scholarly journals Protein concentrates obtained from pig by-products using pH-shifting technique: a preliminary study

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudine Garcia Chaves da Costa ◽  
Marielle Maria de Oliveira Paula ◽  
Armando Abel Massingue ◽  
Robledo de Almeida Torres Filho ◽  
Eduardo Mendes Ramos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Extraction ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Insoluble Fraction ◽  
Protein Concentrates ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Ph Shifting ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Solubility Profiles ◽  
By Products

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to investigate the extraction and characterization of protein concentrates from pig by-products (heart, liver and kidneys) using the pH-shifting technique. From the solubility profiles (pH 2 to 12), the protein extraction was performed at alkaline pH (10.0 to 11.5), obtaining two fractions: soluble (SC) and insoluble (IC). Higher protein content (71 to 77%) and extractability (214 to 459 mg/g) were observed in heart and liver concentrates; whereas, for water holding capacity (WHC) the highest values (4.20 to 4.54 g water/g protein) were for the heart (SC) and kidney (SC and IC) concentrates. All concentrates had high emulsion stability and higher WHC than commercial protein extenders (whey and soybean). The concentrates obtained from the soluble fraction were redder (higher a* values and lower h values) and darker (lower L* values) than insoluble fraction, especially heart and liver concentrates. Use of concentrates in sausage production slightly altered the color chroma (C*) of samples. It was concluded that the pig by-products protein concentrates had great potential of use as extenders in sausage production.

Fractionation and characterization of lignin carbohydrate complexes (LCCs) of Eucalyptus globulus in residues left after MWL isolation. Part I: Analyses of hemicellulose-lignin fraction (HC-L)

Holzforschung ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuyuki Miyagawa ◽  
Ooki Takemoto ◽  
Toshiyuki Takano ◽  
Hiroshi Kamitakahara ◽  
Fumiaki Nakatsubo
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Anhydride ◽  
Lithium Chloride ◽  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Insoluble Fraction ◽  
Milled Wood Lignin ◽  
Cellulose Solvent ◽  
Lignin Fraction ◽  
Subsequent Deacetylation

Abstract The residual wood meal left after milled wood lignin (MWL) isolation (MWR) was extracted with the cellulose solvent lithium chloride/N,N-dimethylacetamide (LiCl/DMAc) to obtain a soluble fraction (C-L) and an insoluble fraction (C-L-residue). The C-L-residue was further extracted with the hemicellulose solvent 3 M NaOH to give a soluble fraction named hemicellulose-lignin fraction (HC-L) with 21.3% yield based on MWR. It was found that HC-L was composed of xylan, cellulose and lignin with abundant S-type β-O-4 substructures. HC-L lignin was bonded to HC-L cellulose or HC-L hemicelluloses or both. The method, which comprised acetylation for hardwood xylan (by acetic anhydride/pyridine/formamide) and extraction with chloroform, was found to be effective for selective xylan acetate fractionation. HC-L was further fractionated by the same method and subsequent deacetylation to give a xylan-lignin fraction (X-L) in 11.3% yield based on HC-L. X-L was composed mainly of xylan and lignin with abundant S-type β-O-4 substructures, and bonded to X-L xylan. X-L is considered as a promising fraction for elucidation of the structure of lignin-carbohydrate linkages.

Fractionation and characterization of lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCCs) of Eucalyptus globulus in residues left after MWL isolation. Part II: Analyses of xylan-lignin fraction (X-L)

Holzforschung ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 629-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuyuki Miyagawa ◽  
Hiroshi Kamitakahara ◽  
Toshiyuki Takano
Keyword(s):  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Quantum Coherence ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Insoluble Fraction ◽  
Wood Residue ◽  
Lignin Fraction ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra ◽  
Carbohydrate Complex ◽  
Acetic Acid Lignin

Abstract The residual wood meal left after milled wood lignin (MWL) isolation [milled wood residue (MWR)] of 5-year-old Eucalyptus globulus was fractionated to afford a xylan-lignin fraction (X-L) in 2.9% yield (based on MWR) by the method reported previously. X-L was further fractionated with the lignin solvent 1,4-dioxane/water (9:1, v/v) to give a soluble fraction (XL-F1; 24.0%) and an insoluble fraction (XL-F1-residue; 74.6%; both yields based on X-L). XL-F1-residue was further extracted with the good xylan solvent dimethyl sulfoxide and the soluble fraction was termed XL-F2 (43.0%; based on the XL-F1-residue). XL-F1 was mainly composed of lignin with a small amount of xylan and it is similar to purified MWL, whereas XL-F2 was mainly composed of xylan with some amount of lignin and it is similar to a fraction that was prepared by the extraction of crude MWL with acetic acid [lignin-carbohydrate complex (LCC)-AcOH]. The two-dimensional heteronuclear single quantum coherence nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of XL-F1 and XL-F2 were interpreted that the former has α-ether-type lignin-carbohydrate (LC) linkages and the latter might have LC linkages of the phenyl glycoside type, which are different from those in LCC-AcOH.

scholarly journals Isolation and chemical characterization of collagen in bovine pulmonary tissues

1975 ◽  
Vol 145 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Francis ◽  
J Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Insoluble Fraction ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Pancreatic Elastase ◽  
Insoluble Collagen ◽  
Interstitial Collagens ◽  
Carbohydrate Contents

1. The contents of the fibrous proteins collagen and elastin in the pleural and parenchymal regions of bovine lungs were determined. The collagen content was approx. 70% (g/100g of salt-extracted defatted powder) in each tissue, and the elastin content was 28% in pleura and 13.5% in parenchyma. 2. Purification of the insoluble collagen from the pleura and parenchyma of bovine lungs by various methods was attempted. The collagen fractions isolated after incubation of the pulmonary tissues with the proteolytic enzymes collagenase (“collagenase-soluble” fraction) or pancreatic elastase (“elastase-insoluble” fraction) each contained approx. 87% of the total collagen initially present. 3. Both collagen fractions were chemically analysed for their amino acid and carbohydrate contents and were found to be similar to those of the intact interstitial collagens isolated from skin, bone and tendon. 4. The contents of the two aldimine cross-linking compounds, dehydrohydroxylysinonorleucine and dehydrodihydroxylysinonorleucine, were determined in the bovine pulmonary collagen fractions, and were found to decrease with increasing age of the animals, and were similar to the values found in intact collagens from bone and tendon.

Preparation and Characterization of Osmodehydrated Fruits from Lemon and Date By-products

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 405-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Masmoudi ◽  
S. Besbes ◽  
C. Blecker ◽  
H. Attia
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Dehydration ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Water Bath ◽  
Solution Composition ◽  
Sucrose Solutions ◽  
Open Structures ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
By Products

An osmotic dehydration process (ODP) was established in order to formulate osmodehydrated fruits from lemon and date by-products. ODP was conducted at 40°C, maintained using an oven, or a water bath with continuous stirring. The kinetics of the osmodehydration in a water bath showed a better mass transfer. Then, osmodehydrated fruit (ODF) preparations of about 40°Brix were formulated using different isotonic solutions (sucrose, glucose/sucrose, glucose, and date juice). All the formulated products showed better characteristics (lower acidity, higher sugar content, etc.) than the untreated lemon by-product. The isotonic solution composition influenced their physical characteristics such as microstructure and viscosity. In fact, ODF prepared in glucose and glucose/sucrose solutions presented more open structures, lower viscosities, and water holding capacities (WHC) than the others. The products were microbiologically stable during 3 months at 4°C. These results support the valorization of lemon and date by-products as ODF that could be consumed or incorporated as an ingredient in food formulations.

scholarly journals Analytical Characterization of Water-Soluble Constituents in Olive-Derived By-Products

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1299
Author(s):  
Pablo Doménech ◽  
Aleta Duque ◽  
Isabel Higueras ◽  
José Luis Fernández ◽  
Paloma Manzanares
Keyword(s):  
Olive Tree ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Olive Pomace ◽  
Olive Leaves ◽  
Olive Stone ◽  
Olive Trees ◽  
Tree Pruning ◽  
By Products

Olive trees constitute one of the largest agroindustries in the Mediterranean area, and their cultivation generates a diverse pool of biomass by-products such as olive tree pruning (OTP), olive leaves (OL), olive stone (OS), and extracted olive pomace (EOP). These lignocellulosic materials have varying compositions and potential utilization strategies within a biorefinery context. The aim of this work was to carry out an integral analysis of the aqueous extractives fraction of these biomasses. Several analytical methods were applied in order to fully characterize this fraction to varying extents: a mass closure of >80% was reached for EOP, >76% for OTP, >65% for OS, and >52% for OL. Among the compounds detected, xylooligosaccharides, mannitol, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol, and hydroxytyrosol were noted as potential enhancers of the valorization of said by-products. The extraction of these compounds is expected to be more favorable for OTP, OL, and EOP, given their high extractives content, and is compatible with other utilization strategies such as the bioconversion of the lignocellulosic fraction into biofuels and bioproducts.

scholarly journals Extraction and Mass Spectrometric Characterization of Terpenes Recovered from Olive Leaves Using a New Adsorbent-Assisted Supercritical CO2 Process

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1301
Author(s):  
Zully J. Suárez Montenegro ◽  
Gerardo Álvarez-Rivera ◽  
Jose A. Mendiola ◽  
Elena Ibáñez ◽  
Alejandro Cifuentes
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Oxide ◽  
Silica Gel ◽  
Supercritical Co2 ◽  
Olive Leaves ◽  
Fractionation Process ◽  
Selective Enrichment ◽  
Adsorption Desorption ◽  
First Time ◽  
By Products

This work reports the use of GC-QTOF-MS to obtain a deep characterization of terpenoid compounds recovered from olive leaves, which is one of the largest by-products generated by the olive oil industry. This work includes an innovative supercritical CO2 fractionation process based on the online coupling of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and dynamic adsorption/desorption for the selective enrichment of terpenoids in the different olive leaves extracts. The selectivity of different commercial adsorbents such as silica gel, zeolite, and aluminum oxide was evaluated toward the different terpene families present in olive leaves. Operating at 30 MPa and 60 °C, an adsorbent-assisted fractionation was carried out every 20 min for a total time of 120 min. For the first time, GC-QTOF-MS allowed the identification of 40 terpenoids in olive leaves. The GC-QTOF-MS results indicate that silica gel is a suitable adsorbent to partially retain polyunsaturated C10 and C15 terpenes. In addition, aluminum oxide increases C20 recoveries, whereas crystalline zeolites favor C30 terpenes recoveries. The different healthy properties that have been described for terpenoids makes the current SFE-GC-QTOF-MS process especially interesting and suitable for their revalorization.

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