Cytological, Bacteriological and Antibiogram Studies for the Management of Uterine Infection in Repeat Breeder Bovines

Background: Repeat breeding syndrome (RBS) associated with sub-clinical uterine infection (UI) remains to be a major reproductive problem faced by Indian farmers. Present study documents its diagnosis, prevalent etiological agents, antibiogram pattern and efficacy of the treatment at field level. Methods: Seventy-eight RBS affected bovines were selected. The cervical mucous (CM) was collected for study of its characteristics, white-side test, endometrial cytology, microbial examination and antibiogram. The treatment protocol was developed and the animals’ response to the treatment was assessed. Result: The overall incidence of RBS was found to be 12.9% and the cases associated with uterine infection (RBS/UI+ve) and without uterine infection (RBS/UI-ve) were 44.87% and 55.13%, respectively. The mean scores of CM character, odour, pH and number of polymorphonuclear cells in RBS/UI +ve were 2.09±1.39, 1.14±0.12, 8.49±0.08 and 12.46±0.96, respectively, and differed significantly (P less than 0.05) from RBS/UI-ve cases. The microbial examination revealed the presence of gram negative bacilli, Trueperella spp., Pseudomonas spp., Staphylococcus spp., Escherichia coli and yeast infection. Antibiogram studies recorded the response of Tetracyclin as best (48.57%) followed by Cephalexin (22.86%), Chloramphenicol (20.0%) and Streptomycin (8.57%). The RBS/UI+ve cases were treated individually, on one-to-one basis, obeying antibiogram. The infection appeared to be considerably controlled and overall success rate was observed in the form of confirmed pregnancy in 71.43% cases. Thus, it was concluded that prompt diagnosis using endometrial cytology and antibiogram guided therapeutic approach may aid for effective management of RBS/UI +ve cases, under field conditions.

Studies on Progesterone Concentration and Fertility Response in Postpartum Subestrus Buffaloes during Breeding and Low Breeding Seasons

Background: The dairy and livestock sector plays a very important role in national economy of India by contributing close to one third of gross income of rural households and nearly half of gross income in case of those without land. Subestrus is the most prevalent, frustrating and challenging problem encountered in postpartum buffaloes. Postpartum subestrus is one of the most prevalent, frustrating and challenging reproductive problem encountered in rural resulting into prolonged inter-calving period, reduced milk production and thus greatly affecting the economy of our farming community. Methods: The present study was carried out on Graded Murrah buffaloes during the period from September 2017 to August 2019 (includes breeding and low breeding season) which were maintained at farm and field. Treatment of sub-estrus lactating graded Murrah buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) using Double PGF2 α (DPG) and Presynch-Ovsynch (POVS) their influence on fertility in farm and field condition during breeding and low breeding season was studied. Total cholesterol and progesterone concentration was recorded during different days/period of protocols. Further, overall per cent conception and pregnancy rates were recorded and compared between two protocols. Result: Progesterone levels increased significantly on day 21 post AI in pregnant buffaloes, whereas decreased significantly in non-pregnant buffaloes both in farm and field during breeding and low breeding season. The overall per cent conception and pregnancy rates were higher in POVS group than DPG group at both farm and field as well as during breeding and low breeding seasons.

Waist circumference, hip circumference, arm span, and waist-to-hip ratio high risk of polycystic ovarian syndrome

Background and Aims Polycystic ovarian syndrome is a reproductive problem of women with high prevalence cases accompanied by obesity conditions. Obesity condition can be seen from the size of waist circumference, hip circumference, arm span, and waist-to-hip ratio. This study aims to find out the risk factors between waist circumference size, hip circumference, arm span, and waist-to-hip ratio with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Methods This research is an analytical observation using a case-control approach conducted at Sekar Fertility Clinic and Poly Obgyn Dr Moewardi General Hospital Surakarta. Subjects were 150 consisting of 75 polycystic ovarian syndrome women and 75 normal fertile women. Sampling techniques used in this study are purposive sampling, researchers doing anthropometric measurements in the form of waist circumference, hip circumference, arm span, and waist-to-hip ratio simultaneously. The results were analyzed using Statistic Product and Service Solution 25. Results The results of the study obtained waist circumference with polycystic ovarian syndrome ( b = 3.002; CI 95% = 3.41–123.5; p = 0.001), hip circumference ( b = −2.671; CI 95% = 0.01–0.37; p = 0.002), arm span ( b = 5.318; CI 95% = 32.23–129.58; p < 0.001) and waist-to-hip ratio ( b = 1.761; CI 95% = 1.02–33.01; p = 0.047). Conclusion Waist circumference size, hip circumference, arm span, and waist-to-hip ratio correlate to a high risk of polycystic ovarian syndrome. Arm span is more dominant as an indicator of high risk to polycystic ovarian syndrome compared to waist circumference, hip circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio.

Formation of Competence and Professional Skills of the Future Social Teacher in the Study of Humanitarian Disciplines

This article examines the problems of the potential capabilities of certain academic disciplines in the formation of the professional competence of future social teachers. The author has set the goal to consider the important components of the system of forming the professional competence of future social teachers, which are: forms of organization of classroom work as lectures, conferences, consultations and extracurricular work of students (diploma works, forms of organization of scientific research work, teaching practice, etc.); teaching methods (explanatory-intellectual, reproductive, problem presentation, research, etc.) and education (methods of forming personality consciousness, methods of organizing activities and forming the experience of social behavior, methods of stimulating behavior and activities); means of the system for the formation of professional competence of future social teachers as the State Standard of Higher Professional Education, curricula and curricula, didactic material, computers, computer classes, the Internet, software, etc.

Concurrent occurrence of vagino-cervical and rectal prolapse in a doe and its successful management

Vaginal prolapse is a common reproductive problem during their last trimester of pregnancy. Protrusion of single or more layers of rectum through the anus is rectal prolapse. Rectal prolapse is also a common problem in cattle and small ruminants. Rectal prolapse occurs following straining which may be related with many conditions. In late gestation, vaginal prolapse may occur due to hormonal shift, decline in progesterone and rise in estrogen. Because of vaginal prolapse the animal may strain continually and end up with rectal prolapse and leads to a serious obstetrical emergency. A two and half years old pluriparous non descriptive doe was presented with the history of a mass protruding through the vulva and anal opening for the past five hours. Based on the initial clinical observation, the case was diagnosed as vagino-cervical prolapse coupled with rectal prolapse. The prolapsed vaginal mass and rectal mass was reduced and replaced in its anatomical position. Since the rectal straining was persistent, parturition was induced using cloprostenol (125 µg) and dexamethasone sodium phosphate (16 mg) as intramuscular injection. Following the induction, the doe delivered two live male kids after 36 hrs. After parturition straining was not observed. The animal made an uneventful recovery without any recurrence. Keywords: Doe, Rectal Prolapse Vagino-cervical prolapse, Parturition, Induction

Common reproductive problem associated with one humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) in West Africa

The problems of reproduction in the camel are not extensively investigated as in the bovine, caprine and ovine species. There is need to elucidate the problem in detailed in order to overcome the problem of production and genetic multiplication. The information collected on these problems is derived mainly from questioning the camel owners, slaughterhouse material and very limited clinical and farm observations.

Ovariohysterectomy: A Salvage Method in Welfare of Stray Cattle: A Clinical Case Report of Five Animals

With the hike of the human population in metro cities, problems of stray orphan cattle have also increased simultaneously. Such animals when feeding on roadside litter and plastic garbage, don’t gain optimum nutrition and because of that suffer from many diseases. In such animals when a reproductive problem arises, it remains untreated for a longer duration and as time elapsed certain reproductive conditions such as cervicovaginal prolapse could not be treated by ordinary methods due to fibrosis (Tyagi and Singh, 2002). Present communication documents successful management of long-standing cases of reproductive organ’s prolapse via per vaginum ovariohysterectomy in stray cattle.

Repetition of estrus is the most frequent reproductive problem after breeding in dairy cattle from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

ABSTRACT: Reproductive efficiency is one of the key elements for any milk production system to be successful. In this regard, reproductive management must be planned properly and the identification of the main reproductive disorders that affect the herd is primordial for decision-making. The aim of the present study was to identify the main reproductive problems that affect dairy herds on Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil. Data regarding breed, age, reproductive disorder occurrence, and breeding system were individually collected from dairy cows raised at 25 farms located at RJ. The occurrence of reproductive disorders was reported in 37% of the studied animals. Estrous repetition (76.2%) and abortion (15.6%) were the most frequent reproductive problems reported. Estrous repetition was more common in older animals (>6 years old). However, an association between abortion and age of animal was not observed, nor an association between breeding system and occurrence of abortion. The present results demonstrated that estrous repetition is the main obstacle to the reproductive efficiency in dairy herds at RJ, and that the replace of older cows by heifers is an important point within reproductive management of a dairy herd.

The polycystic ovary syndrome: an example of obesity-related cardiovascular complication affecting young women

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a good example of obesity-related cardiovascular complication affecting young women. PCOS is not only considered a reproductive problem but rather represents a complex endocrine, multifaceted syndrome with important health implications. Several evidences suggest an increased cardiovascular risk of cardiovascular disease associated with this syndrome, characterized by an impairment of heart structure and function, endothelial dysfunction and lipid abnormalities. All these features, probably linked to insulin-resistance, are often present in obese PCOS patients. Cardiovascular abnormalities represent important long-term sequelae of PCOS that need further investigations.