scholarly journals PRIORITY AREAS FOR FOREST CONSERVATION IN AN URBAN LANDSCAPE AT THE TRANSITION BETWEEN ATLANTIC FOREST AND CERRADO

CERNE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaline de Mello ◽  
Rogério Hartung Toppa ◽  
Eliana Cardoso-Leite
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Landscape Metrics ◽  
Forest Conservation ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Natural Ecosystem ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Private Lands ◽  
Forest Patches ◽  
Priority Areas

ABSTRACT Urbanization and agriculture growth are some of the major causes of natural ecosystems depletion and biodiversity loss. Conservation efforts can be developed through the prioritization of areas for forest conservation in order to minimize this process. Here, we establish conservation strategies based on a spatial analysis of forest fragments in an urban landscape at the transition between two important Brazilian biodiversity hotspots: Atlantic Forest and Cerrado. A high-resolution mapping of forest patches was used to quantify forest cover and to provide spatial analysis. We developed a Forest Conservation Priority Index (FCPI) derived from landscape metrics to select priority areas for forest conservation efforts. We used area, shape and proximity metrics as landscape structure indicators. Landscape metrics were classified and we attributed a rank and weights for them to calculate the FCPI. Forest covers 17% of the study area. 60% of the forest patches comprise less than one hectare, 95% less than 10 ha and only 1% more than 50 ha. The largest fragments (> 100ha) are all long and narrow. Also, fewer than half the patches are connected to others. Regions classified as high and very high priority for forest conservation are localized at greater slopes, along rivers and on private lands. Our index allowed the prioritization of forest fragments in an urban landscape, directing efforts of conservation. Creating protected areas and restoration plans are necessary for the better situation of the natural ecosystem. Land-use planning must resolve human demands and conservation of this important ecosystem.

scholarly journals How urban forest can support Protected Areas connectivity?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Pannunzio Ribeiro ◽  
Kaline de Mello ◽  
Roberta Averna Valente
Keyword(s):  
Graph Theory ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Natural Ecosystem ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Private Lands ◽  
Focal Species

Abstract The highly modified urban matrix becomes an inhospitable environment for many species because the natural vegetation fragments are highly fragmented and often isolated in the landscape. Protected Areas (PAs) located closer or within urban areas may not achieve their goal of protecting local or regional biodiversity. Thus, the proposition of ecological corridors aims to connect the PAs, providing the dispersion of species in anthropogenic landscapes. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the PAs connectivity in an urban landscape and understand if urban forest fragments can support their connectivity, generating important information for biodiversity conservation and urban planning. For this, we used models based on Graph Theory to assess the functional connectivity among PAs. The focal species used were Atlantic Forest birds. We used the participatory technique to assess their dispersal capabilities, and this information was used to create a resistance surface map. The focal species movement in the landscape was modeled through Graph Theory. This model evaluated the functional connectivity and extracted the least-cost paths between PAs and other forest fragments that designed the urban ecological network. We identified that few PAs are connected in the urban landscape of Sorocaba city and its surroundings and 28 forest fragments that are important to support the connectivity among PAs. Among these, only four fragments are located within a PA. The other 24 forest fragments located outside PAs should be the center of attention for forest conservation and restoration actions, as they can improve the connectivity between the PAs. Our results show that PAs connectivity in urban landscapes depends on incentives for native vegetation conservation on private lands once most of the important forest fragments for the PAs connectivity are located in these areas. In addition, the restoration of riparian zones is important because they compose a great ecological corridor in the urban landscape. Strategies that increase the permeability of the matrix (e.g., increasing green spaces and gardens) and restoring target fragments are also important. Finally, land-use planning, focusing on natural ecosystem conservation and combating urban sprawl, is necessary to promote PAs connectivity in urban landscapes.

scholarly journals Spatial Analysis of Forest Fragmentation in the Atlantic Forest Bioma Areas

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 294
Author(s):  
Juliana Marchesan ◽  
Rudiney Soares Pereira ◽  
Elisiane Alba ◽  
Letícia Daiane Pedrali
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Forest Fragmentation ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Matrix Effects ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
R Language

The goal of this work was to calculate landscape ecology metrics using the R language, allowing the analysis of forest fragments under the Atlantic Forest domain located in the sub-basin of Arroio Jaquirana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. For the mapping of the forest fragments, we used images from the REIS/RapidEye sensor dated 2016, and the classification was supervised through the Bhattacharya algorithm. The fragments were analyzed in seven size classes, to separate them and to calculate the landscape metrics it was used R language. The results attained demonstrated that the native forest occupied 34.01% of the study area, covering a total of 1,995 fragments, of which 93.43% were less than 5 ha. The highest values of edge and perimeter-area ratio were found in the small fragments indicating a greater edge effect, with the central areas of these remnants being exposed to the external matrix effects. Thus, it is concluded that the Atlantic Forest is highly fragmented and is extremely important to establish measures to minimize the effects and/or increase the connectivity between the fragments through ecological corridors using the smaller fragments, in addition, it makes necessary the development of public policies and research for the management of the region in order to preserve the remnants.

scholarly journals Ecological consequences of hunting in Atlantic forest patches, São Paulo, Brazil

Oryx ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Cullen ◽  
E. R. Bodmer ◽  
C. Valladares-Padua
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Relative Energy ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Ecological Consequences ◽  
Forest Patches ◽  
Line Transects ◽  
Primate Biomass

AbstractThis paper evaluates the ecological consequences of hunting by comparing mammalian densities, biomass, relative energy consumption and community structure between sites with different levels of hunting pressure. Hunting is carried out mainly by colonists who farm on the edge of Atlantic forest fragments in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. Mammals were studied over a period of 18 months, along 2287 km of line transects. Transects were distributed among two protected sites, one slightly hunted site and two heavily hunted sites. Tapirs, the two peccary species, brocket deer, armadillos and agoutis are preferred by hunters in the region. Primates are not hunted in the region. Hunting has affected community structure, with ungulates dominating mammalian biomass at protected sites and primates dominating at hunted sites. This has caused an ecological inversion in the hunted areas of the Atlantic forests. In Amazonian regions of the Neotropics hunting is more evenly distributed among primates, large rodents, and ungulates and has resulted in an opposite inversion, with hunted sites having lower primate biomass. Atlantic forests are very susceptible to the possible ecological imbalances induced by hunting by humans, and this must be considered for management and conservation programmes.

scholarly journals Análise multicriterial na definição de áreas prioritárias à conservação florestal em São Félix do Xingu – PA

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Juliane Da Costa Cavalcante ◽  
Jailson Soares De Souza Filho ◽  
Raphael De Souza Vale ◽  
Denise Cristina Torres Costa
Keyword(s):  
Forest Conservation ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Multicriteria Analysis ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Natural Landscape ◽  
Priority Areas ◽  
Comparative Results ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Conservation Method ◽  
Process Method

O município de São Félix do Xingu faz parte do modelo de desenvolvimento da região amazônica baseado em grandes desmatamentos causados por atividades como pecuária e agricultura, além de ameaças que acabam incentivando esse processo, como os assentamentos e rodovias. Essas modificações de extensas áreas de florestas acabam por fragmentar a paisagem natural interferindo na manutenção da biodiversidade. Desse modo, como forma de auxiliar os gestores na implantação de ações de conservação, objetivou-se através deste estudo identificar  áreas prioritárias para conservação florestal em uma região do município de São Félix do Xingu – PA. O estudo compreendeu uma análise multicriterial, em que se utilizou o Método de Processo Analítico Hierárquico (AHP); e como forma de auxiliar na definição dos critérios, foram utilizados os princípios de representatividade, vulnerabilidade e eficiência, do método de Planejamento Sistemático da Conservação (PSC). Os resultados obtidos mostram que os critérios que tiveram maior influência na priorização de áreas foram os fragmentos florestais com maior quantidade de Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APPs), tamanho dos fragmentos, fragmentos florestais com maior quantidade de Áreas de Reserva Legal (ARLs), assentamentos/estradas, conectividade e unidades fitogeomorfológicas, respectivamente. O mapa final de prioridades mostrou que as áreas maiores se encontraram mais conectadas com outras áreas e obtiveram uma maior prioridade por englobarem uma maior variedade de unidades fitogeomorfológicas, APPs e um maior número de propriedades com ARL remanescente. Áreas com uma menor quantidade de estradas e não englobadas por assentamentos foram igualmente mais prioritárias.  Multicriteria analysis in the definition of priority areas for forest conservation in São Félix do Xingu – PAA B S T R A C TThe municipality of São Félix do Xingu is part of the development program of the Amazon region, with emphasis on large deforestation caused by activities such as cattle ranching and agriculture, as well as other threats such as settlements and highways. These modifications of extensive areas of forests turn out to be a natural landscape interfering in the maintenance of the biodiversity. In this way, it was objectified through a series of reflections on the priority areas for the forest storage in a region of the municipality of São Félix do Xingu - PA. The study comprised a multicriterial analysis, in which it used the Hierarchical Analytical Process Method (AHP); and, as a way of helping to define the criteria, the principles of the Systematic Conservation Method (SCM) were used. The comparative results were those that showed the greatest influence in the prioritization of plots with a greater number of Permanent Preservation Areas (PPAs), size of fragments, forest fragments with more Legal Reserve Areas (LRAs), settlements / roads, connectivity and phytogeomorphological units, respectively.Key-words: Conservation, Systematic conservation planning, Priority areas.

scholarly journals Habitat fragmentation and primate conservation in the Atlantic Forest of eastern Minas Gerais, Brazil

Oryx ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 192-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen F. Ferrari ◽  
Vânia H. Diego
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Howler Monkey ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Private Land ◽  
Forest Patches ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
Forest Remnants ◽  
Privately Owned

Reduced to a tiny fraction of its original area, much of the Atlantic Forest habitat remaining in eastern Brazil is distributed in small, isolated patches on private land. The potential role of these fragments in the conservation of the region's primate fauna is poorly understood. As part of a study of buffy-headed marmosets Callithrix flavicepsin Minas Gerais, forest remnants were visited in order to evaluate this potential. Marmosets were observed in one-third of the sites and may exist in up to 60 per cent of forest patches in the region. A second threatened primate, the brown howler monkeyAlouatta fusca,may occur in one-quarter of the sites visited. The muriquiBrachyteles arachnoideswas not encountered. Overall, the survey suggests that, with appropriate management, privately owned forest fragments may play an increasingly important role in the conservation of the Atlantic Forest's fauna in this and other regions.

scholarly journals Blood parasites in Brazilian Atlantic Forest birds: effects of fragment size and habitat dependency

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 432-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
FABIANE SEBAIO ◽  
ÉRIKA MARTINS BRAGA ◽  
FELIPE BRANQUINHO ◽  
LILIAN TONELLI MANICA ◽  
MIGUEL ÂNGELO MARINI
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Fragment Size ◽  
Blood Parasites ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Brazilian Atlantic Forest ◽  
Forest Patches ◽  
Parasite Richness ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Avian Blood ◽  
Avian Blood Parasites

SummaryDeforestation, fragmentation and habitat disturbance may alter the relationship between pathogens and hosts. We tested, apparently for the first time, whether habitat fragmentation and degree of dependence on forests affect the prevalence of avian blood parasites. We estimated the prevalence of Plasmodium, Haemoproteus and Trypanosoma through the inspection of 925 blood smears from 109 species captured in six pairs of small (< 30 ha) and large (> 1,000 ha) Brazilian Atlantic Forest fragments. Prevalence of the three types of parasites did not differ between small and large forest patches. Forest-independent birds were usually more infected with Plasmodium and Haemoproteus than other birds, but forest-dependent birds were more infected with Trypanosoma. Parasite richness on birds was not affected by patch size.

scholarly journals MAPPING PRIORITY AREAS FOR FOREST RECOVERY USING MULTICRITERIA ANALYSIS IN THE BRAZILIAN ATLANTIC FOREST

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Franciane Carla De Almeida ◽  
Eduarda Martiniano De Oliveira Silveira ◽  
Lara Lopes De Paiva ◽  
Fausto Weimar Acerbi Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Environmental Planning ◽  
Multicriteria Analysis ◽  
Forest Recovery ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Drainage Network ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Priority Areas

The collapse of a mining dam with 62 million cubic meters of mud in the Rio Doce basin resulted in the destruction of whole communities and large areas of Atlantic Forest. As forest restoration activities are among the most costly conservation strategies, prioritization of restoration efforts is crucial. In the present article, we mapped priority areas for forest recovery in a portion of the Rio Doce Basin (DO1) using a GIS-based (geographic information system) multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) employing the weighted linear combination (WLC) method. Five factors with different weights were taken into consideration according to their level of importance: distance from the drainage network, distance from the native vegetation patches, slope, soil class and precipitation. A map of priority areas was produced where 1.73% of the area was classified as very high priority for forest recovery, while 5.18% of the area was classified as high priority, 57.88% as medium priority, 1.34% as low priority and 0.00% as very low priority. The highest weights were both for the distance from the drainage network and the distance from native vegetation, revealing that areas of permanent preservation and those closer to forest fragments are priority areas for forest recovery. MCDA is a flexible and easy-to-implement method generating maps with suitable solutions for forest recovery. The approach taken can be replicated in regions that require support for decision making in environmental planning, such as the Pantanal biome, which is under considerable pressure from deforestation for the expansion of pastures.

scholarly journals Species richness and relative abundance of birds in natural and anthropogenic fragments of Brazilian Atlantic forest

2004 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 429-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz dos Anjos
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Fragmented Landscape ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
Forest Patches ◽  
Forest Remnants

Bird communities were studied in two types of fragmented habitat of Atlantic forest in the State of Paraná, southern Brazil; one consisted of forest fragments that were created as a result of human activities (forest remnants), the other consisted of a set of naturally occurring forest fragments (forest patches). Using quantitative data obtained by the point counts method in 3 forest patches and 3 forest remnants during one year, species richness and relative abundance were compared in those habitats, considering species groups according to their general feeding habits. Insectivores, omnivores, and frugivores presented similar general tendencies in both habitats (decrease of species number with decreasing size and increasing isolation of forest fragment). However, these tendencies were different, when considering the relative abundance data: the trunk insectivores presented the highest value in the smallest patch while the lowest relative abundance was in the smallest remnant. In the naturally fragmented landscape, time permitted that the loss of some species of trunk insectivores be compensated for the increase in abundance of other species. In contrast, the remnants essentially represented newly formed islands that are not yet at equilibrium and where future species losses would make them similar to the patches.

scholarly journals SPATIAL DYNAMICS OF ATLANTIC FOREST FRAGMENTS IN A RIVER BASIN

FLORESTA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 1053
Author(s):  
Elfany Reis do Nascimento Lopes ◽  
Jocy Ana Paixão De Sousa ◽  
José Carlos De Souza ◽  
José Luiz Albuquerque Filho ◽  
Roberto Wagner Lourenço
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Landscape Metrics ◽  
Carbon Flux ◽  
Satellite Image ◽  
Vegetation Indices ◽  
Spatial Dynamics ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
Spectral Vegetation Indices

Considering the intrinsic relationship between vegetation and conservation of water resources, we evaluated the natural vegetation of an Atlantic Forest fragment through landscape metrics and spectral vegetation indices, indicating ways for its conservation in the Una river basin, Ibiúna, São Paulo, Brazil. We analyzed landscape metrics and the extraction of mean altitude, slope, and distance from the drainage network for each fragment based on the vectors of forest fragments in the river basin, using ArcGis 10.3. Normalized difference vegetation indices, photochemical production, and carbon flux were estimated by combining red, green, blue, and infrared spectral bands near the RapidEye satellite image. The results showed 197 fragments with sizes ranging from 1 to 306 hectares and irregularly shaped. The largest fragments are few in number, but account for 52% of the river basin's vegetation cover area. The vegetation presented high levels of biomass but moderate photosynthetic production, coinciding for a moderate carbon flux. The best scores were related to fragments at higher altitudes, in sloping areas next to drainage sites. Actions to conserve the fragments of larger areas and draw up environmental awareness measures should be encouraged, since high agricultural vocation may incite the reduction of these areas to increase economic production. 

Exposure of small mammals to ticks and rickettsiae in Atlantic Forest patches in the metropolitan area of Recife, North-eastern Brazil

Parasitology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 139 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
FILIPE DANTAS-TORRES ◽  
FILIPE MARTINS ALÉSSIO ◽  
DANIEL BARRETO SIQUEIRA ◽  
JEAN-FRANÇOIS MAUFFREY ◽  
MARIA FERNANDA V. MARVULO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Forest Patches ◽  
Tick Density ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Forest Strata

SUMMARYBetween December 2007 and March 2009, small mammals were captured in 6 Atlantic Forest patches in Brazil. We assessed tick-host associations and whether they differ among forest strata, sites, seasons, and host age classes or between sexes. Moreover, we assessed the exposure of animals to Rickettsia spp. In total, 432 animals were captured and 808 ticks were found on 32·9% of them. Significant differences were found among host species, collection sites, and forest strata; microhabitat preference was a strong risk factor for tick infestation. The highest tick density rates were recorded in forest fragments settled in rural areas; 91·3% of the ticks were collected from animals trapped in these forest fragments. A high prevalence (68·8%) of antibodies to Rickettsia spp. was detected among animals. This study suggests that disturbed Atlantic Forest fragments provide an environment for ticks and small mammals, which are highly exposed to rickettsiae. It also indicates that forest patches settled in rural areas are usually associated with higher small mammal diversity as well as with higher tick density rates.

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