosseini
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Reproductive Disorders ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Milk Fever ◽  
Common Infectious Disease ◽  
Infection Disease ◽  
Digestive Disorders

To describe proportion and pattern of culling in commercial dairy herds of Torbat-e-Jam region in northeastern of Iran, this survey was carried out over a period of 15 years from 1997 to 2011 in industrialized dairy herd. In total, the data of 4149 lactating cows have been used in this study. Overall, 415 (09.0%) cows were culled. The involuntary culling were mainly from infertility or reproductive disorders (4%), followed by metabolic and digestive disorders (3%), infection disease (1%) and lameness (1%). Infertility accounted for 55% of disposals in culled cows. Milk fever was the most important reason (26%) for culling due to metabolic and digestive track disorders. Pneumonia was the most common infectious disease that contributed to culling, and on average, it was responsible for 43% of disposals. Subacute mastitis accunted 88% of infection disease disposal. Bone fracture, vagal syndrome and foreign body accunted 19%, 31% and 38% of other disorders disposal, respectively. Aproximately, 13% of the recorded cullings were for unknown reasons. High proportion of infertility or reproductive culling specially poor fertility should be considered as an important economic loss and precaution measures are necessary to reduce this loss.

Comparing the performance of Holstein and Friesian dairy cows on British dairy farms

2002 ◽  
Vol 2002 ◽  
pp. 18-18
Author(s):  
G. E. Pollott ◽  
J. D. Leaver
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Friesian Cows

In recent years there has been an influx of Holstein genes into the UK dairy herd, largely achieved by a ‘grading up’ process using imported Holstein semen on Friesian cows. The research reported here investigates this process using performance records from UK dairy herds.

On-farm phosphorus budget: Model to predict yearly phosphorus contents in manure of dairy herds

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-411
Author(s):  
Isabelle Chaperon, Cynthia Ouellet ◽  
Vincent Girard ◽  
Younes Chorfi
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Phosphorus Budget ◽  
Budget Model ◽  
Dairy Animals ◽  
On Farm ◽  
The Relationship

In order to reduce soil phosphorus (P) saturation, it is essential to assess the amount of manure P on cultivated soil. The purpose of this study was to estimate yearly herd manure P outputs from production and feeding records with a model based on replacement and dairy animals. The model predicts manure P based on P ingested by dairy cows (kg yr-1), P secreted in milk (kg yr-1), P in calf at birth (kg yr-1), and the number of first-lactation cows. The relationship between first-lactation cows and heifers was established; there were 1.3 ± 0.05 heifers for each first-lactation cow. Manure P from heifers was then obtained by fitting the model to manure P accumulated in concrete pits of 12 farms, measured over two 6-mo periods at 1 yr intervals. The model added 10.6 ± 4.6 kg of P for each first-lactation cow to predict the yearly P output of 1.3 heifers. Ratios between P harvested as feed and P predicted in manure were calculated in 1133 herds. High ratios were obtained in herds with less customized concentrate (P < 0.001), more harvested grain and silage (P < 0.001) on farm and larger size of herd (P < 0.001) with more milk (P < 0.001) and lower calf production (P < 0.001). Decreasing purchased customized concentrates and increasing the amount of silage fed to animals are valid options to reduce non-point-source P pollution. Key words: Dairy herds, manure, phosphorus, model, reproductive efficiency

scholarly journals Factors That Optimize Reproductive Efficiency in Dairy Herds with an Emphasis on Timed Artificial Insemination Programs

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 301
Author(s):  
Carlos Eduardo Cardoso Consentini ◽  
Milo Charles Wiltbank ◽  
Roberto Sartori
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Service Rate ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Reproductive Management ◽  
Timed Artificial Insemination

Reproductive efficiency is closely tied to the profitability of dairy herds, and therefore successful dairy operations seek to achieve high 21-day pregnancy rates in order to reduce the calving interval and days in milk of the herd. There are various factors that impact reproductive performance, including the specific reproductive management program, body condition score loss and nutritional management, genetics of the cows, and the cow comfort provided by the facilities and management programs. To achieve high 21-day pregnancy rates, the service rate and pregnancy per artificial insemination (P/AI) should be increased. Currently, there are adjustments in timed artificial insemination (TAI) protocols and use of presynchronization programs that can increase P/AI, even to the point that fertility is higher with some TAI programs as compared with AI after standing estrus. Implementation of a systematic reproductive management program that utilizes efficient TAI programs with optimized management strategies can produce high reproductive indexes combined with healthy cows having high milk production termed “the high fertility cycle”. The scientific results that underlie these concepts are presented in this manuscript along with how these ideas can be practically implemented to improve reproductive efficiency on commercial dairy operations.

scholarly journals 8RESYNCHRONIZATION OF OVULATION AND TIMED INSEMINATION IN LACTATING DAIRY COWS USING THE OVSYNCH AND HEATSYNCH PROTOCOLS INITIATED 7 DAYS BEFORE PREGNANCY DIAGNOSIS ON DAY 30 BY ULTRASONOGRAPHY

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 126 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Bartolome ◽  
A. Sozzi ◽  
J. McHale ◽  
K. Swift ◽  
D. Kelbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
North Central ◽  
Central Florida ◽  
Pregnancy Diagnosis ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows

Rapid re-synchronization of ovulation and insemination in cows found nonpregnant to a previous service is important to maintain high reproductive efficiency. The objective was to compare pregnancy rate (PR) and pregnancy losses (PL) in cows subjected to Ovsynch or Heatsynch protocols 7 days before pregnancy diagnosis by ultrasonography (U/S) on Day 30. Initiation of both protocols included administration of GnRH on Day 23, which was considered the optimal time according to the distribution of interestrus intervals in cows previously inseminated. The study was conducted in a large dairy herd located in north central Florida from March to May, 2003. Of 593 cows treated with GnRH on Day 23 (±1) after insemination and found nonpregnant at U/S on Day 30 (±1; experimental Day 0), 75% (445) had a CL (diestrus) and were sequentially assigned to the two experimental groups. Cows in the Ovsynch Group (n=225) received 25mg (i.m.) PGF2α (Lutalyse, Pharmacia, Kalamazoo, MI, USA) on Day 0, 100μg (i.m.) GnRH (Cystorelin, Merial Limited, Iselin, NJ, USA) on Day 2, and were timed inseminated 16h later. Cows in Heatsynch Group (n=220) received 25mg (i.m.) PGF2α on Day 0, and 1mg (i.m.) estradiol cypionate (ECP, Pharmacia, Kalamazoo, MI, USA) on Day 1, and were timed-inseminated 36h later. Pregnancy at Day 30 was determined by U/S and at Day 55 by rectal examination of the genital tract. Pregnancy rate and PL were evaluated using multiple logistic regression. Pregnancy rate at Day 30 for Ovsynch (64/225, 28.4%) and Heatsynch (63/220, 28.6%) and PR at Day 55 for Ovsynch (58/225, 25.8%) and Heatsynch (54/220, 24.5%) were not different. In addition, PL between Days 30 and 55 for Ovsynch (6/64, 9.4%) and Heatsynch (9/63, 14.3%) were not different. There were no effects of parity, inseminator and days in milk on PR. However, PR at day 30 was higher in lots with cooling systems (46/141, 32.6%) and lots of first calf heifers (41/135, 30.4%) compared to lots of multiparous cows late in lactation without cooling systems (32/148, 21.6%). In conclusion, Heatsynch and Ovsynch initiated 7 days before pregnancy diagnosis on Day 30 had comparable PR of 25% at Day 55 in lactating dairy cows during the period of March–May.

scholarly journals The incidence of Reproductive Disorders in Dairy Cows under Smallholder Farms

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
Muhammad Yusuf ◽  
Abdul Latief Toleng ◽  
Djoni Prawira Rahardja ◽  
Su Thanh Long
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Reproductive Disorders ◽  
Smallholder Farms ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Reproductive Disorder ◽  
Smallholder Dairy ◽  
Smallholder Dairy Farms

The objective of this study was to know the incidence of reproductive disorders in smallholder dairy farms. The study was conducted in 12 small dairy farms in Enrekang Regency, Indonesia.  A total of 80 dairy Holstein Friesian cattle consisted of 51 dairy cows and 29 dairy heifers were used in the present study. All dairy cattle at each farm were housed in tie-stall barns.  Reproductive examination was conducted to determine the incidence of reproductive disorders both vaginoscopy and palpation per rectum. The incidence of reproductive disorders was 30.0%; 31.0% in dairy heifers and 29.4% in dairy cows. Uterine infection was the most reproductive disorder suffered to the dairy cattle (12.5%), followed by inactive ovaries and cyst (10% and 5%, respectively). The dairy cattle suffered from reproductive disorders increased the likelihood to mate (artificial insemination; AI) greater than three times as well as to become pregnant. In the population of dairy cattle, 48% AI was conducted greater than three times. The pregnancy rate for the dairy cattle suffered from reproductive disorders was only 20%, with interval from calving to conception was 550 days in average. It can be concluded that high incidence of reproductive disorders in smallholder dairy farms. The occurrence of reproductive disorders decreased the reproductive performance of the dairy cattle in smallholder farms.

scholarly journals NON-GENETIC FACTORS AFFECTING THE INCIDENCE OF CALVING ABNORMALITIES IN CROSSBRED COWS

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
Nitin Wakchaure ◽  
Ravinder Malhotra ◽  
Udita Chaudhary ◽  
Dilip Deokar
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Reproductive Disorders ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Crossbred Cows ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Dairy Animals ◽  
Very High

Background: Calving abnormalities incudes reproductive disorders such as abortion and dystocia which affects the herd life and reproductive efficiency of dairy animals and ultimately the economics of dairy herds because of replacement from herd. Generally, crossbreds cows are more susceptible for the incidence of calving abnormalities as compared to the indigenous breeds. Methods: For the present study, secondary data of calving abnormalities such as abortion and dystocia was collected from the disease records of Phule Triveni crossbred cows. The data consists of 2168 number of calvings records of abortion and dystocia during the period of 20 years from 1995-2014. The incidence of calving abnormalities such as abortion and dystocia were calculated as percentage for each period, season, parity, stage of lactation and level of production. Results:The incidence of calving abnormalities was 8.53 per cent while the incidence of abortion and dystocia was 5.81 and 2.3 per cent.The incidence of abortion was higher during summer season (7.61 per cent) while that of dystocia in rainy season (3.00 per cent).The highest incidence of abortion was observed in fourth parity in case of abortion (10.86 per cent) and dystocia (3.37 per cent). Conclusion: Non-genetic factors such as season, party, late stage of lactation and very high milk producing cows are predisposing factors for more occurrence of calving abnormalities in Phule Triveni crossbred cows, so more emphasis should be given to managemental practices to minimise the occurrence of incidence at farm level.

scholarly journals Effect of Postpartum Endocrine Function, Metabolism, and Mastitis on Fertility in High-Yielding Cows – A Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-359
Author(s):  
Kamil Siatka ◽  
Anna Sawa ◽  
Sylwia Krężel-Czopek
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Reproductive Management ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Gaining Insight

Abstract Decreasing fertility in dairy cows, especially in the highest yielders, may be due to excessive metabolic burdens placed on their bodies. Many authors attribute decreasing reproductive efficiency in high-yielding cows to energy deficiencies in early lactation and to associated metabolic and hormonal disorders. The complexity of the issues involved in the efficient reproductive management of cows and the scientifically and practically important understanding of factors affecting fertility in high-producing cows mandate continuous updating of existing knowledge. The aim of this study was to present the effect of postpartum endocrine function, metabolism, and mastitis on fertility in high-yielding cows. Gaining insight into these mechanisms and their relationships with factors such as nutrition and milk yield appears to be crucial for improving dairy cow fertility.

Postpartum reproductive management of dairy cows in a large Florida dairy herd

1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 1249-1258 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.A. Risco ◽  
R.L. de la Sota ◽  
G. Morris ◽  
J.D. Savio ◽  
W.W. Thatcher
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Reproductive Management

scholarly journals Reproductive disorders in dairy cows of the southwest of Paraná

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 535-539
Author(s):  
Fernanda Elisa Giacomelli ◽  
ADALGIZA PINTO NETO ◽  
MARCELO FALCI MOTA ◽  
ANTÔNIO CAMPANHA MARTINEZ ◽  
LUIZ SÉRGIO MERLINI
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Ovarian Cysts ◽  
Calving Interval ◽  
Estrus Cycle ◽  
Reproductive Disorders ◽  
South Of Brazil

Reproductive efficiency of dairy cows is evaluated directly considering the calving interval, which is affected by nutrition, irregular estrus cycle, prolonged anestrus, and reproductive diseases. Reproductive diseases cause economic losses due to diagnosis and treatment costs, and reduction in milk production. Thus, the objective of this study was to report the occurrence of the main reproductive disorders in dairy cows of the Southwest of Paraná, South of Brazil. Data of ultrasound diagnoses were collected from 2274 cows of 70 rural properties in the municipalities of Realeza, Planalto, Capanema, Pérola do Oeste, and Santa Isabel do Oeste from January 2014 to May 2015. Reproductive disorders were found in 24.50% (557/2274) of the animals evaluated; ovarian cysts (follicular, and luteal) were the most significant disorders, found in 16.13% (367/2274) of the cases. Other disorders were found less frequently. The occurrence of follicular and luteal cysts was observed especially in primiparous animals in months of pasture transition.

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