scholarly journals Mycological quality of pecan nuts from Brazil: absence of aflatoxigenic fungi and aflatoxins

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Valle Garcia ◽  
Vivian Machado Moraes ◽  
Angélica Olivier Bernardi ◽  
Maurício Schneider Oliveira ◽  
Carlos Augusto Mallmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Information ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
International Market ◽  
International Literature ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Direct Plating ◽  
Aflatoxigenic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Microbiota

ABSTRACT: In recent years, Brazil has encouraged the cultivation of pecans to meet both demands of domestic and international market of nuts. New genetic varieties of pecans have been selected in recent years, but available scientific information on the occurrence of fungi and aflatoxins in the international literature is out of date. Therefore, the present study aimed to quantify and identify fungal microbiota and the presence of aflatoxins in pecan nuts cultivated in southern Brazil. Fifty-two pecan nut lots (Barton variety) were obtained from producers from 19 cities of Rio Grande do Sul State and analyzed by direct plating in Agar Dichloran Glycerol 18% (DG18) and Aspergillus Flavus and Parasiticus Agar (AFPA), following incubation at 25 °C for 7 days. Aflatoxins analyses were carried out using HPLC coupled with a mass spectrometer. Results revealed at least 10 different genera of fungi. Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, and Cladosporium were predominant. Xerophilic species of Aspergillus (A. wentii, A. ruber, A. pseudoglaucus, and A. chevalieri) were commonly reported in the samples. No potential aflatoxin-producing species was isolated and no aflatoxins were detected (LOQ=1 μg/kg and LOD=0.1 μg/kg for AFB1 and AFB2, and 0.3 μg/kg for AFG1 and AFG2) in the evaluated samples. The absence of this carcinogenic group of mycotoxins is highly positive and could boost the investments in the sector, as well as stimulate the commercialization and consumption of this variety of nut.

scholarly journals POLLUTION EFFECTS ON THE ENVIRONMENT, MACROPHYTES AND FISHES IN THE SAPUCAIA STREAM, GUAiBA HYDROGRAPHIC BASIN, RS, BRAZIL

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 27-43
Author(s):  
Tania R. Prochnow ◽  
Bernardo Liberman ◽  
Nadia T. S. Pfeifer ◽  
Marilene G. Porawski ◽  
Norma Marroni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Accumulation ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Pollution Effects ◽  
Hydrographic Basin ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
Water And Sediment Quality

This paper shows the results of air, water and sediment quality of Sapucaia stream, which belongs to Guafba Hydrographic Basin, in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil. The correlations among the concentrations of Al, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn, present in the atmosphere, water and sediments, and their bioaccumulation in macrophytes are determined. Different degrees of pollution is characterized through the study of oxidative damage in fishes. The results indicate metal accumulation in macrophytes and fishes.

scholarly journals The Analysis of Water Availability as an Important Factor for Farmers' Permanence in the Field: A Study in Southern Brazilian Countryside

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 296-306
Author(s):  
José Luis Perlin ◽  
Dieison Prestes da Silveira ◽  
Jana Koefender ◽  
Roberta Cattaneo Horn ◽  
Juliane Nicolodi Camera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Fundamental Factor ◽  
Family Farmers

Water availability in rural areas is essential to production activities and quality of life. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the key role played by water resources in rural properties as a factor for farmers' permanence in the field in Southern Brazil. The research followed a qualitative and quantitative approach, which encompassed the application of semi-structured questionnaires to family farmers living in Marmeleiro and Fontana Freda communities, in the rural area of Jaguari County, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Based on collected data, participants have shown knowledge about aspects such as water quality and availability, as well as about the preservation of this resource. Nevertheless, it was clear that water availability is a fundamental factor for farmers to remain in the field.

scholarly journals Controle da Qualidade da Água do Arroio Portão Portão, RS

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERTO NAIME ◽  
ROSÂNGELA SCHUCH FAGUNDES
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Actual Situation ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Hydrographic Basin

This work presents the environment attendance of Portão River, a river of the hydrographic basin of Rio dos Sinos, Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. The improvement of environmental conditions demands a diagnostic of the actual situation. By this way, it is possible to propose mitigation, compensation and promotion of better quality of life for the populations. Chemical parameters of water were observed during three months, in order to evaluate the environmental conditions, and to promote environmental improvement for this region, in the context of physical, biological and economic conditions.

scholarly journals Agricultural Spray Inspection According to ISO 16122

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Alfran Tellechea Martini ◽  
José Fernando Schlosser ◽  
Emilio Gil ◽  
Marcelo Silveira de Farias ◽  
Gilvan Moisés Bertollo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Region ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Exploratory Analysis ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
The West ◽  
Transverse Distribution ◽  
Application Volume

The development of the primary sector by expansion of cultivation areas and the raise of productive indexes promotes a larger use of agrotoxics, causing problems related to the inefficiency of applications, which becomes an issue to be studied, especially regarding the quality of sprayers and the precision of spraying. The goal of the present paper is to determine the condition and conservation of agricultural sprayers used in the West border and the Central region of Rio Grande do Sul state (RS), in southern Brazil, as well as identifying the most recurring problems, and assessing the applicability of ISO 16122 in the country’s reality. The execution of this work originated the Projeto de Inspeção de Pulverizadores Agrícolas (PIPA) [Agricultural Sprayer Inspection Project], which was undertaken in two regions of RS, inspecting 56 sprayers. The inspections were carried out by using the technical kit for agricultural sprayer inspection, according to requirements in the methodology described in ISO 16122 (2015). After evaluations were conducted, the data collected were submitted to exploratory analysis by descriptive statistics with the use of percentage frequency. Based on the results obtained, it was possible to conclude that there is need for agricultural sprayer inspection to become mandatory in Brazil. Considering the most frequent application problems, it was possible to verify that, in 64.29% of the evaluations, the precision of the manometer was considered as seriously flawed; in 73.21%, the transverse distribution of the spray wand was also seriously flawed, which is related principally to errors in the space among spray nozzles, and to their wear, affecting 76.79% of the cases in terms of application volume. Besides these, it was also observed that, in 69.64% of the inspected sprayers, the PTO rotation was below recommendation. In relation to the applicability of ISO 16122, it was concluded that there is need for it to be updated, developing specific methodologies for the inspection of self-propelled sprayers. In this sense, in case it be transcribed as ABNT NBR ISO 16122, the latter must specify new parameters so it be unanimously and appropriately used in accordance to Brazilian reality.

A 12-year study of fungal infections in Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa da Silva Fay ◽  
Tatiana Schäffer Gregianini ◽  
Ana Beatriz Gorini da Veiga ◽  
Stela Maris Bottin Gonçalves ◽  
Diana Mara Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul

Molecular Detection of Trypanosoma kaiowa in Tabanus triangulum (Diptera: Tabanidae) from the Coastal Plain of Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gratchela D. Rodrigues ◽  
Eduardo Blodorn ◽  
Ândrio Zafalon-Silva ◽  
William Domingues ◽  
Roberta Marques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul

scholarly journals Habitat use patterns of franciscana dolphins (Pontoporia blainvillei) off southern Brazil in relation to water depth

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 943-949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Danilewicz ◽  
Eduardo R. Secchi ◽  
Paulo H. Ott ◽  
Ignacio B. Moreno ◽  
Manuela Bassoi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Management Procedures ◽  
By Catch ◽  
Pontoporia Blainvillei

The patterns of habitat use by the franciscana dolphins (Pontoporia blainvillei) along its distribution are poorly known. This study investigates the patterns of habitat use with respect to depth for 181 individuals of different age, size, gender and reproductive condition off Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. The results reveal that franciscanas are very homogeneously distributed according to depth. Individuals from all lengths utilize nearly the entire range of depths of the surveyed area. Larger or older animals do not use deeper waters than younger animals, indicating that body size and age are not limiting factors for franciscanas that occupy deeper or offshore waters. Gestation seems to not cause a change in the distribution of females. Although the sex-ratio of the overall data did not vary from 1:1 in different depth intervals, a small-scale comparison between the northern and southern coast demonstrated the existence of some kind of sexual segregation. Franciscana by-catch in Rio Grande do Sul is not sustainable and it is agreed that management procedures are needed. Nevertheless, the available data on species distribution do not allow the designing of a protected area in order to minimize the by-catches of a particular sex/reproductive class.

scholarly journals Herpetofauna from an urban Pampa fragment in southern Brazil: composition, structure and conservation

Check List ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1964
Author(s):  
Omar Machado Entiauspe-Neto ◽  
Tângela Denise Perleberg ◽  
Marco Antonio de Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Faunal Composition ◽  
Diversity Patterns ◽  
Reptile Species ◽  
History Of ◽  
Composition Structure

Faunistic inventories regarding natural history of amphibians and reptiles are considered scarce and very little is known about their assemblages in urban areas; the Pampas morphoclimatic domain, also known as Uruguayan Savannah or Southern Grasslands, is also poorly known regarding their faunal composition.  Herein, we present a checklist of 16 amphibian and 20 reptile species recorded over a course of four years in the Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciências e Tecnologia, Câmpus Pelotas-Visconde da Graça, in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. We also present data on natural history and discuss conservation efforts to be undertaken in the area, in one of the least preserved and known Brazilian morphoclimatic domains, providing insights into urban herpetofaunal diversity patterns and showing the importance of modified areas in its conservation.

scholarly journals Toxomerus duplicatus Wiedemann, 1830 (Diptera: Syrphidae) preying on Microtheca spp. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) larvae

2014 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 656-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
VS Sturza ◽  
STB Dequech ◽  
M Toebe ◽  
TR Silveira ◽  
A Cargnelutti Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Integrate Pest Management ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
New Information ◽  
Raphanus Sativus L ◽  
Santa Maria

Microtheca spp. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) are insect pests primarily related to Brassicaceae crops. In the State of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), southern Brazil, they are found on forage turnip, Raphanus sativus L. var. oleiferus Metzg., which is commonly grown during fall/winter seasons. This work reports the predation of Microtheca spp. larvae by Toxomerus duplicatus Wiedemann, 1830 (Diptera: Syrphidae) larvae, on forage turnip crop, in Santa Maria, RS. This register provides new information about Microtheca spp. natural enemies in Brazil, which might be a new option for integrate pest management of these species.

scholarly journals Gastrointestinal parasites and prey items from a mass stranding of false killer whales, Pseudorca crassidens, in Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil

2001 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. V. ANDRADE ◽  
M. C. PINEDO ◽  
A. S. BARRETO
Keyword(s):  
Rio Grande ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Ommastrephes Bartramii ◽  
Killer Whales ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Pseudorca Crassidens ◽  
Mass Stranding ◽  
Prey Items

The gastrointestinal tract of 14 false killer whales, 6 males and 8 females, stranded in June 1995 in southern Brazil, with total standard lengths from 338 to 507 cm, were analysed for endoparasites and food items. A pregnant female had a male foetus of 77.5 cm. Parasites were found in all 14 false killer whales. The nematode Anisakis simplex (Rudolphi, 1809) was found in the stomach of 57% of the animals and the acanthocephalan Bolbosoma capitatum (Linstow, 1889) Porta, 1908 was present in the intestine of all specimens and showed densities up to 600 m-1. An unidentified cestode (Tethrabothridae) was found also in the intestines of 14% of the individuals. The high infections of B. capitatum and A. simplex were not directly related with the cause of death. In the stomachs of four females, beaks of at least eight specimens of the oceanic and epipelagic species Ommastrephes bartramii (Lesueur, 1821) were found, with mantle lengths ranging from 189.8 to 360.9 mm. The distribution of O. bartramii in the coast of Rio Grande do Sul is consistent with false killer whales feeding in continental shelf waters.

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