Role of Synadenium grantii latex proteases in nematicidal activity on Meloidogyne incognita and Panagrellus redivivus

Abstract Synadenium grantii is a Euphorbiaceae plant commonly found in Brazil, known as Janaúba or Leitosinha, whose latex is traditionally used for several purposes. However, it is not known whether the nematicidal action of this plant latex occurs due to the action of proteases. The present work aims to evaluate the nematicidal activity of proteases from Synadenium grantii latex on Meloidogyne incognita and Panagrellus redivivus. S. grantii latex used in the present study was collected from specimens found in Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The drained latex was collected in Eppendorf microtubes and immediately stored on ice at 4 °C. After this extraction, the latex was frozen (-20 °C) during 2 hours, thawed at room temperature (25 °C) and centrifuged at 10,000 g at 4 °C for 30 minutes to remove larger particles and concentrate the proteases. After the centrifugation, assays of enzymatic activity were performed in order to know in which of the phases the enzymes were found. S. grantii latex presented protease, but no chitinase activity. The results show that there was a significant difference (p <0.01) between the treated and control groups, with 100% mortality of Meloidogyne incognita and 72% average mortality of Panagrellus redivivus. In addition, it was demonstrated that the nematicidal action occurred due to the action of the proteases, since the control was only differentiated from the treatment by the presence of the enzymes with biological activity.

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Investigating ADAMTS7 and ADAMTS12 levels in prediabetic and Type 2 diabetic patients

Biomarkers in Medicine ◽

10.2217/bmm-2020-0161 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mercan Taştemur ◽

Selvihan Beysel ◽

Sema Hepşen ◽

Sanem Öztekin ◽

Erman Çakal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Markers ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Control Groups ◽

Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽

Human Enzyme ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Control ◽

Type 2 Diabetic

Background: This study aims to investigate the role of ADAMTS7 and ADAMTS12 on atherosclerosis and inflammation in prediabetic and diabetic patients. Patients & methods: Serum ADAMTS7 and ADAMTS12 levels were compared with the atherosclerotic and inflammatory markers in diabetic (n = 65, female 30.9%, mean age = 53 years), prediabetic (n = 55, female 36.6%, mean age = 49 years) and control groups (n = 55, females 32.5%, mean age = 49 years). Serum ADAMTS levels were determined by a human enzyme-liked immunoassay. Results: In terms of ADAMTS7, there was no significant difference between diabetic, prediabetic and control groups (50.93, 44.34, 59.07, respectively; p > 0.05). ADAMTS12 is lower in diabetics (p < 0.05), whereas it is similar in prediabetics and controls (14.53, 20.76, 25.05, respectively; p > 0.05). ADAMTS7 and ADAMTS12 levels did not differ in diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy and neuropathy (p > 0.05). Conclusion: While ADAMTS12 was significantly lower in diabetics and prediabetics, ADAMTS7 and ADAMTS12 were not related to diabetic complications (nephropathy, retinopathy and neuropathy).

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Variants in the 3′ End of SLC6A3 in Northwest Han Population with Parkinson’s

Parkinson s Disease ◽

10.1155/2019/6452471 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Peiye Chang ◽

Yongwang Fu ◽

Ping Zhao ◽

Chunmei Wang ◽

Mingfang Jiang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Factors ◽

Allele Frequencies ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Groups ◽

Han Population ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Control ◽

Normal Controls ◽

Genotype And Allele Frequencies

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders in neurology. It is possible that multifactorial and genetic factors are related to its pathogenesis. Recently, there have been reports of SLC6A3 genetic variants leading to PD. However, the role of 3′ end of SLC6A3 in PD is less studied in different ethnic groups. To explore the roles of 3′ end of SLC6A3 in PD development, 17 SNP sites in 3′ end of SLC6A3 were analyzed in 360 PD patients and 392 normal controls of Han population residing in northwest of China. The significant difference of gene type and allele frequencies between the PD and control groups was detected only in rs40184 (P = 0.013 and 0.004, respectively; odds ratio 2.529, 95% confidence interval 1.325–4.827). The genotype and allele frequencies of the other 16 SNP sites were not found to be different between the PD group and the control group. rs2550936, rs3776510, and rs429699 were selected to construct the haplotypes; no significant difference was found in a frequency of 5 haplotypes between the PD group and the control group. These results suggest that the SLC6A3 variant in rs40184 A allele may increase the risk of PD in northwest Han population and may be a biomarker of PD.

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Investigation of Associations between Obesity andLEPG2548A andLEPR668A/G Polymorphisms in a Turkish Population

Disease Markers ◽

10.1155/2013/216279 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 35 ◽

pp. 673-677 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Server Şahın ◽

Aydın Rüstemoğlu ◽

Akın Tekcan ◽

Türker Taşliyurt ◽

Hasan Güven ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leptin Receptor ◽

Turkish Population ◽

Control Groups ◽

Genotype Frequencies ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

Length Analysis ◽

And Control

Objective.Obesity is a complex heterogeneous disease that is caused by genes, environmental factors, and the interaction between the two. The leptin (LEP) and leptin receptor (LEPR) genes have been evaluated for polymorphisms that could potentially be related to the pathophysiology of obesity and its complications. The aim of this study was to investigate the role ofLEPG2548A andLEPR668A/G polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of obesity.Subjects.The study included 127 patients with obesity and 105 healthy controls. Polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length analysis forLEPG2548A andLEPR668A/G polymorphisms were applied.Results.There was no statistically significant difference in the genotype frequencies of theLEPgene polymorphism between patients and control groups (P>0.05). We found a difference in theLEPRgenotypes between patients and controls, but this was not statistically significant (P=0.05). Additionally, we found an increased risk of obesity in theLEP/LEPRGG/GG combined genotype (P<0.05).Conclusion.Our findings indicate that theLEPG2548A polymorphism is not a relevant obesity marker and that theLEPR668A/G polymorphism may be related to obesity in a Turkish population. Further researches with larger patient population are necessary to ascertain the implications ofLEPandLEPRpolymorphisms in obesity.

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P–625 Does endogenous progesterone play a role in unexplained infertility? A systematic review

Human Reproduction ◽

10.1093/humrep/deab130.624 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

C Raperport ◽

E Chronopoulou ◽

R Homburg ◽

K Khan ◽

P Bhide

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Luteal Phase ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Endometrial Receptivity ◽

Unexplained Infertility ◽

Receptor Expression ◽

Control Groups ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Control

Abstract Study question Does endogenous progesterone play a role in unexplained infertility? A systematic review investigating the possibility of altered progesterone-mediated change leading to reduced endometrial receptivity in women with unexplained infertility. Summary answer The evidence suggests that many of the measurable actions of endogenous progesterone are reduced in women with unexplained infertility when compared with controls. What is known already Unexplained infertility is the diagnosis given to heterosexual couples who fail to conceive despite normal semen analysis, regular ovulation and patent tubes. The underlying pathology is likely to relate to embryonic failure to implant. Endometrial receptivity is largely mediated by luteal phase progesterone which controls many different molecular pathways involved in secretory transformation. It is possible that defective actions of progesterone could contribute to this condition. To date however, there is minimal published literature on the role of progesterone in unexplained infertility. We therefore felt it important to combine the results of all trials measuring progesterone-related outcomes in unexplained infertility. Study design, size, duration A systematic review was performed using standard Cochrane methodology. We searched Medline, Embase and CINAHL databases from inception to December 2020 and additionally hand-searched. The study was prospectively registered on Prospero (CRD42020141041). The search strategy was designed to identify all types of primary research published in English that investigated women with unexplained infertility and reported outcomes that relate to progesterone. Newcastle Ottawa Scoring and NHLBI assessment of bias scoring was performed. Participants/materials, setting, methods The study population was women with unexplained infertility. Included studies had no controls, fertile controls or controls with other diagnoses associated with subfertility. Outcomes were either upstream affecting progesterone production/release or receptor expression or downstream measuring results of progesterone-mediated processes. The results were summarised in a narrative review. Meta-analysis was not possible due to varying methodological heterogeneity. Main results and the role of chance 36 studies were included. No difference was found in 18 studies in progesterone levels (serum, peritoneal and salivary) between women with unexplained infertility and control groups. Despite this, 32 of the 36 included studies demonstrated a significant difference between progesterone-mediated outcomes in the unexplained infertile and control groups. 5 ultrasound studies all reported increased resistance and decreased flow on doppler studies of uterine, ovarian and spiral arteries and reduced endometrial and sub-endometrial perfusion. No significant difference was found in luteal phase endometrial thickness in 2 studies. Endometrial dating was reported by 11 studies. 8/11 studies reported significantly higher numbers (20–38%) of ‘out-of-phase’ endometrium in women with unexplained infertility compared with controls. Endometrial biopsy results measuring different cell adhesion molecules, monoclonal antibodies and other molecules involved in endometrial transformation as well as expression of responsible genes and steroid hormone receptors were included. All the progesterone-mediated outcome measures listed above were reduced in unexplained infertile women except β3 integrin which reported contradictory results and SGK1 expression which was reported in 1 study. This trend towards support for the hypothesis may be more important than any individual finding. The quality of the included studies was variable and hence the strength of the recommendations moderate. Limitations, reasons for caution The number of studies measuring each outcome was limited. The study quality varied from good to poor. Methodological heterogeneity between studies prevented meta-analysis. The strength of the study however comes from the originality of the research, the variety of included outcomes and that 32/36 papers reported results supporting the hypothesis. Wider implications of the findings: The findings of this systematic review support the need for larger, well designed research on this topic. If altered progesterone-mediated receptivity is implicated in unexplained infertility, it may be possible to offer other therapeutic interventions to improve outcomes as an alternative or adjunct to standard fertility treatment. Trial registration number NA

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Determination of the role of polymorphic variants of the interferon-gamma gene (IFNG) in the development of tuberculosis in the Yakut population

Tuberculosis and lung diseases ◽

10.21292/2075-1230-2020-98-12-27-32 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 98 (12) ◽

pp. 27-32

Author(s):

L. I. Mordovskaya ◽

M. V. Egorova ◽

T. M. Klimova ◽

S. D. Аlekseeva

Keyword(s):

Venous Blood ◽

Statistical Processing ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Control Groups ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽

Polymorphic Variants ◽

And Control

The objective of the study: to determine the role of polymorphic variants T6000A (rs2430561), T8360C (rs2069718) of the IFNG gene in the development of tuberculosis in the population of Yakut nationality.Subjects and methods. The case-control study was conducted. The subject for the study was DNA samples from 172 tuberculosis patients (the case group) and 367 people with an excluded diagnosis of tuberculosis (the control group). All participants of the study belonged to Yakut nationality. For genotyping, DNA was isolated from venous blood. The genotyping was performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. For statistical processing, Pearson's χ2 test and odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals were used.The results of the study showed that the distribution of genotypes of polymorphisms T6000A (rs2430561), T8360C (rs2069718) of the IFNG gene in the case and control groups corresponded to the Hardy – Weinberg equilibrium. There was no statistically significant difference in frequencies of alleles and genotypes of polymorphisms T6000A (rs2430561), T8360C (rs2069718) of the IFNG gene in the patients from the case and control groups.Conclusions. The results of the study did not reveal the association of alleles and genotypes of the rs2430561 and rs2069718 polymorphic variants of the IFNG gene with the risk of developing tuberculosis for people of Yakut nationality.

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Gonadal Differentiation of Nilem Fish (Osteochilus vittatus) Utilizing Temperature Treatment

BIOEDUSCIENCE ◽

10.22236/j.bes/425704 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 143-147

Author(s):

Aulidya Nurul Habibah ◽

Rika P.C. Pertiwi ◽

Titi Chasanah

Keyword(s):

Room Temperature ◽

Gonad Development ◽

Fish Length ◽

Gonadal Differentiation ◽

Control Groups ◽

Gonad Differentiation ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Fish Survival ◽

And Control ◽

All Treatment

Background: Gonad differentiation in some teleostei is a critical phase of gonad development. Gonad differentiation in some fish such as the tilapia group is influenced by environmental factors, namely temperature. The aim of this study was to determine the differentiation process of Nilem fish gonads (Osteochilus vittatus) under the influence of temperature. Methods: One day after fertilization (days postfertilization/dpf) fish were exposed to different medium temperature ranges, namely: 28-29 oC, 30-31 oC, 32-33 oC, and room temperature as a control for 35 days. The percentage of fish survival was calculated on the 35th day by calculating the number of surviving fish divided by the total number of fish in 1 tank times 100%. Thirty fish in each treatment were measured for body length at day 10 dpf and day 35 dpf to determine fish growth. Six fish 35 dpf from each treatment were fixed in 70% alcohol for making histological preparations using the paraffin method, Haematoxylin-Eosin staining. Fish survival data growth data in the form of fish length were analyzed using Anova. Gonadal differentiation data were analyzed descriptively. Results: There was no significant difference in the growth of fish in all treatment and control groups. The average survival rate of fish in all treatment and control groups was 100%. Observation of the gonads showed that the gonads were not differentiated in all treatment and control groups. Conclusion: The room temperature range up to 33 oC supports the growth of Nilem fish with gonad development in the indifferent gonad stage.

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Effects of Virgin Coconut Oil as Adjunct Therapy in the Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis

Journal of Clinical and Health Sciences ◽

10.24191/jchs.v1i1.5850 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 22

Author(s):

Nazli Zainuddin ◽

Nurul Azira Mohd Shah ◽

Rosdan Salim

Keyword(s):

Allergic Rhinitis ◽

Side Effects ◽

Coconut Oil ◽

Test Group ◽

Nasal Symptom ◽

Control Group ◽

Virgin Coconut Oil ◽

Control Groups ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Control

Introduction: The role of virgin coconut oil in the treatment of allergic rhinitis is controversial. Thus, the aim of the present study is to determine the effects of virgin coconut oil ingestion, in addition to standard medications, on allergic rhinitis. We also studied the side effects of consumption of virgin coconut oil. Methods: Fifty two subjects were equally divided into test and control groups. All subjects received a daily dose of 10mg of loratadine for 28 days. The test group was given 10ml of virgin coconut oil three times a day in addition to loratadine. The symptoms of allergic rhinitis were scored at the beginning and end of the study. Results:, the symptom score were divided into nasal and non-nasal symptom scores. Sneezing score showed a significant difference, however the score was more in control group than test group, indicating that improvement in symptom was more in control group. The rest of the nasal symptom and non-nasal symptom score showed no significant difference between test and control groups. Approximately 58% of the test subjects developed side effects from consumption of virgin coconut oil, mainly gastrointestinal side effects. Conclusion: In the present study, ingestion of virgin coconut oil does not improve the overall and individual symptoms of allergic rhinitis, furthermore it has side effects.

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Stick Figure and Think, Talk And Write: Integrating Media With Teaching Strategy For A Better Writing Competence

IJER (Indonesian Journal of Educational Research) ◽

10.30631/ijer.v2i1.29 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 46

Author(s):

Eva Sudarwati ◽

Shynta Amalia

Keyword(s):

Teaching Strategy ◽

T Test ◽

Narrative Writing ◽

Control Groups ◽

Stick Figure ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

Mean Differences ◽

And Control ◽

Writing Competence

Abstract This study attempts to see the effect of Think, Talk, and Write strategy on the students’ narrative writing competence. Considering the importance of the use of teaching media, this study tries to integrate Stick Figure as a teaching media in Think, Talk, and Write Strategy. A quasi experimental study was conducted to see the improvement of the students’ narrative writing competence. It involved 42 students who were selected on the basis of convenience sampling and assigned into two groups; experimental and control groups. The statistical analyses of paired sample t-test in experimental group showed that there was significant improvement on the students’ writing competence before (M=5.77, SD= 2.342) and after (M= 11.79, SD= 2.342), t(21)=12.059, p<0.05.Moreover, the result of independent t-test between experimental and control groups showed a significant difference. It can be seen that the mean differences was 3.79545 and the significance value is lower than 0.05, 0.000<0.05.

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Impact of intrawound vancomycin powder on prevention of surgical site infection after posterior spinal surgery

Journal of Neurosurgery Spine ◽

10.3171/2020.8.spine20992 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Hiroki Ushirozako ◽

Tomohiko Hasegawa ◽

Yu Yamato ◽

Go Yoshida ◽

Tatsuya Yasuda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Propensity Score ◽

Spinal Surgery ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Groups ◽

Propensity Score Model ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Surgical Data ◽

Vancomycin Powder ◽

Vancomycin Group ◽

And Control

OBJECTIVESurgical site infection (SSI) after posterior spinal surgery is one of the severe complications that may occur despite administration of prophylactic antibiotics and the use of intraoperative aseptic precautions. The use of intrawound vancomycin powder for SSI prevention is still controversial, with a lack of high-quality and large-scale studies. The purpose of this retrospective study using a propensity score–matched analysis was to clarify whether intrawound vancomycin powder prevents SSI occurrence after spinal surgery.METHODSThe authors analyzed 1261 adult patients who underwent posterior spinal surgery between 2010 and 2018 (mean age 62.3 years; 506 men, 755 women; follow-up period at least 1 year). Baseline and surgical data were assessed. After a preliminary analysis, a propensity score model was established with adjustments for age, sex, type of disease, and previously reported risk factors for SSI. The SSI rates were compared between patients with intrawound vancomycin powder treatment (vancomycin group) and those without (control group).RESULTSIn a preliminary analysis of 1261 unmatched patients (623 patients in the vancomycin group and 638 patients in the control group), there were significant differences between the groups in age (p = 0.041), body mass index (p = 0.013), American Society of Anesthesiologists classification (p < 0.001), malnutrition (p = 0.001), revision status (p < 0.001), use of steroids (p = 0.019), use of anticoagulation (p = 0.033), length of surgery (p = 0.003), estimated blood loss (p < 0.001), and use of instrumentation (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in SSI rates between the vancomycin and control groups (21 SSIs [3.4%] vs 33 SSIs [5.2%]; OR 0.640, 95% CI 0.368–1.111; p = 0.114). Using a one-to-one propensity score–matched analysis, 444 pairs of patients from the vancomycin and control groups were selected. There was no significant difference in the baseline and surgical data, except for height (p = 0.046), between both groups. The C-statistic for the propensity score model was 0.702. In the score-matched analysis, 12 (2.7%) and 24 (5.4%) patients in the vancomycin and control groups, respectively, developed SSIs (OR 0.486, 95% CI 0.243–0.972; p = 0.041). There were no systemic complications related to the use of vancomycin.CONCLUSIONSThe current study showed that intrawound vancomycin powder was useful in reducing the risk of SSI after posterior spinal surgery by half, without adverse events. Intrawound vancomycin powder use is a safe and effective procedure for SSI prevention.

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Investigation of the Association Between Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness (IMT) and Cardiac Risk Factors in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Current Rheumatology Reviews ◽

10.2174/1573397116666191217122030 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 125-133

Author(s):

Zahra Rezaieyazdi ◽

Sima Sedighi ◽

Masoumeh Salari ◽

Mohammadreza H. Fard ◽

Mahmoud R. Azarpazhooh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Lupus Erythematosus ◽

Serum Insulin ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Test Group ◽

Control Groups ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

And Control

Background: The relationship between SLE and traditional risk factors for cardiovascular events was evaluated. Methods: The data regarding sixty patients with SLE and 30 healthy controls (age and sex matched) were gathered using SLEDAI forms. Venous blood (10mL) from all the participants was examined for hs-CRP, homocysteine, VCAM1, CBC, anti-DNA antibody, C3, C4, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), cholesterol, FBS and triglyceride. : The IMT of carotid arteries was determined bilaterally by ultrasound. Other measurements included insulin levels via Elisa (Linco/Millipore Corp) and the HOMA-IR index for insulin resistance. Results: The mean age (in years) in the test and control groups was 28.8±10.3 (18-52) and 33.8±9.13 (18-48), respectively. Results: The mean age (in years) in the test and control groups was 28.8±10.3 (18-52) and 33.8±9.13 (18-48), respectively. : The average IMT in the test group was directly related to serum levels of VCAM1 (p<0.001), homocysteine (p<0.001), cholesterol (p<0.009), LDL (p<0.001), TG (p<0.001), and FPG (p=0.004). The association between other risk factors, insulin resistance, carotid IMT and SLEDAI, was nonexistent. Mean insulin and insulin resistance levels in all the participants were 0.43±2.06 µU/mL and 0.09±0.44, respectively. There was no significant difference between the test and control groups regarding serum insulin and insulin resistance levels (p=0.42 and p=0.9, respectively). None of the risk factors, such as hsCRP, VCAM1, or homocysteine, were shown to be related to insulin resistance (p=0.6, p=0.6, p=0.09, respectively). Conclusion:: Our findings did not show an increase in the prevalence of atherosclerosis in patients with SLE. There was no association between IMT and insulin resistance. However, the former was associated with FPG, total cholesterol, LDL, TG, homocystein and VCAM1.

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