CFD Modeling and Simulation of an Industrial Hall

The subject of this research is the use of artificial vision techniques to optimize the placement of hot air sources depending on the location of certain equipment in industrial halls operating at low temperatures. Low temperature industrial halls require optimization of the location of hot air sources to achieve low consumption and efficient heating, taking into account the fact that workplace safety standards require the halls are high and at a certain area of windows (to ensure a hall for this reason, it is necessary to optimize the location and hot air sources flow to ensure the heating of these halls.

Influence of a rotating nozzle diaphragm on the characteristics of axial low-consumption turbines

Экспериментально исследуются различные компоновки турбинных ступеней с целью обеспечения многорежимности у осевых малорасходных турбин. Определено, что под многорежимностью понимается способность турбины поддерживать величину КПД неизменной, или с небольшими изменениями в достаточно широком диапазоне изменения внешних нагрузок. С новой точки зрения обращено внимание на то, что наиболее выраженными свойствами многорежимности обладают турбины в состав которых входит вращающийся сопловой аппарат. В этой связи рассмотрены авторские результаты экспериментальных исследований биротативных турбин с большим углом поворота потока и двух-ступенчатых осевых турбин с частичным облопачиванием рабочего колеса. Выявлено, у исследованных биротативных турбин свойство многорежимности проявляется при степени парциальности, близкой к единице и регулируется путем изменения соотношения частот вращения соплового аппарата и рабочего колеса. А у одновальных турбин с частичным облопачиванием рабочего колеса свойство многорежимности проявляется в широком диапазоне изменения степени расширения в турбине также при полном подводе рабочего тела. Various arrangements of turbine stages are experimentally investigated in order to ensure multiplicity of operating levels for axial low-consumption turbines. It has been determined that multiplicity is understood as the ability of a turbine to maintain the efficiency value unchanged, or with small changes in a fairly wide range of external loads. From a new point of view, attention is drawn to the fact that the most marked properties of operating levels multiplicity are relevant to the turbines which include a rotating nozzle diaphragm. In this regard, the author's results of experimental studies of birotative turbines with a large flow angle and two-stage axial turbines with partial blading of the running wheel are considered. It was revealed that in the investigated birotative turbines the property of multiplicity is manifested at a degree of partiality close to 1 and is regulated by changing the ratio of the rotation frequencies of the nozzle diaphragm and the running wheel. And in single-shaft turbines with partial blading of the running wheel, the multiplicity property is manifested in a wide range of changes in the degree of expansion in the turbine, also with full supply of the working fluid.

Selection of the optimal flow path and control program for the turbo drive of remotely operated underwater vehicle

Обеспечение высокой экономичности не только на режимах номинальной мощности, но и на частичных режимах при изменении внешних параметров приводит к необходимости оптимизации проточной части турбины с объективным учетом ее характеристик на переменных режимах. Приводятся результаты многорежимной оптимизации МРТ в составе ЭУ АНПА на базе подхода разработанного авторами. Представлены основные результаты сравнительного анализа многорежимной оптимизации МРТ с оптимизацией на i-тый режим и работающей на остальных режимах как переменных для различных программ регулирования мощности. Выявлено сильное влияние на результаты многорежимной оптимизации основного ограничения в виде равенства мощности турбины мощности задаваемой графиком нагрузки, а также программ регулирования. Возможность применения соплового регулирования приводит к ослаблению степени воздействия основного ограничения. Установлено, что оптимальные геометрические характеристики стремятся к режиму с большей работой. Представлены результаты многорежимной оптимизации МРТ для различных программ регулирования и графиков нагрузок по отношению к результатам многорежимной оптимизации с программой реализующей сопловое регулирование в сочетании с изменением начальных параметров перед турбиной. Многорежимная оптимизация для программы, реализующей сопловое регулирование в сочетании с изменением только начальной температуры перед турбиной, выявила узкую регулировочную способность начальной температуры, и невозможность в некоторых случаях удовлетворения основным ограничениям по равенству мощностей для всех исследуемых графиков нагрузки в пределах заданных ограничений на режимные параметры. Результаты численного эксперимента свидетельствуют, что разработанный автором подход к многорежимной оптимизации МРТ позволяет снизить расход топлива при условии обеспечения заданного графика нагрузок по сравнению с традиционными методами проектирования на номинальный режим. Ensuring high efficiency not only at nominal power modes, but also at partial modes when changing external parameters leads to the need to optimize the flow path of the turbine with objective consideration of its characteristics at variable modes. The results of multi-mode optimization of a low-consumption turbine as part of a power unit of remotely operated underwater vehicle based on the approach developed by the authors are presented. The main results of a comparative analysis of multi-mode optimization of a low-consumption turbine with optimization for the i-mode and operating in other modes as variables for various power control programs are presented. A strong influence on the results of multi-mode optimization of the main limitation in the form of equality of the turbine power to the power set by the load schedule, as well as control programs is revealed. The possibility of using nozzle regulation leads to a weakening of the degree of influence of the main restriction. It was found that the optimal geometric characteristics tend to the regime with more work. The results of multi-mode optimization of a low-consumption turbine for various control programs and load schedules are presented in relation to the results of multi-mode optimization with a program that implements nozzle control in combination with a change in the initial parameters in front of the turbine. Multimode optimization for a program that implements nozzle regulation in combination with changing only the initial temperature in front of the turbine revealed a narrow adjusting ability of the initial temperature and the impossibility, in some cases, of satisfying the basic constraints on the equality of powers for all the studied load curves within the specified constraints on operating parameters. The results of the numerical experiment indicate that the approach developed by the author to the multi-mode optimization of a low-consumption turbine makes it possible to reduce fuel consumption, provided that a given load schedule is provided in comparison with traditional design methods for the nominal mode.

Electrochemical Dyeing of Cotton Fiber for Environmental Protection

For environment-friendly dyeing, electrochemical dyeing method was researched. The low consumption of additives during dyeing is beneficial to environmental protection,and the electric field of electrochemical dyeing reduces the salt. Moreover, the K/S value of the fabric increases significantly at the same dye concentration. The alkaline electrolyte in the electrolytic cell may enhance the self-corrosion of the electrode during the electrochemical dyeing process. The results show that the electrochemical dyeing can reduce the amount of additives during the dyeing process.

Physical activity, sugar-sweetened beverages, whole grain bread and insomnia among adolescents and psychological distress in adulthood: prospective data from the population-based HUNT study

Background In this study, we examined the relationship between low levels of physical activity, high consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and low consumption of whole grain bread and experiencing insomnia in adolescence and psychological distress in young adults. Methods This prospective study was based on information retrieved from the Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT) in Norway and included adolescents (age 13–19) participating in Young-HUNT3 (2006–2008) and in HUNT4 (2017–2019) 11 years later (age 23–31). The study sample consisted of 2,230 participants (1,287 females and 943 males). The exposure variables collected in adolescence included self-reported physical activity, consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and whole grain bread and insomnia, and psychological distress in young adulthood was used as an outcome variable. The relationship between lifestyle behaviours in adolescence and psychological distress in young adulthood was examined using multivariable logistic regression, adjusted for gender, age and psychological distress in adolescence and educational level in young adulthood. Results An increased odds of psychological distress was shown among young adults who reported low levels of physical activity (OR: 1.44, 95 % CI: 1.10–2.89), high consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (OR: 1.49, 95 % CI: 1.12–1.98), low consumption of whole grain bread (OR: 1.35, 95 % CI: 1.04–1.77) and insomnia (OR: 1.69, 95 % CI: 1.23–2.33) in adolescence. In terms of absolute differences, unhealthy lifestyle behaviours increased the risk of psychological distress in young adulthood between 3.18 (95 % CI: 0.29–6.07) (low whole grain bread consumption) and 6.01 (95 % CI: 1.95–10.07) (insomnia) percentage points. Conclusions Low levels of physical activity, high consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and low consumption of whole grain bread and insomnia during adolescence were associated with psychological distress in young adulthood.

Revisiting nutrition–labor productivity link: new empirical evidence from farm households in Ethiopia

Background Among others, the productive use of surplus labor is a viable mechanism to transform the agricultural sector and thus the whole economy in low-income countries. It is critically important to understand the factors that condition labor productivity to design and deploy effective agricultural and labor market policies. A few studies confirm that, at low-income levels, improving nutrition can contribute to the labor productivity of households. These studies rely heavily on self-reported farm data, which are prone to systematic and random measurement errors. The empirical evidence on this topic remains inadequate and inconclusive for this reason. Here, we substantiate whether better nutritional status enhances the labor productivity of farm households using objective measures of plot-level data from a recent household survey in Ethiopia. We also employ alternative measures of nutrition status indicators known as, Food Consumption Score (FCS) and Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS), inter alia, to capture additional aspects of nutrition such as diet quality and diversity, which are overlooked by calorie intake data. To deal with possible endogeneity, we employ a panel fixed effect estimation technique with a rich set of household socioeconomic and plot characteristics. Results We observe that the impact of current nutritional status, as measured by HDDS, on labor productivity varies considerably depending on the initial level of diet quality and diversity with a stronger and positive effect for low-consumption households. In an alternative specification, we also observe a positive farm labor productivity effect of current nutritional status as measured by FCS with a homogenous effect across households. However, the effect of the outcome of past nutritional status as evaluated by the Activity of Daily Living Index (ADLI) seems negligible. Conclusion Our findings indicate that improving nutrition can contribute to farm labor productivity at least for households with low current diet quality and diversity. Also, based on the findings, we conclude that there is a possibility of a low consumption–low productivity trap in Ethiopia.