scholarly journals Roosting ecology and morphometric analysis of Pteropus medius (Indian flying fox) in Lower Dir, district, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Khan ◽  
N.N. Nisa ◽  
A. R. Khan ◽  
B. Rahbar ◽  
S.A. Mehmood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wing Length ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Melia Azedarach ◽  
Grevillea Robusta ◽  
Maximum Width ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Roosting Ecology ◽  
Morus Nigra ◽  
Platanus Orientalis ◽  
Flying Fox

Abstract The present study was conducted to explore morphometric variations of Pteropus medius (the Indian flying fox) and the roosting trees in Lower Dir, Pakistan. The bats were captured from Morus alba, Morus nigra, Brousonetia papyrifera, Pinus raxburghii, Hevea brasiliensis, Platanus orientalis, Populous nigra, Melia azedarach, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Grevillea robusta through sling shot and mess net methods. A total of 12 bats were studied for the differential morphological features based on age and sex. Male bats were recorded higher in weight than females. The variations were found in body mass (821.1±34.65gm), circumference of body with wings (25.43±0.39cm), wingspan (112.58±1.90cm), Body length (20.73±0.68cm), Snout length (3.42±0.04cm), Eye length (1.45±0.033cm), Length of ear (3.56±0.05cm), Width of ear (2.46±0.04cm), Length b/w ear (5.51±0.11cm), Circumference of neck (12.23±0.24cm), Circumference of body without wings (18.68±0.31cm), Arm wing length (23.2±1.03cm), Length of thumb (5.43±0.1cm), Length of nail (1.89±0.05cm), Hand wing length (29.1±0.51cm), Maximum width of wing (21.03±0.68cm), Length b/w tip of wing to 5th digit (29.39±0.30cm), Length b/w 5th digit to foot (22.97±1.09cm), Length b/w feet (18.31±0.74cm) and Length of foot claw (4.23±0.05cm). This study was designed for analysis of external morphological variations for P. medius (the Indian flying fox) that may help in identification of these bats and their roosting sites.

Assessment of Tolerance of Some Tree Species to Air Contamination Using Air Pollution Tolerance and Anticipated Performance Indices in Isfahan City, Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-44
Author(s):  
Masoud Hatamimanesh ◽  
◽  
Samar Mortazavi ◽  
Eisa Solgi ◽  
Ahmad Mohtadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Ailanthus Altissima ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Air Contamination ◽  
Pollution Tolerance ◽  
Morus Nigra ◽  
Platanus Orientalis ◽  
Anticipated Performance Index

Background: In the present study, the tolerance of plantain tree species (Platanus orientalis, Morus nigra and Ailanthus altissima) to air pollution was evaluated using Air Pollution Tolerance Index (ATPI) and Anticipated Performance Index (API) index in Isfahan city (Iran). Methods: For this purpose, three dominant trees growing at six stations in Isfahan was selected and then sampling of the tree leaves was performed, after being transferred to the laboratory, the ATPI and API index were calculated. Results: The results of calculating the ATPI in the leaves of M. nigra, P. orientalis and A. altissima species showed that the highest values of ATPI index was obtained in M. nigra at 20.77 and then detected in P. orientalis and A. altissima with the values 14.90 and 14.33 respectively. According to API values Morus nigra had the best performance (Score = 6 so it classified as the Excellent) while P. orientalis and A. altissima had very good and intermediate performance, respectively. Conclusion: According to ATPI and API index most tolerant tree species was Morus nigra, so it would be the most suitable species for plantation programme in urban and pollutant areas followed by Platanus orientalis and Ailanthus altissima. As well as our results suggest that Platanus orientalis and Ailanthus altissima can be used as bio-indicators of air pollution due to their low ATPI scores (lower than 16). The present study suggests that the combination of both the ATPI and API indices for identifying and selection of plant species is very useful for plantation in urban areas.

PLANTAS INVASORAS ENCONTRADAS NA ÁREA URBANA DE CURITIBA (PR)

FLORESTA ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Biondi ◽  
José Henrique Pedrosa-Macedo
Keyword(s):  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Eriobotrya Japonica ◽  
Melia Azedarach ◽  
Citrus Limon ◽  
Cirsium Vulgare ◽  
Morus Nigra ◽  
Schizolobium Parahyba

A grande maioria das espécies invasoras nas áreas urbanas é introduzida pela população e pelos órgãos públicos. Muitas delas, quando plantadas excessivamente, podem gerar problemas ambientais muito graves, principalmente como ameaça às plantas nativas remanescentes, por ocupar seu espaço. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar o potencial invasor da vegetação urbana da cidade de Curitiba, com base numa amostragem aleatória composta de setenta unidades distribuídas em cinco condições espaciais diferentes – ruas, parques, praças, terrenos baldios e jardins – em quarenta e cinco bairros diferentes, e levando-se em consideração o crescimento demográfico e a evolução da ocupação urbana de Curitiba. Das 370 espécies amostradas na área urbana de Curitiba, 155 espécies (42%) são consideradas invasoras por algum país e 21 espécies (5,7%) são consideradas invasoras no Brasil (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban, Chrysanthemum myconis L., Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Tem., Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f., Crocosmia x crocosmaeflora Lem., Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., Cyperus rotundus L., Dracaena fragrans Ker-Gawl., Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees, Eriobotrya japonica Lindl., Impatiens walleriana Hook. f., Ligustrum lucidum Aiton., Melia azedarach Blanco, Morus nigra L., Ophiopogon japonicum Ker-Gawl., Passiflora alata (Dryand.) Ait., Psidium guajava L., Schizolobium parahyba (Vell.) Blake, Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw., Tradescantia fluminensis Vell. e Tradescantia zebrina Hort. ex Bosse). Destas espécies, 8 são invasoras (2,2%) na região de Curitiba (Cirsium vulgare, Eriobotrya japonica, Melia azedarach, Morus nigra, Ophiopogon japonicum, Psidium guajava e Tradescantia zebrina).

scholarly journals Conventional wisdom on roosting behaviour of Australian flying foxes -- a critical review, and evaluation using new data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamika Lunn ◽  
Peggy Eby ◽  
Remy Brooks ◽  
Hamish McCallum ◽  
Raina Plowright ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Habitat Modification ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Flying Foxes ◽  
Roosting Ecology ◽  
Roost Trees ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Flying Fox

1. Fruit bats (Family: Pteropodidae) are animals of great ecological and economic importance, yet their populations are threatened by ongoing habitat loss and human persecution. A lack of ecological knowledge for the vast majority of Pteropodid bat species presents additional challenges for their conservation and management. 2. In Australia, populations of flying-fox species (Genus: Pteropus) are declining and management approaches are highly contentious. Australian flying-fox roosts are exposed to management regimes involving habitat modification, either through human-wildlife conflict management policies, or vegetation restoration programs. Details on the fine-scale roosting ecology of flying-foxes are not sufficiently known to provide evidence-based guidance for these regimes and the impact on flying-foxes of these habitat modifications is poorly understood. 3. We seek to identify and test commonly held understandings about the roosting ecology of Australian flying-foxes to inform practical recommendations and guide and refine management practices at flying-fox roosts. 4. We identify 31 statements relevant to understanding of flying-fox roosting structure, and synthesise these in the context of existing literature. We then contribute contemporary data on the fine-scale roosting structure of flying-fox species in south-eastern Queensland and north-eastern New South Wales, presenting a 13-month dataset from 2,522 spatially referenced roost trees across eight sites. 5. We show evidence of sympatry and indirect competition between species, including spatial segregation of black and grey-headed flying-foxes within roosts and seasonal displacement of both species by little red flying-foxes. We demonstrate roost-specific annual trends in occupancy and abundance and provide updated demographic information including the spatial and temporal distributions of males and females within roosts. 6. Insights from our systematic and quantitative study will be important to guide evidence-based recommendations on restoration and management and will be crucial for the implementation of priority recovery actions for the preservation of these species into the future.

scholarly journals New records in vascular plants alien to Tenerife (Spain, Canary Islands)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filip Verloove
Keyword(s):  
Canary Islands ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
New Records ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Grevillea Robusta ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Commelina Benghalensis ◽  
Lippia Alba ◽  
First Time

Recent fieldwork by the author in Tenerife, mostly between 2014 and 2019, yielded new records of alien vascular plants. Fifteen taxa (Acacia decurrens, A. mearnsii, Caesalpinia pulcherrima, Ensete ventricosum, Eucalyptus camaldulensis subsp. arida, E. cladocalyx, Euryops chrysanthemoides, Ficus elastica, Lippia alba, Pavonia sepioides, Pittosporum tobira, Populus × canadensis, Pyrostegia venusta, Ruellia dipteracanthus and Wigandia kunthii) are reported for the first time from the Canary Islands. All were initially introduced on purpose, mostly as ornamentals, and recently started to escape from cultivation. Most of them are ephemerals or only locally established, but nearly all have the potential to naturalise in the future. Thirteen additional species are reported for the first time from Tenerife: Atriplex nummularia, Bellis perennis, Chenopodium probstii, Coccoloba uvifera, Commelina benghalensis, Cuphea hyssopifolia, Eragrostis virescens, Lemna minuta, Malvastrum corchorifolium, Plerandra elegantissima, Psidium guajava, Thunbergia alata and Urochloa subquadripara. Finally, some miscellaneous notes are provided on the presence of Balanites aegyptiaca, Callistemon viminalis, Grevillea robusta and Passiflora caerulea in Tenerife.

scholarly journals New records in vascular plants alien to Tenerife (Spain, Canary Islands)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filip Verloove
Keyword(s):  
Canary Islands ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
New Records ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Grevillea Robusta ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Commelina Benghalensis ◽  
Lippia Alba ◽  
First Time

Recent fieldwork by the author in Tenerife, mostly between 2014 and 2019, yielded new records of alien vascular plants. Seventeen taxa (Acacia decurrens, A. mearnsii, Brachychiton diversifolius, Caesalpinia pulcherrima, Ensete ventricosum, Eucalyptus camaldulensis subsp. arida, E. cladocalyx, Euryops chrysanthemoides, Ficus elastica, Lippia alba, Pavonia sepioides, Pittosporum tobira, Populus ×canadensis, Pyrostegia venusta, Ruellia dipteracanthus, Soleirolia soleirolii and Wigandia kunthii) are reported for the first time from the Canary Islands. All were initially introduced on purpose, mostly as ornamentals, and recently started to escape from cultivation. Most of them are ephemerals or only locally established but nearly all have the potential to naturalize in the future. Thirteen additional species are reported for the first time from Tenerife: Atriplex nummularia, Bellis perennis, Chenopodium probstii, Coccoloba uvifera, Commelina benghalensis, Cuphea hyssopifolia, Eragrostis virescens, Lemna minuta, Malvastrum corchorifolium, Plerandra elegantissima, Psidium guajava, Thunbergia alata and Urochloa subquadripara. Finally, some miscellaneous notes are provided on the presence of Balanites aegyptiaca, Callistemon viminalis, Grevillea robusta and Passiflora caerulea in Tenerife.

scholarly journals Cryptococcus neoformans recovered from olive trees (Olea europaea) in Turkey reveal allopatry with African and South American lineages

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Çağrı Ergin ◽  
Mustafa Şengül ◽  
Levent Aksoy ◽  
Aylin Döğen ◽  
Sheng Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cryptococcus Neoformans ◽  
Olea Europaea ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Columba Livia ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Platanus Orientalis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Olea Europaéa

ABSTRACTCryptococcus species are life-threatening human fungal pathogens that cause cryptococcal meningoencephalitis in both immunocompromised and healthy hosts. The natural environmental niches of Cryptococcus include pigeon (Columba livia) guano, soil, and a variety of tree species such as Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Ceratonia siliqua, Platanus orientalis, and Pinus spp. Genetic and genomic studies of extensive sample collections have provided insights into the population distribution and composition of different Cryptococcus species in geographic regions around the world. However, few such studies examined Cryptococcus in Turkey. We sampled 388 Olea europaea (olive) and 132 E. camaldulensis trees from 7 locations in coastal and inland areas of the Aegean region of Anatolian Turkey in September 2016 to investigate the distribution and genetic diversity present in the natural Cryptococcus population. We isolated 84 Cryptococcus neoformans strains (83 MATα and 1 MATa) and 3 Cryptococcus deneoformans strains (all MATa) from 87 (22.4% of surveyed) O. europaea trees; a total of 32 C. neoformans strains were isolated from 32 (24.2%) of the E. camaldulensis trees, all of which were MATα. A statistically significant difference was observed in the frequency of C. neoformans isolation between coastal and inland areas (P < 0.05). Thus, O. europaea trees could represent a novel niche for C. neoformans. Interestingly, the MATaC. neoformans isolate was fertile in laboratory crosses with VNI and VNB MATα tester strains and produced robust hyphae, basidia, and basidiospores, thus suggesting potential sexual reproduction in the natural population. Sequencing analyses of the URA5 gene identified at least 5 different genotypes among the isolates. Population genetics and genomic analyses revealed that most of the isolates in Turkey belong to the VNBII lineage of C. neoformans, which is predominantly found in southern Africa; these isolates are part of a distinct minor clade within VNBII that includes several isolates from Zambia and Brazil. Our study provides insights into the geographic distribution of different C. neoformans lineages in the Mediterranean region and highlights the need for wider geographic sampling to gain a better understanding of the natural habitats, migration, epidemiology, and evolution of this important human fungal pathogen.

scholarly journals Morphometric study of the posterior arch of atlas vertebra in the Serbian population

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 250-255
Author(s):  
Radmila Peric ◽  
Bojana Krstonosic ◽  
Ivana Starcevic
Keyword(s):  
Vertebral Artery ◽  
Cervical Vertebra ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Posterior Arch ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Maximum Width ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Superior Surface

Introduction. Groove for the vertebral artery and the suboccipital nerve, is located on the superior surface of the posterior arch of the first cervical vertebra (the atlas). Presence of bony variations may transform the groove into incomplete/complete canal, causing compression of its structures and consequently symptoms of vertebro-basilar insufficiency. The aim of the present study was to determine the incidence and extent of morphological variations of the posterior arch of the atlas vertebra. Material and Methods. The investigation was conducted on 41 atlas vertebrae, part of the Osteological Collection of the Department of Anatomy of the Faculty of Medicine in Novi Sad and the Faculty of Medicine in Nis. According to the shape of the posterior arch, the atlas vertebrae were classified into three classes. The measurements of maximum width and height diameters of the incomplete/complete canal for the vertebral artery were performed. All the measurements were done using open source software for image analysis, Image J. Results. The results of the study showed that in our sample of atlases the most common class was class I (78.05%), and class III the least frequent (7.32%). There was no statistically significant difference in the observed measurements of the atlas anatomical variations between the right and left side. Conclusion. Morphometric analysis of the superior surface of the posterior arch of the atlas vertebra has shown the existence of variations and their importance has been discussed.

scholarly journals Impact of planting density on wheat crop grown under different tree species in tarai agroforestry system of central himalaya, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
Kavita Satyawali ◽  
Sumit Chaturvedi ◽  
Neema Bisht ◽  
V.C. Dhyani
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Agroforestry System ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Melia Azedarach ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Yield Attributes

A field trial based Agroforestry system was established at Pantnagar during Rabi season 2012-13 for predicting the effect of spacing on growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Melia azedarach. The experiment was carried out in split-plot design consisting of two tree species in main plot, viz, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Melia azedarch and four spacing treatments in sub-plot viz, 3.0m×1.0m, 3.0m×1.5m, 3.0m×2.0m and 3.0m×2.5m with three replications. The wheat crop variety“UP-2338” was sown on December 06, 2012 and harvested on April 27, 2013. Among the tree species, the maximum (15.1 q /ha) and significantly higher grain yield with 21.8% increment was recorded under Melia as compare to Eucalyptus. Whereas, among the different spacings, the wheat growth in terms of dry biomass at 120 DAS (495.4/m2 ), yield attributes and yield in terms of grain (16.0 q/ha), straw (29.4 q/ha) and biological yield (45.4 q/ha) under Melia was significantly higher at 3 × 2.5 m spacing as compared to other planting density. The correlation coefficient (r) studies exhibited that wheat growth and yield attributing characteristics shows significantly (p<0.05) high degree (r=0.75 to 1) positive correlation with each other. The investigation was done to find out the proper planting density for intercropping of wheat with tree species without comprising the wheat growth and enhancing its sustainability.

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