The incidence of Reproductive Disorders in Dairy Cows under Smallholder Farms

The objective of this study was to know the incidence of reproductive disorders in smallholder dairy farms. The study was conducted in 12 small dairy farms in Enrekang Regency, Indonesia. A total of 80 dairy Holstein Friesian cattle consisted of 51 dairy cows and 29 dairy heifers were used in the present study. All dairy cattle at each farm were housed in tie-stall barns. Reproductive examination was conducted to determine the incidence of reproductive disorders both vaginoscopy and palpation per rectum. The incidence of reproductive disorders was 30.0%; 31.0% in dairy heifers and 29.4% in dairy cows. Uterine infection was the most reproductive disorder suffered to the dairy cattle (12.5%), followed by inactive ovaries and cyst (10% and 5%, respectively). The dairy cattle suffered from reproductive disorders increased the likelihood to mate (artificial insemination; AI) greater than three times as well as to become pregnant. In the population of dairy cattle, 48% AI was conducted greater than three times. The pregnancy rate for the dairy cattle suffered from reproductive disorders was only 20%, with interval from calving to conception was 550 days in average. It can be concluded that high incidence of reproductive disorders in smallholder dairy farms. The occurrence of reproductive disorders decreased the reproductive performance of the dairy cattle in smallholder farms.

The Physicochemical Properties of Goat Skin Gelatin at Different Ages With the Use of Lactobacillus plantarum and Acetic Acid as a Pretreatment

ABSTRACT Pretreatment of chemical acids using organic chemicals has been widely applied, while pretreatment using microbial Lactobacillus plantarum to form ossein in goat skin has not been done much. Application of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) microbial species L. plantarum is thought to affect health and environment friendly. This study aims to determine the characteristics of goat skin gelatin at different ages of L. plantarum 1uhcc pretreatment and acetic acid (CH3COOH). Each treatment was repeated 3 times. The study design used a Split Plot Design with acid source treatment as the main plot and the age of goats 1, 2 and 3 years as subplots. The results showed a very significant effect (P<0.01) between the age of the goat with gel strength, pH, viscosity and color. The highest gel strength and viscosity at 1 year of age with L.plantarum pretreatment respectively (441.37±0.78 g bloom) and (9.22±0.09 cP). Goat skin gelatin has the highest pH at 1 year of age with L.plantarum 5.24±0.16. Similarly, the effect of gelatin (P<0.05) with a brightness level (L) 76.38±1.10 and redness (a) 11.13±1.58 affect the age of goats and acidic sources while yellowish (b) 33.81±2.34 only affects the acid source. Age of goats with different acid pretreatment has an impact on the physicochemical properties of goat skin gelatin. Goat age 1 year with L.plantarum pretreatment showed optimal results.

Existence oF Salmonella sp. in Beef Meat In Sangatta, Kutai Timur District

Based on microbiological aspects, product of an animal food safe to be consumption if not contain microbial pathogens, microbial that can cause health problems of humans to whom comsume it, one of the pathogenic bacteria that often found on beef is a salmonella sp. Research aimed to determine the existence of bacteria Salmonella sp from slaughterhouse, abattoir and traditional market in Sangatta East Kutai regency. Parameter research parameter of observation was to determine whether there are bacteria Salmonella sp (positive / negative) on beef samples and how much percentage (%) the existence of Salmonella sp on beef samples. obtained data for each test were analyzed by descriptive approach. Based on research results on 20 beef samples both from slaughterhouses, abattoir, and sold in Sangatta traditional market not indicate the existence of bacteria Salmonella sp (negative), possibility it is because growth of bacteria Salmonella sp still low and does not have the ability to compete with bacteria lactic acid (Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, Aeromonas, Acenetobacter, Pseudomonas) so that growth will be obstructed.

Differences in Characteristics of Farmers who Adopt and Who Do not Adopt a Cattle Business Insurance Program

One government program through the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia is insurance for cattle business as a manifestation of the government's partisanship in an effort to protect cattle farmers from the risk of death and loss of cattle. To support the program, Gowa Regency has implemented a cattle business insurance program. Farmers are a very influential factor in the adoption of cattle business insurance programs that have different characteristics to adopt so as to minimize the risk of their livestock business.This study aims to determine the differences in characteristics of farmers who adopt and who do not adopt a cattle business insurance program. This research was conducted in Bungaya District, Gowa Regency from February to March 2019. The method used is descriptive research using 98 farmers as a sample consisting of 63 people who adopted and 35 people who did not adopt, data collected through interviews and analyzed descriptively statistically. The results showed that differences in the characteristics of farmers who adopted and did not adopt a cattle business insurance program consisting of:(a) the age of farmers is mostly 38 to 54 years with those adopting 35 people and those who do not adopt 16 people; (b) most of them are male, where 51 farmers adopt and 28 farmers who do not adopt; (c) the last level of education of the farmer is mostly elementary school/equivalent who adopted as many as 25 people and those who did not adopt 14 people; (d) the total number of family members of farmers is 4 to 6 in which 29 people adopt and 22 people do not adopt; (e) the scale of the business of most 1 to 7 cattle owned by farmers as many as 54 people who adopted and 32 people who did not adopt; and (f) the experience of raising is mostly in the range of 10 to 23 years where those who adopt as many as 40 people and those who do not adopt 24 people.

Farmer Participation in Maiwa Breeding Center Program In Barru Regency, South Sulawesi

Abstrak The Maiwa Breeding Center program was a communiversity program from Hasanuddin University in the form of a Bali cattle nursery. The aim of this program was to preserve Bali cattle germplasm and improve the genetic quality of Bali cattle while increasing farmer income. The participation of farmers in implementing the MBC program was the key to the success of the program. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of farmer participation in the MBC program in Barru District. The number of respondents was 72 people who were randomly selected from 234 MBC partner farmers. Data was collected by enumerators who have been trained using questionnaires. The measured variable was the level of farmer participation during program planning, program implementation, program monitoring and evaluation and utilization of the results of the nursery program. Variables were measured using scores 1 - 4, namely from not participating, low participation, high participation and very high participation. Data analysis uses frequency distribution and continuum value table. The results showed that the participation of farmers in planning and monitoring and evaluation was in the low category. The participation of farmers in the implementation and utilization of results was in the high category. Overall, farmer participation in Bali cattle breeding activities was in the high category.

Level of Participation of Salassae Rural Swabina Community

Natural farming is an agricultural system that does not use external inputs in the implementation of its farming. This study aims to determine the level of participation of farmers at each stage of planning and decision making, evaluation and utilization of results. The research method uses a qualitative case study method. Data collection uses the method of triangulation methods, namely in-depth interviews, observation and focus group discussions. Key informants included the SRSC founder, chairman, active members and new members. The results showed the level of participation of farmers at the planning stage is at the level of self-participation where farmers decide themselves willingness to participate in natural farming activities. In addition, farmers plan their farming according to the resources they have and are guided by SRSC instructors. At the implementation stage, farmers carry out natural farming independently and are guided by extension workers or other farmers who have already done natural farming first. At the evaluation stage, the farmer evaluates every activity that has been carried out. Evaluation is not only at the end of the activity, but at the time of the activity, the farmer also conducts an evaluation together with more advanced farmers. At the yield utilization stage, farmers' income increases and the ability of farmers to do natural farming continues to increase as they become increasingly involved in activities in SRSC.

Consumer Preference of Broiler Meat Attributes in Traditional Markets

Meat needs (Broilers) have increased and meat consumption is influenced by consumer preferences caused by shifting consumption patterns, and is supported by low prices compared to beef. The shift is influenced by prices, substitute goods, tastes, season, age, education, number of dependents, income, and increasing population so that preferences, and attributes that consumers consider in buying broiler meat in traditional markets need to be studied. The study used a purposive sampling method, with the criteria of the Adji Dilayas Sanggam Market, Senja Market, and the Milono Market in Berau Regency, having broiler meat traders. Determination of respondents using proportional sampling techniques, each market 12 respondents (36 respondents), meet the smallest number of traders considered to meet the minimum sample criteria. Sources of data obtained from primary data and secondary data. The results showed that broiler meat that has a golden color, clean skin, medium carcass size, physically not bruised, fresh meat, and especially the chest. Chi Square analysis showed that all attributes were significantly different (p <0.05), meaning that there were differences in preferences for the attributes of broiler meat in traditional markets. Fishbein Multiatribute Analysis proves that meat freshness, flesh color, carcass physicality, skin cleanliness, carcass size, and carcass portion are the most considered, and or not considered attributes.

Test of Sodium Aluminate (Boraks) Content in Bakso in North Sangatta Sub-District (Case Study in Bakso Store)

The purpose of this study was to determine the content of borax in meatballs in North Sangatta District meatball stalls. The method used in this research is descriptive analysis method. The meatball samples used were 270 samples obtained from 30 meatball stalls in North Sangatta and tested at the Animal Health and Veterinary Public Health Laboratory of East Kutai Agriculture Office in East Kalimantan. The test was carried out to find out whether or not the meatball sample contained borax using the borax test kid. If a positive meatball sample contains borax, then the borax test paper will be brownish red while if the negative meatball sample is borax test paper is yellow. The test results showed that all meatball samples were negative (containing no borax). Based on the research it was concluded that the meatballs were not identified to contain borax.

Prevalence of Microbial Contamination and Antibiotic Residue in Chicken Meat, Beef, and Offal in South Sulawesi

Chicken meat, beef, and offal are important animal products. They easily spoiled due to bacterial contamination and might contain antibacterial residues derived from treatments during rearing and processing. This present work aimed to investigate location- and time-dependent value of TPC (Total Plate Count), and analyze antibiotic residue present in chicken meat, beef, and offal sampled in the Province of South Sulawesi. This current study was conducted by analyzing data released from UPT. Animal Product Quality Analysis in Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Health, Province of South Sulawesi. Our experimental design was arranged according to completely randomized design with factorial (4×3), and carried out 5 replications. The results showed that two locations (Takalar District and Palopo District) had the lowest TPC value, while Palopo City possessed the highest TPC value. Regarding to antibiotic residue, the positive sample was only found in 2015, a chicken meat sample collected in Luwu Utara District.Keywords : Total Plate Count (TPC), Antibiotic Residues.

Investigation on physical change and storability of meatball after treated with different levels of liquid smoke and storage time

This present work investigated physical change and storability of buffalo meatball after treated with different levels of liquid smoke and storage time. Completely randomized design consisting of 2 factors (liquid smoke levels: 0, 1, 2%; storage time: 0, 1, 2, 3 weeks) was arranged, with 3 replications. Analysis of variance was employed to evaluate data, followed with LSD test. The results showed that liquid smoke could reduce shear force of meatball and TPC, but increase rancidity. Meanwhile, all parameters studied (shear force, TPC, and rancidity) tended to be lower along with storage time. In addition, both factors seemed to exhibit similar response oto shear force and TPC. In conclusion, the addition of liquid smoke 2% and storage time of 1 week resulted in the most desirable effect on buffalo meatball.