Risk and protective factors for chronic diseases in adults: a population-based study

Abstract The article describes the relative frequency ok of risk and protective behaviors for chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in adults residing in Viçosa, Brazil. A cross-section-al population-based study including 1,226 adults living in the municipality. We used a structured questionnaire containing questions sociodemographic and behavioral The risk and protection factors evaluated were: smoking, physical activity, excessive consumption of alcohol and food consumption. The proportion of risk and protection factors was calculated in the total population, according to gender, education and socioeconomic status. The studied population has a high frequency of risk factors for NCDs, such as excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages, habit of consuming whole milk, habit of eating meat with visible fat, regular consumption of soft drinks and 78.5% did not achieve the minimum recommendation for physical activity in leisure time. With regard to protective factors, 86.2% of the population reported regular consumption of fruits and vegetables, and 73%, of beans. It was found the highest frequency of risk factors in among males, in younger people and middle socioeconomic status. This population has an urgent need for public policy of municipal planning to change this current scenario.

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Abstract P057: Clusters of Cardiovascular Risk Factors Predict Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes in Men and Women: A Swedish Population-based Study

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.133.suppl_1.p057 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 133 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Charlotte A Larsson ◽

Bledar Daka ◽

Margareta I Hellgren ◽

Maria C Eriksson ◽

Lennart Råstam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Population Based ◽

Population Based Study ◽

Men And Women ◽

Self Rated Health

Introduction: Clusters of metabolic variables and their effects on incidence of type 2 diabetes have been studied previously; however, little is known about the effects on diabetes from risk factor clusters including lifestyle and self-rated health. Hypothesis: We assessed the hypothesis that clusters of common cardiovascular risk factors, including lifestyle and self-rated health, can predict development of type 2 diabetes in men and women, respectively. Methods: In 2002-2005, 2816 men and women, 30-74 years, were randomly selected from two municipalities in southwestern Sweden and assessed with regard to cardiovascular/metabolic risk factors within the Skaraborg Project (76% participation). Participants performed an OGTT, had blood samples drawn, had anthropometric measurements and blood pressure taken, and answered validated questionnaires about e.g. leisure-time physical activity (with four answer alternatives from intensive to sedentary) and self-rated health (with five alternatives from excellent to very poor). Using the same protocol, 1332 participants from the baseline survey where re-examined in 2011-2014. After excluding those with diabetes at baseline, 1268 participants were included in this prospective population-based study. Results: Factor analysis (using varimax rotation) identified significant loadings (≥0.40) on the following three identical factors in men and women: the metabolic factor , comprising HOMA-ir, WHR, systolic blood pressure, and apolipoprotein B-to-A1 ratio; the vitality factor , comprising physical activity and self-rated health; and the addiction factor , comprising smoking and alcohol consumption. After a mean follow-up of 9.7±1.4 years, 76 cases of diabetes were identified; 46 in men and 30 in women. In a logistic regression analysis adjusted for all principal components, age, and educational level, the metabolic factor significantly predicted type 2 diabetes in both men (OR: 3.3, CI: 2.3-5.0) and women (OR: 3.5, CI: 2.2-5.6). Furthermore, a predictive effect of the vitality factor was also seen in women (OR: 1.8, CI: 1.2-2.9), but not in men (OR: 1.1, CI: 0.8-1.6), whereas the addiction factor had no effect in either men or women. Conclusions: This is to our knowledge the first time principle components of cardiovascular risk factors, including both metabolic and lifestyle variables, have been used to predict incidence of type 2 diabetes. The gender difference observed with regard to the combined impact of self-rated health and physical activity are novel and indicates a mechanism beside the metabolic syndrome that warrants further gender-specific exploration in future studies.

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Socioeconomic status and occupation as risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea in Sweden: A population-based study

Sleep Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.sleep.2007.02.003 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 129-136 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Xinjun Li ◽

Kristina Sundquist ◽

Jan Sundquist

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽

Sleep Apnea ◽

Population Based ◽

Population Based Study ◽

Obstructive Sleep

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Low Physical Activity and Its Association with Diabetes and Other Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Nationwide, Population-Based Study

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0160959 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. e0160959 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Laura Brugnara ◽

Serafín Murillo ◽

Anna Novials ◽

Gemma Rojo-Martínez ◽

Federico Soriguer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Population Based ◽

Population Based Study

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Fruit and vegetable consumption in relation to risk factors for cancer: a report from the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980000000306 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 263-271 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Peter Wallström ◽

Elisabet Wirfält ◽

Lars Janzon ◽

Irene Mattisson ◽

Sölve Elmståhl ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Leisure Time ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Vegetable Consumption ◽

Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽

Fruit And Vegetable Consumption ◽

Diet And Cancer ◽

Low Consumption

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the associations between the consumption of fruit and vegetables and other markers of cancer risk.DesignA cross-sectional survey within the population-based prospective Malmö Diet and Cancer (MDC) Study. Information on food habits was collected through the modified diet history method designed and validated for the MDC Study. Data on smoking and alcohol habits, leisure time physical activity, birth country, education, socioeconomic status and cohabitation status were collected through a questionnaire.SettingMalmö, the third largest city in Sweden.SubjectsAll subjects who entered the MDC Study during winter 1991 to summer 1994 (men and women living in Malmö, aged between 46 and 68 years), with a total of 15 173.ResultsWomen consumed more fruit and vegetables than men. Low consumption of both fruits and vegetables was associated with unfavourable nutrient profiles: higher percentage of energy from fat and lower intakes of antioxidant nutrients and dietary fibre. Low consumption was also associated with smoking, low leisure time physical activity, low education and being born in Sweden. High age was associated with low vegetable consumption in both genders. Alcohol intake was positively associated with vegetable consumption in both genders, while both zero and high alcohol consumers had low fruit consumption. Men residing without a partner consumed less fruits and vegetables than other men. There were very weak or no independent associations between socioeconomic status and fruit/vegetable consumption.ConclusionThis study indicates that several established risk markers and risk factors of cancer may be independently associated with low fruit and vegetable consumption. The findings suggest that the adverse effects of factors such as smoking, low physical activity and a high-fat diet could partly be explained by low consumption of fruit or vegetables. The implied health benefits of a low or moderate alcohol consumption may be similarly confounded by high consumption of fruit or vegetables.

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Self-rated health and social capital in Iraqi immigrants to Sweden: The MEDIM population-based study

Scandinavian Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1177/1403494817730997 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 46 (2) ◽

pp. 194-203 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Louise Bennet ◽

Martin Lindström

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Social Capital ◽

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Female Gender ◽

Population Based ◽

Health Examination ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Population Based Study ◽

Self Rated Health ◽

Iraqi Women

Objectives: Poor self-rated health is an estimator of quality of life and a predictor of mortality seldom studied in immigrant populations. This work aimed to study self-rated health in relation to social capital, socioeconomic status, lifestyle and comorbidity in immigrants from Iraq – one of the largest non-European immigrant group in Sweden today – and to compare it with the self-rated health of native Swedes. Design: The study was a cross-sectional population-based study conducted from 2010 to 2012 among citizens of Malmö, Sweden, aged 30–65 years and born in Iraq or Sweden. All participants underwent a health examination and answered questionnaires on self-rated health, social capital, comorbidity, lifestyle and socioeconomic status. Results: In total, 1348 Iraqis and 677 Swedes participated. Poor self-rated health was identified in 43.9% of Iraqis and 21.9% of native Swedes ( p<0.001), with the highest prevalence (55.5%) among Iraqi women. Low social capital was highly prevalent in the immigrants. Female gender showed higher odds of poor self-rated health in Iraqis than in Swedes (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.4–2.5, pinteraction=0.024), independent of other risk factors connected to social capital, socioeconomic status, lifestyle or comorbidity. Conclusions: Although public health initiatives promoting social capital, socioeconomic status and comorbidity in immigrants are crucial, the excess risk of poor self-rated health in Iraqi women is not fully attributed to known risk factors for self-rated health, but remains to be further explored.

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High Sedentary Activity and Low Consumption of Fruits and Vegetables as Important Risk Factors in Increasing Obesity of Indonesian Adult People (P04-176-19)

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzz051.p04-176-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Hamam Hadi ◽

Esti Nurwanti ◽

Chyi-Huey Bai ◽

Jung-Su Chang

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Population Based ◽

Sedentary Behaviors ◽

Sedentary Activity ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Validated Questionnaire ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

Low Consumption

Abstract Objectives Sedentary behaviors and unhealthy diets are reported to be risk factors of obesity. The present study aims to examine the role of high sedentary activity and low consumption of fruits and vegetables in increasing obesity in Indonesian adult people. Methods The analysis presented in this study was based on the data from a population-based, cross-sectional, nationally representative, Indonesian Basic Health Research 2013. In total, 222,650 men and 248,590 women aged 19–55 years were enrolled. A validated questionnaire, physical activity card, and food card were used for assessment. Results The results showed that prevalence of obesity (body mass index of ≥27.5 kg/m2) was higher in women (18.71%) than in men (8.67%). The prevalence was higher in those with high (≥ 6 hours/day) sedentary activity (17.3%) than in those with low sedentary activity (14.5%). Furthermore, the prevalence was higher in those with low consumption of fruits and vegetables (20.6%) than in those with adequate consumption of fruits and vegetables (15.0%). Overall, people with high sedentary activity were 1.2 times (OR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.16–1.21) more likely to be obese than those with low sedentary activity, and people with low consumption of fruits and vegetables were 1.5 times (OR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.22–1.87) more likely to be obese than those with adequate consumption of fruits and vegetables after adjusting for age, sex, and socioeconomic status. The excess odds of being obese attributable to high sedentary activity and low consumption of fruits and vegetables was higher in men than in women. Conclusions The present study suggests that promoting physical activity and healthy diets especially adequate consumption of fruits and vegetables could be the keys in preventing obesity in Indonesia. Funding Sources Indonesian Ministry of Health, The University of Alma Ata, Taipei Medical University.

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Regular consumption of fruit and vegetables by the Judiciary’s public servers of the Minas Gerais State, Brazil

Revista de Nutrição ◽

10.1590/1678-9865202134e200129 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 34 ◽

Author(s):

Ana Paula Marques de Araújo COSTA ◽

Ada Ávila ASSUNÇÃO ◽

Bruna Vieira de Lima COSTA

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Vegetable Consumption ◽

Female Gender ◽

Minas Gerais ◽

Civil Servants ◽

Alcoholic Beverages ◽

Fruit And Vegetable ◽

Regular Consumption ◽

Minas Gerais State

ABSTRACT Objective To estimate the prevalence and factors associated with the regular consumption of fruits and vegetables by the civil servants of the Minas Gerais State Judicial System. Methods This is a cross-sectional analytical study, with a representative sample (n=1.005) of the Minas Gerais State Judicial System’s civil servants. The outcome variable “regular fruit and vegetable consumption” refers to fruit and vegetable consumption on five or more days per week. The explanatory variables were divided into three blocks: (1) sociodemographic (gender, age, education, race/skin color; income); (2) health conditions and life habits (chronic diseases, absenteeism due to illness, consumption of alcoholic beverages, smoking, physical activity and nutritional status); and (3) work characteristics and psychosocial factors (weekly workload, position, overtime, use of the electronic Judicial Process, county, psychological demand and control). Hierarchical Poisson regression by blocks was used to analyze potential factors associated with the outcome. Results The prevalence of regular consumption of fruits and vegetables was 55.3%. Associations were found with female gender, income above 12 minimum wages, sufficient physical activity, use of Electronic Judicial Process, while there was a negative association with alcohol abuse. Conclusion Regular consumption of fruit and vegetable among civil servants in the Judiciary was positively associated with female gender, higher incomes and physical activity. The consumption of alcoholic beverages was negatively associated with the outcome. Educational actions and programs aimed at encouraging healthy lifestyle habits are recommended, in order to raise awareness and involve public servants at all stages of the process.

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Time trends of risk and protective factors for non-communicable diseases in São Paulo City 2006-2017

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.881 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽

Author(s):

R S Siqueira Borges ◽

C H Seoane Leal ◽

D Sipukow Sciama ◽

N Gaspareto ◽

R P D'Elia Nunes

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Alcohol Abuse ◽

Protective Factors ◽

Leisure Time ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽

Risk And Protective Factors ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Non Communicable Diseases ◽

Regular Consumption

Abstract Background Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD) were responsible for approximately 73% of mortality in São Paulo, Brazil in 2017, in addition to a high burden of disease, costs for the Health System and a lower quality of life. Monitoring the main risk and protection factors for NCD is essential to transform information into action and support public health promotion policies. Methods This is a time trend analysis (2006 - 2017) with data from VIGITEL - Brazilian Surveillance System of Risk and Protective Factors for NCD through Telephone Interviews with adults (≥ 18 years), carried out annually since 2006. Data from the adult population of the city of São Paulo were selected for the following risk and protection factors: obesity, regular consumption of fruits and vegetables, leisure-time physical activity, alcohol abuse and tobacco smoking. The annual percentual change (APC) were estimated by Prais Winstein regression, using Stata 14. Results In the period of 2006 to 2017, the prevalence of obesity increased from 11.3% to 18.5% (APC 4.84; CI 3.56-6.16). In relation to regular consumption of fruits and vegetables and leisure-time physical activity, the prevalence increased from 26.8% to 35.5 % (APC 2.03; IC 0,87-3,21) and 27.5% to 29.9% (APC 3,08; IC 1.12-5.08), respectively. Regarding smoking, the prevalence decreased from 18.8% to 14.2% (APC-3.83; IC-5,64- -1.98). However, alcohol abuse increased from 12.0% to 17.4% (APC 2.5; IC 1.42-3.58). Conclusions The analysis showed some advances, such as reducing smoking, increasing regular consumption of fruits and vegetables and leisure-time physical activity. On the other hand, there was a significant increase in obesity and alcohol abuse. It is worth remembering that these risk and protection factors can be modified and are related to the Social Determinants of Health that influence lifestyle, so intersectoral population strategies are necessary to face them, as well as public policies that promote healthier environments. Key messages Monitoring the main risk and protective factors for Non-Communicable Diseases is essential to implement and to support public health promotion policies and programs. This analysis showed some advances, such as reducing smoking, increasing regular consumption of fruits and vegetables. On the other hand, there was a significant increase in obesity and alcohol abuse.

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Abstract P314: High Prevalence of Behavioural Cardiovascular Risk Factors in a Nepalese Community undergoing Socio-epidemiological Transition

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.129.suppl_1.p314 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Abhinav Vaidya ◽

Natalia Oli ◽

Umesh R Aryal ◽

Damber B Karki ◽

Alexandra Krettek

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Physical Inactivity ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Vegetable Intake ◽

Tobacco Consumption ◽

Population Based ◽

Behavioral Risk ◽

Fruit And Vegetable ◽

Who Steps

Behavioral risk factors, particularly the major four- tobacco consumption, harmful use of alcohol, unhealthy diet and physical inactivity- are accountable for a major proportion of cardiovascular disease burden. Driven by urbanization and globalization, these risk factors are rising in many of the low- income countries including Nepal. Population-based surveys and hospital reports indicate cardiovascular diseases are rising in Nepal. The first countrywide WHO-STEPS risk factor survey conducted in 2007-2008 showed that 23.8% are daily smokers, 28.5% are current drinkers, and 61.9% consumed less than five servings of fruits and vegetables, while 5.5% had low physical activity. Risk factors are generally more prevalent in urban areas than rural. We aimed to study the status of these behavioural risk factors in a community that is rapidly undergoing transition from a village to an urban community. We conducted the study in Duwakot and Jhaukhel, two urbanizing villages 13 kilometers from the capital Kathmandu. Six clusters were randomly selected. Altogether 777 adults aged 25-59 years consented to participate. Questions were based on the WHO-STEPS survey. Current smokers included those who affirmed to the question ‘Do you smoke?’ Current drinkers had ‘consumed alcohol in the previous one month’. Inadequate fruit and vegetable intake indicated those who were taking less than five servings of combined fruit and vegetable in a day. Physical activity was subjectively measured by asking about the respondent’s activities at work, travel and leisure. Having low physical activity meant not meeting any of the GPAQ (Global Physical Activity Questionnaire) criteria of adequate physical activity. Prevalence of the four major behavioral risk factors was high in the community. Addictive behavioural risk factors were particularly higher in the males than in the females: current smoking (33.5% vs. 14.7%), current smokeless tobacco consumption (20.2% vs. 3.3%), and current alcohol drinking (34.5 % vs. 12.6%). Only 2% of the study population fulfilled the recommended minimum five servings of fruits and vegetables. Low physical activity was present in 43.3% of the respondents, with a higher prevalence seen among the females, elderly, more educated and those on non-agro works. In conclusion, there is particularly high physical inactivity and low fruit and vegetable intake in the community indicating negative effects of urbanization such as changing dietary habit and escalating sedentary lifestyle. Because the community is still beginning to urbanize, it is important that timely population-based health promotional strategies and favourable environmental modifications are implemented to counteract the effects of urbanization.

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