scholarly journals Corn stalk integrity is improved by fungicide combinations containing carboxamide

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 484-490
Author(s):  
Marina Freitas e Silva ◽  
Wender Santos Rezende ◽  
Domingos da Costa Ferreira Júnior ◽  
Thays Vieira Bueno ◽  
Flávia Bastos Agostinho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Breaking Strength ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Corn Stalk ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Vegetative Organs ◽  
Green Area ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Chemical Groups

ABSTRACT Conservation of vegetative organs, as leaves and stalks, is essential to achieve high maize production. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of leaf area maintenance due to fungicides spraying on stalk integrity, its chemical composition and grain yield. The experiment was conducted in Uberlândia - MG, during the second season of 2016. The experiment design was a randomized complete block with six replications and six treatments, representing combinations of fungicides belonging to carboxamide, strobilurin, triazole, and dithiocarbamate chemical groups, and the check treatment (without fungicides). The assessed traits were leaf green area, wet and dry stalk density, stalk breaking strength and height, stalk lignin and cellulose percentage, stalk dry matter, stalk lignin and cellulose content per hectare and grain yield. Treatments containing fungicides, especially the ones containing carboxamide, resulted in higher leaf green area and stalk density. Application of fungicides also increased stalk breaking strength and height; however, no effect was observed on stalk lignin and cellulose percentage. Grain yield, stalk dry matter production, and stalk lignin and cellulose contents per hectare were enhanced by fungicide application, with higher improvements in plants treated with carboxamide. Application of fungicides, mainly when combined with carboxamides, promotes higher maintenance of leaf green area, which leads to improved stalk integrity, higher grain yield, and higher straw production.

scholarly journals Residual effects of superficial liming on tropical soil under no-tillage system

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 1633-1642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Hideo Martins da Costa ◽  
Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol ◽  
Jayme Ferrari Neto ◽  
Gustavo Spadotti Amaral Castro
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Tillage System

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the long-term effects of the surface application of lime on soil fertility and on the mineral nutrition and grain yield of soybean, and of black oat and sorghum in crop succession. The experiment was carried out on a clayey Oxisol, in a randomized complete block design, with four replicates. Treatments consisted of lime the rates of 0, 1,000, 2,000, and 4,000 kg ha-1, applied in October 2002 and November 2004. Soil samples were collected at five soil layers, down to 0.60-m depth. Surface liming was effective in reducing soil acidity and increasing Ca2+ and Mg2+ contents in the subsurface. Moreover, it increased available phosphorus contents and soil organic matter in the long term (48 to 60 months after the last lime application). Surface liming improved plant nutrition, mainly for N, Ca, and Mg, and increased dry matter production and grain yield of the crops, even in years with regular distribution of rainfall. The greatest productivities of soybean, black oat, and sorghum were obtained with the respective estimated lime doses of 4,000, 2,333, and 3,281 kg ha-1, for shoot dry matter, and of 2,550, 3,555, and over 4,000 kg ha-1, for grain yield.

scholarly journals N-fertilizer postponing application improves dry matter translocation and increases system productivity of wheat/maize intercropping

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Xu ◽  
Qiang Chai ◽  
Falong Hu ◽  
Zhilong Fan ◽  
Wen Yin
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
System Productivity ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Jointing Stage

AbstractIntercropping increases the grain yield to feed the ever-growing population in the world by cultivating two crop species on the same area of land. It has been proven that N-fertilizer postponed topdressing can boost the productivity of cereal/legume intercropping. However, whether the application of this technology to cereal/cereal intercropping can still increase grain yield is unclear. A field experiment was conducted from 2018 to 2020 in the arid region of northwestern China to investigate the accumulation and distribution of dry matter and yield performance of wheat/maize intercropping in response to N-fertilizer postponed topdressing application. There were three N application treatments (referred as N1, N2, N3) for maize and the total amount were all 360 kg N ha−1. N fertilizer were applied at four time, i.e. prior to sowing, at jointing stage, at pre-tasseling stage, and at 15 days post-silking stage, respectively. The N3 treatment was traditionally used for maize production and allocations subjected to these four stages were 2:3:4:1. The N1 and N2 were postponed topdressing treatments which allocations were 2:1:4:3 and 2:2:4:2, respectively. The results showed that the postponed topdressing N fertilizer treatments boosted the maximum average crop growth rate (CGR) of wheat/maize intercropping. The N1 and N2 treatments increased the average maximum CGR by 32.9% and 16.4% during the co-growth period, respectively, and the second average maximum CGR was increased by 29.8% and 12.6% during the maize recovery growth stage, respectively, compared with the N3 treatment. The N1 treatment was superior to other treatments, since it increased the CGR of intercropped wheat by 44.7% during the co-growth period and accelerated the CGR of intercropped maize by 29.8% after the wheat had been harvested. This treatment also increased the biomass and grain yield of intercropping by 8.6% and 33.7%, respectively, compared with the current N management practice. This yield gain was primarily attributable to the higher total translocation of dry matter. The N1 treatment increased the transfer amount of intercropped wheat by 28.4% from leaf and by 51.6% from stem, as well as increased the intercropped maize by 49.0% of leaf, 36.6% of stem, and 103.6% of husk, compared to N3 treatment, respectively. Integrated the N fertilizer postponed topdressing to the wheat/maize intercropping system have a promotion effect on increasing the translocation of dry matter to grain in vegetative organs. Therefore, the harvest index of intercropped wheat and maize with N1 was 5.9% and 5.3% greater than that of N3, respectively. This demonstrated that optimizing the management of N fertilizer can increase the grain yield from wheat/maize intercropping via the promotion of accumulation and translocation of dry matter.

Growth and yield studies of Lupinus angustifolius and L. albus in Victoria

1982 ◽  
Vol 22 (115) ◽  
pp. 76 ◽  
Author(s):  
KA Boundy ◽  
TG Reeves ◽  
HD Brooke
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Matter Production

The effect of serial planting on dry matter production, leaf area, grain yield and yield components cf Lupinus angustifoiius (cvv. Uniwhite, Uniharvest and Unicrop) and L. albus (cv. Ultra) was investigated in field plots at Rutherglen in 1973 and 1974. Delayed planting reduced dry matter production of all cultivars, and leaf area for Ultra. Differences in dry matter partitioning were observed between the late flowering Uniharvest, and the early flowering Unicrop and Ultra. In Uniharvest, delayed plantings resulted in a greater proportion of total dry matter being produced during the flowering phase, whereas the reverse was true for Unicrop and Ultra. The later flowering cultivars showed marked grain yield and yield component reduction with later sowing. Yields were reduced by 160.6 kg/ha and 222.5 kg/ha for each week's delay in sowing Uniharvest and Uniwhite, respectively. This effect was offset in the early flowering cultivars by greater development of lateral branches. In addition, when Unicrop and Ultra were planted in April, pod and flower abortion on the main stem resulted from low temperatures at flowering time. Optimum sowing time was early April for Uniwhite and Uniharvest, and early May for Unicrop and Ultra. Excellent vegetative growth under ideal moisture conditions highlighted the poor harvest indices of lupins and the scope for genetic improvement in the genus.

The growth and yield of uniculm and tillered barley over a range of sowing rates

1990 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 449 ◽  
Author(s):  
GK McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Waite Agricultural Research Institute

The growth and yield of two lines of uniculm barley, WID-103 and WID-105, were compared over a range of sowing rates (50-400 kg/ha) with the commercial varieties Galleon and Schooner. The experiments were conducted at Strathalbyn, S.A., in 1986, 1987 and 1988 and at the Waite Agricultural Research Institute in 1987. A third tillered variety, Clipper, was included in the comparison in 1988. Over the three years plant populations measured early in the season ranged from 39/m2 to 709/m2, and grain yields from 97 to 41 1 g/m2. Dry matter production at ear emergence increased with greater plant density, and both the tillered varieties and the uniculm lines showed similar responses to higher sowing rates. At maturity, dry matter production of the tillered barleys was greater than or equal to that of the uniculms and the harvest indices (HIs) of the two types were similar. Consequently, grain yields of the tillered types were greater than or equal to the yields of the uniculms. Over the four experiments the tillered varieties had a 6% higher yield. The number of ears/m2 was the yield component most affected by plant density in both the tillered and uniculm barleys. The uniculm lines had more spikelets/ear, but tended to set fewer grains/spikelet and produce smaller kernels. The experiments failed to demonstrate any advantage of the uniculm habit to the grain yield of barley. These results differ from previous experiments that showed that a uniculm line, WID-101, had a higher yield than the tillered variety Clipper. It is suggested that the uniculm habit per se was not the cause of this higher yield, but its higher HI resulted in it outyielding Clipper. Current varieties, however, have HIs similar to the uniculm lines and yield equally to or more than the uniculm barleys examined. To further improve the grain yield of uniculm barley, greater dry matter production is necessary as the HIs of these lines are already high.

Radiation and water balance properties of cadmium-polluted maize in a wet year

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Anda
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sensible Heat ◽  
Net Radiation ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Vegetative Organs ◽  
Unit Leaf ◽  
Silage Maize ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Annual Water

The effect of spraying maize weekly with a 0.5 M concentration of Cd was studied in Hungary at two water supply levels. Cd reduced the size of the leaf area and the annual water loss. The intensity of evapotranspiration (mm water/unit leaf area) of the polluted crops grew. The higher net radiation of polluted maize resulted in an increase in sensible heat and a warmer canopy. The warmer the canopy, the higher the stress level of the contaminated crops was. While Cd caused a 28% significant decline in plant dry matter production in the rainfed plots, only a declining tendency amounting to a few percent was recorded in the ET treatment.Cd of atmospheric origin was only detected in the leaves; it was not accumulated in the grain. It was concluded from the results that the yield losses in grain maize grown on Cd-polluted areas could be mitigated by irrigation. The production of silage maize, however, is not recommended in regions affected by Cd pollution, especially in areas where irrigation is required, since supplementary water supplies promote the accumulation of Cd in the vegetative organs.

scholarly journals Response of Wheat Plants to Combinations of Herbicides with Insecticides and Fungicides

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. VIECELLI ◽  
F.B. PAGNONCELLI JR. ◽  
M.M. TREZZI ◽  
B.M. CAVALHEIRO ◽  
R.C.R. GOBETTI
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Wheat Grains ◽  
Synergistic Interactions ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Relative Tolerance ◽  
Chemical Groups

ABSTRACT: The combination of herbicides and other pesticides can influence weed and crop management. This study aimed to evaluate the response of the combination of different herbicides with insecticides or fungicides of different chemical groups on the development and yield of wheat grains of the cultivar ORS Vintecinco. The experimental design was a randomized block design with three replications. The experiment consisted of 33 treatments, as follows: control without application and application of the herbicides 2,4-D (1,005 g a.e. ha-1), bentazon (756 g a.i. ha-1), metsulfuron-methyl (3 g a.i. ha-1), and pyroxsulam (16 g a.i. ha-1), isolated or combined with the insecticides chlorfluazuron (15 g a.i. ha-1), chlorpyrifos (720 g a.i. ha-1), deltamethrin (5 g a.i. ha-1), and methomyl (5 g a.i. ha-1) or with the fungicides azoxystrobin (100 g a.i. ha-1), carbendazim (250 g a.i. ha-1), and propiconazole (190 g a.i. ha-1). Relative tolerance (RT), shoot dry matter (SDM), yield components, and grain yield were evaluated. In general, pyroxsulam had the highest number of synergistic interactions with insecticides and fungicides, reducing RT and SDM, especially the combination pyroxsulam + chlorpyrifos due to a lower RT level (45%) and higher SDM reduction (52%). All combinations of herbicides with the insecticide chlorpyrifos and most of the combinations with the fungicide propiconazole led to a reduction of grain yield when compared to their isolated application or to control without application.

scholarly journals Role of salicylic acid as foliar spray on hydride rice (BRRI Hybrid dhan3) cultivation in Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-164
Author(s):  
Mohammad Issak ◽  
Most Moslama Khatun ◽  
Amena Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Matter Production

The experiment was conducted to study the effect of salicylic acid (SA) as foliar spray on yield and yield contributing characters of BRRI Hybrid dhan3.The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications and six treatment combinations as, T1: 0 μM SA, T2: 200 μM SA, T3: 400 μM SA, T4: 600 μM SA, T5: 800 μM SA and T6: 1000 μM SA. The results revealed that biomass production, dry matter production and yield and yield contributing characters were significantly increased due to the foliar application of SA. At the maximum tillering (MT) stage, the highest biomass production (15.0 t/ha) and dry matter production was observed in T3 treatment. Treatments T4, T5 and T6 showed significant variation on the effective tillers/hill. The maximum effective tillers/hill were found in the treatment T6. The percentages of spikelet sterility were decreased with increasing the level of SA and the percentage of filled grains/panicle were increased with increasing level of SA. The insect infestation was reduced with increasing level of SA to up to 1000 μM. The maximum grain yield (9.21 t/ha) and straw yield (9.22 t/ha) was found in the treatment T6 which was identical to T5. On the other hand, in all cases the lowest results were found in the control treatment. The result showed that grain yield of rice increased with increasing level of SA to up to 1000 μM (T6 treatment). Our results suggest that foliar spray of SA might be applied to increase the yield of hybrid rice in Bangladesh.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.4(3): 157-164, December 2017

Cold tolerance of inbred lines and sister line crosses of maize with different genetic backgrounds

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Szundy ◽  
I. Pók ◽  
L. C. Marton
Keyword(s):  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Northern Areas ◽  
Emergence Percentage ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Shoot Mass

An improvement in the early spring cold tolerance of maize would allow it to be grown in more northern areas with a cooler climate, while on traditional maize-growing areas the profitability of maize production could be improved by earlier sowing, leading to a reduction in transportation and drying costs. The cold tolerance of crosses between inbred lines and sister line crosses belonging to three related groups that combine well with each other (BSSS, Iodent, Lancaster) was tested in the Martonvásár phytotron. The results confirmed those of earlier experiments and led to the following new conclusions: - the average emergence time of the tested Iodent inbred lines was longer than that of the BSSS and Lancaster groups, - all three groups contained inbred lines with significantly earlier emergence than the others, - the average emergence percentage and individual shoot dry matter production in the Iodent group were also lower than in the other two groups, - a close negative correlation (r = -0.70) was found between the number of days to emergence and the individual dry shoot mass. The results were used to select inbred lines and sister line crosses with various genetic backgrounds that could be used in crosses aimed at improving the resistance of hybrids to cold stress in early spring.

Effects of Time of Sowing and Phosphamidon (Dimecron) on Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)

1974 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. C. Enyi
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Area Development ◽  
Leaf Area Development

SUMMARYApplication of dimecron to cowpea plants increased grain yield, its effect being more pronounced in widely spaced plants and those planted in March. Dimecron increased grain yield by encouraging greater leaf area development, by increasing the number of flowering inflorescences and the number of pods set per inflorescence, and by decreasing the number of shrivelled pods. March planting encouraged greater dry matter production than January and May planting. Dimecron application decreased the number of Ootheca beningseni, reduced the proportion of leaf damaged by these insects, and reduced the number of plants infested with aphids and Acidodis larvae.

Growth, yield and nitrogen requirements of winter sown cereals grown after cotton or summer fallow in the lower Namoi Valley, New South Wales

1984 ◽  
Vol 24 (125) ◽  
pp. 236
Author(s):  
GK McDonald ◽  
BG Sutton ◽  
FW Ellison
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Summer Fallow ◽  
Applied Nitrogen

Three winter cereals (wheat varieties Songlen and WW 15, triticale variety Satu) were grown after cotton or summer fallow under three levels of applied nitrogen (0, 100 and 200 kg N/ha) at Narrabri, New South Wales. The cereals were sown on August 7, 1980 and growing season rainfall was supplemented by a single irrigation. Leaf area, total shoot dry matter production and ears per square metre were lower after cotton than after summer fallow, while grain yields of cereals sown immediately after cotton were 33% lower than those sown after fallow. Adding nitrogen increased leaf area, dry matter and grain yields of crops grown after cotton and fallow, but significant increases were not obtained with more than 100 kg/ha of applied nitrogen. Crops grown after cotton required an application of 100 kg N/ha for leaf and dry matter production at anthesis to equal that of crops grown after fallow with no additional nitrogen. The corresponding cost to grain yield of growing cotton was equivalent to 200 kg N/ha. The low grain yield responses measured in this experiment (1 8 and 10% increase to 100 kg N/ha after cotton and fallow, respectively) were attributed to the combined effects of late sowing, low levels of soil moisture and loss, by denitrification, of some of the applied nitrogen. The triticale, Satu, yielded significantly less than the two wheats (1 99 g/m2 for Satu c.f. 255 and 286 g/m2 for Songlen and WW 15, respectively), and did not appear to be a viable alternative to wheat in a cotton rotation.

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