scholarly journals Prevalence and factors associated with underweight among Brazilian older adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 2443-2452
Author(s):  
Priscila Maria Stolses Bergamo Francisco ◽  
Daniela de Assumpção ◽  
Flávia Silva Arbex Borim ◽  
Deborah Carvalho Malta
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
The Body ◽  
Individual Factors ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Chi Square Test

Abstract The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of underweight among older adults according to socio-demographic characteristics in different regions of Brazil as well as determine associated contextual and individual factors. Cross-sectional population-based study with older adults (≥ 65 years) interviewed by telephone survey in 2014. The body mass index was calculated based on weight and height. Associations were determined using Pearson’s chi-square test, considering a 5% significance level. Adjusted prevalence ratios were estimated using multilevel Poisson regression. Mean age was 73.3 years and the prevalence of underweight was 15.6% (95%CI: 14.1-17.1%). Higher prevalence rates of underweight were found among women, individuals aged ≥ 80 years, smokers and those who reported the regular consumption of beans. The prevalence rate of underweight was lower among those who reported abusive alcohol intake and those with a medical diagnosis of hypertension. The northern region of the country had the highest prevalence of underweight after adjusting for associated individual factors. The findings demonstrate the subgroups with higher prevalence rates of underweight that demand greater attention from the health services in terms of recovering of an adequate nutritional status.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN ANTARA PERILAKU PENGGUNAAN LAPTOP DENGAN KELUHAN KESEHATAN AKIBAT PENGGUNAAN LAPTOP

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 789-797
Author(s):  
Yuswati Yuswati ◽  
Mokh Firman Ismana
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Perceived Health ◽  
The Body ◽  
Health Complaints ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Health Studies ◽  
Regular Students

Menguatnya  daya beli konsumen berdampak pada penjualan notebook atau laptop. Penggunaan  laptop juga menjadi sesuatu yang fenomenal di perguruan tinggi, termasuk dalam lingkungan STIKes Cirebon mulai dari kalangan dosen, karyawan dan terutama mahasiswa. Perilaku penggunaan laptop yang kurang baik dapat menimbulkan keluhan kesehatan pada pengguna. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian didapat bahwa mahasiswa  reguler program studi kesehatan masyarakat STIKes Cirebon mayoritas memiliki keluhan disetiap bagian tubuhnya yaitu pada musculoskeletal dan pada mata. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara perilaku penggunaan laptop dengan keluhan kesehatan akibat penggunaan laptop pada mahasiswa reguler program studi kesehatan masyarakat STIKes Cirebon Tahun 2015. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara menggunakan instrument penelitian berupa kuesioner. Rancangan penelitian menggunakan desain cross sectional, dengan populasi dan sampel seluruh  mahasiswa reguler program studi kesehatan masyarakat tingkat I-IV STIKes Cirebon Tahun 2015 sebanyak 65 responden. Data dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan uji chi square pada tingkat kemaknaan 5% (0,05). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna antara ukuran laptop dengan keluhan kesehatan yang dirasakan akibat penggunaan laptop (Pvalue = 0,961), tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna antara durasi penggunaan laptop dengan keluhan kesehatan yang dirasakan akibat penggunaan laptop (Pvalue = 0,782), tidak ada hubungan yang bermaknaantara frekuensi penggunaan laptop dengan keluhan kesehatan yang dirasakan akibat penggunaan laptop (Pvalue = 0,065), ada hubungan yang bermakna antara antara posisi tubuh saat menggunakan laptop dengan keluhan kesehatan yang dirasakan akibat penggunaan laptop (Pvalue = 0,002).Kata Kunci          : Ukuran, durasi dan frekuensi penggunaan laptop ABSTRACT The strengthening of consumer purchasing power affects the sales of notebook or laptop. The use of laptops also be something phenomenal in college, including Cirebon STIKes environments ranging from the faculty, staff and especially students. Laptop usage behavior can cause adverse health complaints on the user. Based on the results of the study found that regular students of public health studies program STIKes Cirebon majority of complaints every part of his body is in musculoskeletal and eyes. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the behavior of the use of a laptop with health complaints as a result of the use of laptops in the regular students of public health studies program STIKes Cirebon 2015. Method of data collection is done with the interview using a research instrument in the form of a questionnaire. The study design was cross-sectional design, with a sample of the entire student population and the regular program of public health studies I-IV level STIKes Cirebon in 2015 as many as 65 respondents. Data were statistically analyzed using chi square test at 5% significance level (0.05). Results of this study showed no significant relationship between the size of a laptop with the perceived health complaints as a result of the use of a laptop (pvalue = 0.961), there was no significant association between duration of use of a laptop with the perceived health complaints as a result of the use of a laptop (pvalue = 0.782), not No significant association between the frequency of the use of a laptop with the perceived health complaints due to the use of a laptop (pvalue = 0.065), there was a significant correlation between the position of the body when using a laptop with perceived health complaints due to the use of a laptop (pvalue = 0.002).Keywords             : Size, duration, frequencythe use of laptops

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN PERILAKU PENGGUNAAN LAPTOP DENGAN KELUHAN KESEHATAN AKIBAT PENGGUNAAN LAPTOP

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1066-1074
Author(s):  
Muslimin Ali
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Perceived Health ◽  
The Body ◽  
Health Complaints ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Health Studies ◽  
Regular Students

Menguatnya daya beli konsumen berdampak pada penjualan notebook atau laptop. Penggunaan laptop juga menjadi sesuatu yang fenomenal di perguruan tinggi, termasuk dalam lingkungan Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Subang. Perilaku penggunaan laptop yang kurang baik dapat menimbulkan keluhan kesehatan pada pengguna. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian didapat bahwa Pegawai Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Subang mayoritas memiliki keluhan disetiap bagian tubuhnya yaitu pada musculoskeletal dan pada mata. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara perilaku penggunaan laptop dengan keluhan kesehatan akibat penggunaan laptop pada Pegawai Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Subang Tahun 2018. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara menggunakan instrument penelitian berupa kuesioner. Rancangan penelitian ini adalah desain cross sectional, dengan populasi dan sampel seluruh pegawai Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Subang Tahun 2018 sebanyak 65 responden. Data dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan uji chi square pada tingkat kemaknaan 5% (0,05). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna antara ukuran laptop dengan keluhan kesehatan yang dirasakan akibat penggunaan laptop (Pvalue = 0,961), tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna antara durasi penggunaan laptop dengan keluhan kesehatan yang dirasakan akibat penggunaan laptop (Pvalue = 0,782), tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna antara frekuensi penggunaan laptop dengan keluhan kesehatan yang dirasakan akibat penggunaan laptop (Pvalue = 0,065), ada hubungan yang bermakna antara posisi tubuh saat menggunakan laptop dengan keluhan kesehatan yang dirasakan akibat penggunaan laptop (Pvalue = 0,002). Kata Kunci              : Perilaku Penggunaan Laptop, Keluhan kesehatan  ABSTRACTThe strengthening of consumer purchasing power affects the sales of notebook or laptop. The use of laptops also be something phenomenal in college, including Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Subang. Laptop usage behavior can cause adverse health complaints on the user. Based on the results of the study found that regular students of public health studies program Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Subang majority of complaints every part of his body is in musculoskeletal and eyes. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the behavior of the use of a laptop with health complaints as a result of the use of laptops in the regular students of public health studies program Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Subang 2018. Method of data collection is done with the interview using a research instrument in the form of a questionnaire. The study design was cross-sectional design, with a sample of the entire student population and the Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Subang in 2018 as many as 65 respondents. Data were statistically analyzed using chi square test at 5% significance level (0.05). Results of this study showed no significant relationship between the size of a laptop with the perceived health complaints as a result of the use of a laptop (pvalue = 0.961), there was no significant association between duration of use of a laptop with the perceived health complaints as a result of the use of a laptop (pvalue = 0.782), not No significant association between the frequency of the use of a laptop with the perceived health complaints due to the use of a laptop (pvalue = 0.065), there was a significant correlation between the position of the body when using a laptop with perceived health complaints due to the use of a laptop (pvalue = 0.002).  Keywords            : Laptop useg behaviour, health complaints

scholarly journals Risk Factors Affecting Occupational Accidents and Related Causes: Case Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zohreh Shabgard ◽  
Rohadin Moradirad ◽  
Seyed Mahdi Mousavi
Keyword(s):  
Power Distribution ◽  
The Body ◽  
Occupational Accidents ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Khuzestan Province ◽  
Distribution Company ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background: Electricity is considered as the fifth cause of occupational deaths. Occupational accidents caused by electricity do not form a high percentage of total occupational accidents, but are considered due to the severity of injuries which often result in death. The present study aimed to investigate the factors affecting occupational accidents among employees of a power distribution company in Khuzestan province. Methods: The present study was a descriptive-analytical study which conducted as cross-sectional on the files related to the accidents of the personnel of a company in 2017.  Inclusion criteria were a history of accidents during the last 5 years from 2013 to 2017. Thus, all the personnel files of the employees of the company were reviewed and a number of 92 files of the personnel who were injured during the above-mentioned years were extracted. The required information such as demographic information (age, marital status, education level), organizational information of the injured person (employment status, job title), type of injury and place of injury on the body, rate of accidents in different seasons, days, and hours were recorded on a specific worksheet in the files. SPSS software version 22 was used for analyzing the factors affecting occupational accidents using descriptive tests and chi-square test. Significance level was considered as 0.05. Results:The maximum number of accidents occurred in summer during 8 to 10 am and the age group of 25 to 29 years reported the highest number of fatalities. In addition, most accidents occurred in the occupational group having a job experience of 1 to 5 years. Conclusion: Human errors and non- use of personal protective equipment, deficit of equipment and supervision, as well as the failure in implementing technical and safety instructions were the most critical causes of accidents and the actions such as technical and safety training before starting the work were evaluated as effective measures in controlling accidents.

HUBUNGAN ANTARA UMUR IBU DAN JARAK KEHAMILAN DENGAN KEJADIAN PERDARAHAN POSTPARTUM DI RUANG KEBIDANAN RSUD KOTA PRABUMULIH TAHUN 2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Desti Widya Astuti Desti Widya Astuti
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
District General Hospital ◽  
Study Data ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Post Partum Bleeding

ABSTRAK   Berdasarkan data di RSUD Kota Prabumulih bahwa terdapat peningkatan jumlah kejadian perdarahan post partum, tahun 2014 sebanyak 178 orang, tahun 2015 sebanyak 246 orang dan tahun 2016 sebanyak 151 orang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan umur ibu dan jarak kehamilan terhadap kejadian perdarahan post partum di RSUD Kota Prabumulih Tahun 2016. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik dengan rancangan cross sectional. Populasi yang digunakan adalah semua ibu bersalin di RSUD Kota Prabumulih, sebanyak 1.296 ibu bersalin dan 306 sampel. Pengambilan sampel dengan mengunakan random sampling, analisa data menggunakan analisa univariat dan bivariat dengan menggunakan uji statistik chi-square dengan derajat kemaknaan 0,05. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa dari 288 ibu bersalin terdapat 151 yang mengalami perdarahan post partum sebagian besar adalah ibu dengan umur resiko tinggi sebanyak 43 orang  (40,9%) dan ibu dengan jarak kehamilan resiko tinggi sebanyak 21 orang (17,3%). Hasil uju chi-square umur didapatkan p.value 0,000 < α 0,05 dan uji chi-square untuk jarak kehamilan didapatkan p.value 0,000 < α 0,05. Maka ada hubungan umur ibu dan jarak kehamilan terhadap kejadian perdarahan post partum di RSUD Kota Prabumulih Tahun 2016. ABSTRACK   Based on the data at District General Hospital (RSUD) Prabumulih, there was increasing of post-partum bleeding, in 2014, there were 178 people. In 2015, there were 246 people. And in 2016, there were 151 people. The purpose of the study was to know relationship between maternal mother and the distance and old post-partum bleedingat District General Hospital (RSUD) Prabumulih in 2013. The study was analytic researchwith cross sectional design. Population thas was used in the study was all maternal mother ar District General Hospital (RSUD) Prabumulih. It was about 1.296 maternal mother and from 306. Random sampilng was done in the study, data analyses used univariate and bivariate analyses by using chi-square statistic test with significance level 0,05. The study result showed that from 306 maternal mother, there were 151 mother who experienced old post-partum bleeding, the large of that was high maternal mother 43 people  (40,9%) and mother age high distance 21 people (17,3%). The result of chi-square test was p value 0,000 < α 0,05 and chi-square test for age was p value 0,000 < α 0,05. It meant that there was relationship between maternal mother and the distance and of post-partum bleeding at District General Hospital (RSUD) Prabumulih in 2016.

Skull and Face Injuries and Associated Factors in Pedestrian Victims of Traffic Accidents: A Single Trauma Center Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
Josimara A. de Araújo Varela ◽  
Tatiana F.T. Palitot ◽  
Smyrna L.X. de Souza ◽  
Alidianne F.C. Cavalcanti ◽  
Alessandro L. Cavalcanti
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
The Face ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The City

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the presence of lesions in the skull and face and the associated factors in pedestrian victims of traffic accidents. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study carried out through the analysis of medical records of pedestrian victims of traffic accidents in an emergency service in the city of Campina Grande, Brazil, during the year of 2016. Information was collected regarding gender, age group, day of the week, time of the accident, type of vehicle involved, presence of trauma to the skull and face, and outcomes. The Chi-square and Fisher's Exact tests were used, with a significance level of 5%. Results: A total of 1,884 medical records were evaluated, out of which 7.1% (n = 133) involved pedestrians. Men were the most frequent victims (68.4%), and victims of age 60 years old or over (30.5%) predominated. Almost one-third of the cases were recorded during the weekends (30.5%), and the most prevalent time was at night (52.7%). Regarding the type of vehicle involved, motorcycles predominated (47.4%). Head trauma was present in 37.6% of victims, while facial injuries corresponded to 8.2%. In 12% of cases, the victims died. The variables of gender, age group, occurrence on weekends, and trauma to the face showed a statistically significant association with the occurrence of traffic accidents (Chi-square test; p<0.05). Conclusion: Among pedestrian victims of traffic accidents, there is a predominance of men aged 65 years or over. Accidents are frequent at night, and motorcycles are the main vehicles involved. The presence of trauma to the skull and face regions is high.

scholarly journals Shift Work and Dry Eye Disease in the Korean Working Population: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5492
Author(s):  
Joonho Ahn ◽  
So-Jung Ryu ◽  
Jihun Song ◽  
Hyoung-Ryoul Kim
Keyword(s):  
Shift Work ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dry Eye Disease ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Shift Workers ◽  
Chi Square Test

This study aimed to evaluate the association between shift work and dry eye disease (DED) in the general population. The 2011 Korea Health Panel (KHP) was used. Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression were used to assess the relationship between shift work and DED. Stratification analysis was conducted by sex and age. Overall, the odds ratio (OR) of DED according to shift work did not showed significant results (adjusted OR = 1.230, 95% CI 0.758–1.901). When findings were stratified based on age older or younger than 40 years, the OR of DED increased to 2.85 (95% CI: 1.25–5.90) in shift workers under 40 years of age. Our results show an association between shift work and DED in a group of younger subjects.

scholarly journals Percepção da imagem corporal e indicadores antropométricos e de composição corporal associados em idosos

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 525-534
Author(s):  
Iasmim Batista Correia ◽  
Nathalie De Almeida Silva ◽  
Paulo Granges e Silva ◽  
Tarciana Nobre de Menezes
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Body Image ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Body Image Dissatisfaction ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Image Perception ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Body Image Perception

Aging leads to psychological losses and various physical changes that, associated with body-stereotyped patterns imposed by society, can cause disturbances in the body image perception (BIP) in the elderly. The aim of this study was to evaluate BIP in older adults living in the city of Campina Grande / PB and its relationship with different anthropometric and body composition indicators. This cross-sectional study was carried out with older adults of both sexes enrolled in the Family Health Strategy of Campina Grande, PB. BIP was considered as a dependent variable and body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), triceps skinfold (TSF), and arm fat area (AFA) as independent variables. The association between BIP and anthropometric indicators was verified using the Pearson chi-square test (X²), simple and multiple logistic regression, with significance level of p <0.05. Overall, 420 older adults were interviewed (68.1% women), of whom 409 reported their actual body image perception. Regarding the perception of idealized body image, 11 individuals did not respond and 230 were satisfied, since 179 desired another silhouette. Individuals with BMI indicative of overweight / obesity were more likely of showing body image dissatisfaction compared to those with normal weight. Subjects with excessive TSF showed greater body image dissatisfaction in relation to those with normal weight. Women were more likely of showing body image dissatisfaction. Thus, it was observed that variables BMI, TSF and sex were independently associated with body image satisfaction.

HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN SIKAP DENGAN INISIASI MENYUSU DINI PADA IBU POST PARTUM DI RUANG VK IRINA D BLU RSUP PROF R.D. KANDOUMANADO

e-NERS ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fransisca M.A. Wowiling ◽  
Benny Wantouw ◽  
Julia Rottie
Keyword(s):  
Post Partum ◽  
Early Initiation ◽  
Breastfeeding Initiation ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Early Initiation Of Breastfeeding ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
Initiation Of Breastfeeding

Abstract: Early Initiation of Breastfeeding is the baby starts to suckle his own soon after birth, as long as the skin is left in contact with his mother, at least 1 hour after birth. How to initiate early breastfeeding baby was named after the breast crawl or crawl seek his own breast. This study aims to gain an overview of the relationship between knowledge and attitude of mothers VK (maternity) Prof Dr Irina D BLU. R.D. Kandou Manado. Design of this study used cross sectional method where the entire population is a normal post partum mothers in space VK (Maternity) Prof Dr Irina D BLU. R.D. Kandou Manado with a sample size of 30 responden. Data responde collected using questionnaires and observation sheets then the data presented preformance cross tabulation tables and chi square test with a significance level of 0.05. Based on the results of the study showed that of the chi square test results obtained ρ value ​> 0.05. It states that there is no correlation between knowledge and attitude with the implementation of early breastfeeding initiation (IMD) in mothers post partum in space VK (maternity) Prof. Dr Irina D BLU R.D. Kandou Manado. Keywords: Knowledge and Attitude Post Partum Mom, Implementation of Early Initiation of Breastfeeding (IMD).     Abstrak: Inisiasi Menyusu Dini adalah bayi mulai menyusu sendiri segera setelah lahir, asalkan dibiarkan kontak dengan kulit ibunya, setidaknya 1 jam setelah lahir. Cara bayi melakukan inisiasi menyusu dini ini dinamakan the breast crawl atau merangkak mencari payudara sendiri. Penelitian ini bertujuan memperoleh gambaran mengenai hubungan pengetahuan dan sikap ibu post partum dengan pelaksanaan inisiasi menyusu dini (IMD) di Ruang VK (bersalin) Irina D BLU RSUP Prof. R.D. Kandou Manado. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan metode cross sectional dimana populasinya adalah keseluruhan ibu post partum secara normal di Ruang VK (Bersalin) Irina D BLU RSUP Prof. R.D. Kandou Manado dengan besar sampel 30 responden.Data dikumpulkan dari responde dengan menggunakan lembar kuisioner dan observasi kemudian data disajikan dalm tabel tabulasi silang dan uji chi square dengan derajat kemaknaan 0,05. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari hasil uji chi square didapatkan nilai ρ > 0,05. Ini menyatakan bahwa tidak ada hubungan pengetahuan dan sikap dengan pelaksanaan inisiasi menyusu dini (IMD) pada ibu post partum di Ruang VK (bersalin) Irina D BLU RSUP Prof.Dr. R.D. Kandou Manado. Kata kunci: PengetahuandanSikapIbuPost Partum, Pelaksanaan Inisiasi Menyusu Dini (IMD).

KEJADIAN DEPRESI PADA REMAJA MENURUT DUKUNGAN SOSIAL DI KABUPATEN JEMBER

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-101
Author(s):  
Adi Zayd Bintang ◽  
Ayik Mirayanti Mandagi
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Effective Role ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTDepression is a mental health problem that mostly occurs during adolescence. Physical, cognitive and emotional changes experienced during adolescence can cause stress. The prevalence of depression in adolescence has a very high increase compared to the age of children and adults. The main factor in being able to cure depression in adolescents is social support (Depkes, 2007). This study aims to identify depressive symptoms in adolescents and to find out the relationship between social support factors and depression incidence. This research is a quantitative research, with the type of observational analytic research with a cross sectional approach involving students at SMA XY in Jember Regency in May 2020. The analytical method uses the Chi Square test to see the relationship between independent and dependent variables with a significance level of α ≤ 0, 05. Data collection tool using google form. Determination of respondents by random sampling with a total of 158 respondents. The results of this study indicate that the distribution of women is 76.58% more than that of men. Based on the distribution of social support, 56.96% received good social support, while based on the incidence of depression, 54.43% did not experience depression. From the statistical test, the significance value of <0.05 indicates that there is a relationship between social support factors and the incidence of depression. Social support plays an effective role in overcoming depression experienced by adolescents.Keywords: Depression, Teens, social support. ABSTRAKDepresi merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan mental yang sebagian besar terjadi pada masa remaja. Perubahan fisik, kognitif dan emosional yang dialami pada masa remaja dapat menimbulkan stress. Prevalensi depresi pada usia remaja memiliki peningkatan yang sangat tinggi dibandingkan dengan usia anak-anak dan usia dewasa. Faktor utama untuk dapat menyembuhkan depresi pada remaja yaitu dukungan sosial (Depkes, 2007). Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi gejala depresi pada remaja dan mengetahui mengenai Hubungan Faktor Dukungan Sosial dengan Kejadian Depresi. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif, dengan jenis penelitian analitik observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional yang melibatkan siswa di SMA XY di Kabupaten Jember pada Bulan Mei tahun 2020. Metode analisis menggunakan uji Chi Square untuk melihat hubungan variabel independen dan dependen dengan tingkat kemaknaan α ≤ 0,05. Alat pengumpulan data menggunakan google form. Penentuan responden secara random sampling dengan jumlah 158 reponden. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan distribusi perempuan 76,58% lebih banyak daripada laki-laki, berdasarkan distribusi dukungan sosial sebesar 56,96% mendapatkan dukungan sosial yang baik, sedangkan berdasarkan kejadian depresi sebesar 54,43% tidak mengalami depresi. Dari uji statistik nilai signifikansi sebesar < 0,05 menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan antara faktor dukungan sosial dengan kejadian depresi. Dukungan sosial berperan efektif dalam mengatasi depresi yang dialami remaja.Kata Kunci: Depresi, Remaja, Dukungan Sosial.

scholarly journals Characterization of the institutionalization of pharmaceutical services in Brazilian primary health care

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (suppl.2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisélia Santana Souza ◽  
Ediná Alves Costa ◽  
Rafael Damasceno de Barros ◽  
Marcelo Tavares Pereira ◽  
Joslene Lacerda Barreto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Services ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Heterogeneous Process ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Computerized System ◽  
Municipal Health

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the current stage of the institutionalization of pharmaceutical services in Brazilian cities. METHODS: This study is part of the Pesquisa Nacional sobre Acesso, Utilização e Promoção do Uso Racional de Medicamentos (PNAUM – National Survey on Access, Use and Promotion of Rational Use of Medicines), a cross-sectional, exploratory, and evaluative study composed by an information survey in a representative sample of cities, stratified by Brazilian regions. We interviewed municipal secretaries of health, responsible for pharmaceutical services, and pharmacists responsible for the dispensing of medicines. The variables selected from the interviews were grouped into five dimensions that defined three stages of pharmaceutical services institutionalization: incipient (0%-34.0%), partial (35.0%-69.0%), and advanced (70.0%-100%), estimated based on the interviewees’ answers. Frequencies were estimated with 95% confidence intervals. For the statistical association analysis, the Chi-square test was applied, with significance level of p<0.05. RESULTS: Our results show a partial and heterogeneous process of institutionalization of pharmaceutical services in Brazil, and an advanced stage in formal structures, such as the municipal health plans and the existence of a standardized list of medicines. The analysed variables in the “organization, structure, and financing” dimension configured stages that range from partial to advanced. The management presented partial institutionalization, positively showing the existence of computerized system, but also disparate results regarding the autonomy in the management of financial resources. Indispensable items related to the structure expressed disparities between the regions, with statistically significant differences. CONCLUSION: The study showed a partial and heterogeneous process of institutionalization of pharmaceutical services in Brazilian cities, showing regional disparities. Variables related to the normative aspects of institutionalization were positively highlighted in all dimensions; however, it is necessary to conduct new studies to evaluate the institutionalization of pharmaceutical services’ finalistic activities

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