scholarly journals Long-term phosphate fertilization, mycorrhizal inoculation and historical land use influence on soybean growth and P uptake

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 418-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Emílio Ferreira da Motta ◽  
José Oswaldo Siqueira ◽  
Bruno Teixeira Ribeiro ◽  
Lloyd Darrell Norton ◽  
Sérgio Henrique Godinho Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Phosphate Fertilization ◽  
Mycorrhizal Inoculation ◽  
Historical Land Use ◽  
Chemical Attributes

ABSTRACT Phosphorus is a key-nutrient in the fertility management of highly weathered tropical soils. So, this work was carried out with the objective of evaluating the influence of the interaction between P doses, mycorrhizal inoculation and historical land use on soybean growth and P uptake in five Latosols (Oxisols) with contrasting chemical, physical and mineralogical properties under a continuous long-term phosphate fertilization (more than 15 years). The plants were cultivated in 4.5L-plastic pots containing 4 kg of soil in a completely randomized design, four replications and 2x2x2 factorial scheme with two P doses; and with or without mycorrhizal inoculation; and soils cultivated for long periods and non-cultivated (under native vegetation). There were two cultivations of ten weeks each. Shoot dry mass, P content and accumulation in the shoot dry mass were evaluated after each cultivation period. The cultivation history reduced the response to P application and inoculation. The soybean response to inoculation was greater in cultivated soils and when the lower P dose was applied. The soybean response magnitude to these variables was different among the studied Latosols. The mineralogical and chemical attributes of the Latosols were determinants.

scholarly journals Urochloa decumbens growth and P uptake as affected by long-term phosphate fertilization, mycorrhizal inoculation and historical land use in contrasting Oxisols of the Brazilian Cerrado

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Emílio Ferreira da Motta ◽  
José Oswaldo Siqueira ◽  
Bruno Teixeira Ribeiro ◽  
Sérgio Henrique Godinho Silva ◽  
Giovana Clarice Poggere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Urochloa Decumbens ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mycorrhizal Inoculation ◽  
Historical Land Use ◽  
P Addition

ABSTRACT In the fertility management of highly weathered-leached Brazilian Oxisols, P is the most limiting macronutrient. A greenhouse experiment was conducted with the objective to evaluate the influence of the interaction between P doses, mycorrhizal inoculation and historical land use on Urochloa decumbens growth and P uptake in four Oxisols with contrasting chemical, physical and mineralogical properties. The plants were cultivated in plastic pots containing 4 kg of soil in a completely randomized design, four replications and 2x2x2 factorial scheme: with two P doses; with and without mycorrhizal inoculation; soils cultivated for long periods and non-cultivated (under native vegetation). There were two plantings of ten weeks each. Shoot dry mater, concentration and accumulation of P in the shoot were evaluated. In the first planting, the Urochloa response was greater in non-cultivated soils associated with inoculation and P addition. However, in the second planting, the inoculation had a greater effect in all soils compared to the first planting associated with the lowest P dose. As the P concentration in the soil increased, P in the shoot dry matter increases. The inoculation did not affect the P concentration and accumulation in the shoot of Urochloa. The growth of Urochloa decumbens was strongly influenced by the interaction among soil class x history of land use x dose of P x inoculation.

scholarly journals A Century of Forest Regrowth and Snow Loss Alters the Cooling Effect of Historical Land Use in the Upper Midwest

Ecosystems ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 1056-1074
Author(s):  
Bethany J. Blakely ◽  
Adrian V. Rocha ◽  
Jason S. McLachalan
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Snow Cover ◽  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Cooling Effect ◽  
Forest Regrowth ◽  
Historical Land Use ◽  
Over Time

AbstractAnthropogenic land use affects climate by altering the energy balance of the Earth’s surface. In temperate regions, cooling from increased albedo is a common result of historical land-use change. However, this albedo cooling effect is dependent mainly on the exposure of snow cover following forest canopy removal and may change over time due to simultaneous changes in both land cover and snow cover. In this paper, we combine modern remote sensing data and historical records, incorporating over 100 years of realized land use and climatic change into an empirical assessment of centennial-scale surface forcings in the Upper Midwestern USA. We show that, although increases in surface albedo cooled through strong negative shortwave forcings, those forcings were reduced over time by a combination of forest regrowth and snow-cover loss. Deforestation cooled strongly (− 5.3 Wm−2) and mainly in winter, while composition shift cooled less strongly (− 3.03 Wm−2) and mainly in summer. Combined, changes in albedo due to deforestation, shifts in species composition, and the return of historical forest cover resulted in − 2.81 Wm−2 of regional radiative cooling, 55% less than full deforestation. Forcings due to changing vegetation were further reduced by 0.32 Wm−2 of warming from a shortened snow-covered season and a thinning of seasonal snowpack. Our findings suggest that accounting for long-term changes in land cover and snow cover reduces the estimated cooling impact of deforestation, with implications for long-term land-use planning.

scholarly journals Uncertainty in Historical Land-Use Reconstructions with Topographic Maps

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 55-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominik Kaim ◽  
Jacek Kozak ◽  
Krzysztof Ostafin ◽  
Monika Dobosz ◽  
Katarzyna Ostapowicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Reliability Assessment ◽  
Swiss Alps ◽  
Topographic Maps ◽  
Forest Cover Change ◽  
Change Analysis ◽  
Polish Carpathians ◽  
Historical Land Use

Abstract The paper presents the outcomes of the uncertainty investigation of a long-term forest cover change analysis in the Polish Carpathians (nearly 20,000 km2) and Swiss Alps (nearly 10,000 km2) based on topographic maps. Following Leyk et al. (2005) all possible uncertainties are grouped into three domains - production-oriented, transformation- oriented and application-oriented. We show typical examples for each uncertainty domain, encountered during the forest cover change analysis and discuss consequences for change detection. Finally, a proposal for reliability assessment is presented.

scholarly journals Historical land use has long-term effects on microbial community assembly processes in forest soils

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest D. Osburn ◽  
Frank O. Aylward ◽  
J. E. Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Community Assembly ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Historical Land Use ◽  
Microbial Community Assembly

AbstractLand use change has long-term effects on the structure of soil microbial communities, but the specific community assembly processes underlying these effects have not been identified. To investigate effects of historical land use on microbial community assembly, we sampled soils from several currently forested watersheds representing different historical land management regimes (e.g., undisturbed reference, logged, converted to agriculture). We characterized bacterial and fungal communities using amplicon sequencing and used a null model approach to quantify the relative importance of selection, dispersal, and drift processes on bacterial and fungal community assembly. We found that bacterial communities were structured by both selection and neutral (i.e., dispersal and drift) processes, while fungal communities were structured primarily by neutral processes. For both bacterial and fungal communities, selection was more important in historically disturbed soils compared with adjacent undisturbed sites, while dispersal processes were more important in undisturbed soils. Variation partitioning identified the drivers of selection to be changes in vegetation communities and soil properties (i.e., soil N availability) that occur following forest disturbance. Overall, this study casts new light on the effects of historical land use on soil microbial communities by identifying specific environmental factors that drive changes in community assembly.

Historical Land-Use Influences the Long-Term Stream Turbidity Response to a Wildfire

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 393-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan T. Harrison ◽  
Fiona Dyer ◽  
Daniel W. Wright ◽  
Chris Levings
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Historical Land Use

scholarly journals Short-Term Changes in Fertility Attributes and Soil Organic Matter Caused by the Addition of EM Bokashis in Two Tropical Soils

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Carlos Eduardo Pacheco Lima ◽  
Mariana Rodrigues Fontenelle ◽  
Luciana Rodrigues Borba Silva ◽  
Daiane Costa Soares ◽  
Antônio Williams Moita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Chemical Attributes

The present work aimed to evaluate the behavior of ten fertility attributes of soil organic matter physical fractions and total organic carbon upon addition of three EM Bokashis to a Rhodic Ferralsol (FRr) and a Dystric Cambisol (CMd). An experiment was carried out in greenhouse in which the soils were placed into plastic trays and cultivated with tomato. A completely randomized design was used with four repetitions and factorial scheme of 2 × 3 + 2, consisting of two soils (FRr and CMd), three EM Bokashis (Poultry Manure Bokashi (BPM); CNPH Bokashi (BC); and Cattle Manure Bokashi (BCM)), and two controls (both soils without addition of Bokashi). The following fertility attributes were evaluated: pH, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+, P, SB, H + Al, CEC, andV. Particulate organic carbon (POC) and mineral-associated organic carbon (MOC) and total organic carbon (TOC) were also investigated. Finally, the Principal Component Analysis was conducted in order to identify possible patterns related to soils when fertilized with EM Bokashi. The addition of EM Bokashi increased the soil fertility and contents of POC. Different EM Bokashi presents distinguished effects on each soil. The PCA suggests that BPM presents higher capacity to modify the analyzed chemical attributes.

scholarly journals Reactive Natural Phosphate in Safflower Fertilization in Cerrado Oxisol

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Edna Maria Bonfim-Silva ◽  
Luana Glaup Araújo Dourado ◽  
Denise César Soares ◽  
Túlio Martinez Santos ◽  
Tonny José Araújo da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Nutrient Sources ◽  
Natural Phosphate ◽  
Final Population ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves

Fertilizer management has a direct influence on crop productivity, especially phosphorus, which is most limiting to the development of crops in tropical soils due to the genesis of these soils. In this sense, it is necessary to use nutrient sources that are agronomically efficient at reduced costs compared to conventional sources. Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of reactive natural phosphate as a source of phosphorus on the development, growth, and yield of safflower in Cerrado Oxisol. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse at the Federal University of Mato Grosso, Campus of Rondonópolis. The completely randomized design consisted of the following treatments: 0, 100, 200, 400 and 600 mg dm-3 of reactive natural phosphate (Bayóvar reactive phosphate), with 6 replicates, consisting by pots with 2 dm3 of capacity. To the Oxisol used to fill the plots was incorporated dolomitic limestone to increase base saturation to60%. Safflower cultivar used was IMA 0213 with a final population of three plants per plot. Plant height, number of leaves and chlorophyll index were evaluated at 15, 30, 45 and 55 days after emergence. In the last evaluation plants were cut and the number and diameter of the chapters, shoot and chapters dry mass, volume and root dry mass were also evaluated. The results were submitted to analysis of variance and regression up to 10% probability. In general, safflower crop shows a positive response to application of reactive natural phosphate. Doses between 389 and 600 mg dm-3 promoted best results for development and safflower production in an Oxisol.

scholarly journals Saturação por bases e doses de fósforo na produção de mudas de ipê rosa (Handroanthus impetiginosa)

UNICIÊNCIAS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
Cristiane Ramos Vieira ◽  
Rayza Samara de Assis Carneiro
Keyword(s):  
Mass Production ◽  
Plant Nutrition ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Base Saturation ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Substrate Preparation ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Phosphate Fertilization ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

O ipê rosa (Handroanthus impetiginosa) é uma espécie arbórea nativa do Brasil usada na ornamentação e recomposição florestal. Para garantir que mudas de qualidade sejam utilizadas em qualquer finalidade, para a qual se emprega essa espécie, deve-se conhecer mais a respeito das suas exigências nutricionais. Diante disso, um experimento foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a saturação por bases e diferentes níveis de fósforo (P) na produção de mudas do ipê rosa. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com nove tratamentos e cinco repetições: T0 (100% substrato comercial); T1 (V50% de saturação por bases); T2 (V60% de saturação por bases); T3 (V50% de saturação por bases + 50 kg ha-1 de P2O5); T4 (V50% de saturação por bases + 100 kg ha-1 de P2O5); T5 (V50% de saturação por bases + 150 kg ha-1 de P2O5); T6 (V60% de saturação por bases + 50 kg ha-1 de P2O5); T7 (V60% de saturação por bases + 100 kg ha-1 de P2O5); T8 (V60% de saturação por bases + 150 kg ha-1 de P2O5). As características morfológicas foram avaliadas ao final de 90 dias. A saturação por bases e a adubação fosfatada não influenciaram no crescimento em altura e em diâmetro das mudas de H. impetiginosa, porém, influenciaram na produção de massa seca. Dessa forma, recomenda-se, para a produção de mudas de H. impetiginosa, a preparação do substrato sendo: solo com V60% de saturação por bases + 150 kg ha-1 de P2O5.   Palavras-chave: Ipê rosa, calagem, fosfatagem, nutrição de plantas, viveiro.   Abstract The pink ipe (Handroanthus impetiginosa) is a tree species native to Brazil that is used in forest ornamentation and restoration. To ensure that quality seedlings are used for any purpose, for which this species is used, it is necessary to know more about nutritional requirements. Therefore, an experiment was developed to evaluate base saturation and different phosphorus (P) levels in the pink ipe seedlings production. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with nine treatments and five replications: T0 (100% commercial substrate); T1  (V50% of base saturation); T2 (V60% of base saturation); T3 (V50% of base saturation + 50 kg ha-1 of P2O5) ; T4 (V50% of base saturation + 100 kg ha-1 of P2O5); T5 (V50% of base saturation + 150 kg ha-1 of P2O5); T6 (V60% of base saturation + 50 kg ha-1 of P2O5); T7 (V60% of base saturation + 100 kg ha-1 of P2O5); T8 (V60% of base saturation + 150 kg ha-1 P2O5). Morphological characteristics of the plants were evaluated after 90 days. Base saturation and phosphate fertilization did not influence H. impetiginosa seedling height and diameter growth but influenced dry mass production. Thus, for the H. impetiginosa seedlings production, substrate preparation: soil with V60% of base saturation + 150 kg ha-1 of P2O5 is recommended.   Keywords: Pink ipe, liming, phosphating, plant nutrition, nursery.

scholarly journals Impact of the Cartographer’s Position and Topographic Accessibility on the Accuracy of Historical Land Use Information: Case of the Second Military Survey Maps of the Habsburg Empire

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 820
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Ostafin ◽  
Małgorzata Pietrzak ◽  
Dominik Kaim
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Historical Maps ◽  
Content Quality ◽  
Sources Of Uncertainty ◽  
Second Military Survey ◽  
Historical Land Use

Historical maps are critical for long-term land use reconstructions; however, quantifying the uncertainty involved in comparing historical maps with recent data remains a considerable challenge. To date, many works have focused on the technical aspects of comparing historical and contemporary materials, but the potential sources of uncertainty inherent in historical data remain poorly understood. In this paper, we analyze the impacts of the topographic accessibility and cartographer’s field position on the content quality of historical Austrian second military survey maps by referring to independent census data. Our results show that the topographic accessibility and visibility from the cartographer’s surveying table points had very little impact on the map content quality and that the surveying table point locations were uniformly distributed throughout the area, regardless of the landscape conditions. These findings demonstrate that the second military survey maps can be seen as valuable and consistent historical data sources, making them especially useful for long-term land use research in Central Europe.

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