scholarly journals Morphometric study of the posterior arch of atlas vertebra in the Serbian population

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 250-255
Author(s):  
Radmila Peric ◽  
Bojana Krstonosic ◽  
Ivana Starcevic
Keyword(s):  
Vertebral Artery ◽  
Cervical Vertebra ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Posterior Arch ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Maximum Width ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Superior Surface

Introduction. Groove for the vertebral artery and the suboccipital nerve, is located on the superior surface of the posterior arch of the first cervical vertebra (the atlas). Presence of bony variations may transform the groove into incomplete/complete canal, causing compression of its structures and consequently symptoms of vertebro-basilar insufficiency. The aim of the present study was to determine the incidence and extent of morphological variations of the posterior arch of the atlas vertebra. Material and Methods. The investigation was conducted on 41 atlas vertebrae, part of the Osteological Collection of the Department of Anatomy of the Faculty of Medicine in Novi Sad and the Faculty of Medicine in Nis. According to the shape of the posterior arch, the atlas vertebrae were classified into three classes. The measurements of maximum width and height diameters of the incomplete/complete canal for the vertebral artery were performed. All the measurements were done using open source software for image analysis, Image J. Results. The results of the study showed that in our sample of atlases the most common class was class I (78.05%), and class III the least frequent (7.32%). There was no statistically significant difference in the observed measurements of the atlas anatomical variations between the right and left side. Conclusion. Morphometric analysis of the superior surface of the posterior arch of the atlas vertebra has shown the existence of variations and their importance has been discussed.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Skeletotopy Variation of the Atlas and Vertebral Arteries Among Lithuanians and Its Significance for Physical Medicine Procedures and Rehabilitation

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rimvydas Stropus ◽  
Ernesta Naujokaitė ◽  
Ieva Sakalauskaitė
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Vertebral Artery ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Posterior Arch ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Physical Medicine ◽  
Ponticulus Posticus ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Orthodontic Patients

Research background. Vertebral artery relation with atlas anatomical variations can lead to sensomotor disorders of head and neck, and vertebrobasilar insuffciency. Kimmerle’s anomaly, a bony ring around vertebral artery, is also known as a risk factor for physical medicine procedures. To the best of our knowledge, this is the frst study of Ponticulus posticus prevalence in Lithuania. Aim. The research aim was to investigate the prevalence of skeletotopy variations of the posterior arch and vertebral artery among Lithuanian orthodontic patients of various ages and both genders. Research methods. We randomly selected 870 digital lateral cephalograms of Lithuanian orthodontic patients of various ages and both genders. 706 images with good visualization of VA bony socket shadow on the superior surface of the atlas posterior arch were chosen for the investigation. According to the degree of depth of the bony socket we categorized them into three variations: sulcus, groove and bony ring. If contours around VA of bony arch were equal or greater than 180°, we included those cases into the group of bony groove. Research results. We estimated predominance of sulcus (67.6%) of bony socket variations. A bony groove of various depths was found in 24.0% and a bony ring was found in 7.5% of the subjects studied. Vertebral artery groove was found to be more prevalent in females than in males and bony ring was more common in males than in females, but there was no signifcant difference (p > 0.05). Statistically signifcant predominace of bony ring in the age group of 17–20 years (13.2%) was observed and it was higher than in the age group of 8–16 years (5.1%) (p < 0.05). Conclusions. 1. Variations of bony socket including sulcus, groove, and bony ring (Kimmerle’s anomaly) develop in adolescence when ossifcation is most active. 2. The bony ring and semi open groove, which limit mobility of distal part of the vertebral artery, can be a risk factor of physical medicine procedures, especially in the elderly, whose artery walls are less elastic.Keywords: Ponticulus posticus, Kimmerle’s anomaly, atlas, vertebral artery, manual therapy of neck.

scholarly journals Morphometric Study of Uncinate Process of Cervical Vertebra and Its Surgical Importance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Durga P. ◽  
Dakshayani K. R.
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Cervical Vertebra ◽  
Spinal Nerve ◽  
Uncinate Process ◽  
The Body ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Intervertebral Foramen ◽  
Superior Surface ◽  
Type 3

Abstract Introduction Uncinate process is a projection on the posterolateral margins of the superior surface of the body of cervical vertebra. They are involved in uncovertabral (Luschka’s) joints, with intervertebral foramen in between, which is related to the vertebral artery and spinal nerve roots. Osteophytes of uncinate process cause narrowing of intervertebral foramen, resulting in cervical spondylotic radiopathy. Objectives To measure the morphometric parameters of the uncinate process of cervical vertebra. To classify cervical vertebra on the basis of the encroachment of uncinate process on the adjacent intervertebral foramen. Materials and Methods 100 dry cervical vertebrae were obtained from regions in and around Mysore, Karnataka, India. Measurements were taken using digital Vernier callipers. Results Mean average values of the parameters are: width–3.389 ± 0.83 mm (right), 3.389 ± 0.86 mm (left); length–10.42 ± 1.46 mm (right), 10.64 ± 1.88 mm (left); height- 5.32 ± 1.36 mm (right), 5.21 ± 1.16 mm (left). Classification of uncinate process: Type 1 (no encroachment)–82%; Type 2 (inclined and encroached)–12%; Type 3 (not inclined, but large enough to encroach)–6% Conclusion Comparing the results of the present study with previous studies in different regions will help the neurosurgeons in determining the boundaries of uncinate process and allow adequate decompression of neural elements, with reduced risk of neurovascular structures during anterior decompression of spine.

Posterolateral protrusion of the vertebral artery over the posterior arch of the atlas: quantitative anatomical study using three-dimensional computed tomography angiography

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Yamaguchi ◽  
Kuniki Eguchi ◽  
Yoshihiro Kiura ◽  
Masaaki Takeda ◽  
Kaoru Kurisu
Keyword(s):  
Vertebral Artery ◽  
Ct Angiography ◽  
Preoperative Evaluation ◽  
Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Posterior Arch ◽  
Outer Cortex ◽  
The Right ◽  
Dominant Side

Object The vertebral artery (VA) often takes a protrusive course posterolaterally over the posterior arch of the atlas. In this study, the authors attempted to quantify this posterolateral protrusion of the VA. Methods Three-dimensional CT angiography images obtained for various cranial or cervical diseases in 140 patients were reviewed and evaluated. Seven patients were excluded for various reasons. To quantify the protrusive course of the VA, the diameter of the VA and 4 parameters were measured in images of the C1–VA complex obtained in the remaining 133 patients. The authors also checked for anomalies and anatomical variations. Results When there was no dominant side, mean distances from the most protrusive part of the VA to the posterior arch of the atlas were 6.73 ± 2.35 mm (right) and 6.8 ± 2.15 mm (left). When the left side of the VA was dominant, the distance on the left side (8.46 ± 2.00 mm) was significantly larger than that of the right side (6.64 ± 2.0 mm). When compared by age group (≤ 30 years, 31–60 years, and ≥ 61 years), there were no significant differences in the extent of the protrusion. When there was no dominant side, the mean distances from the most protrusive part of the VA to the midline were 30.73 ± 2.51 mm (right side) and 30.79 ± 2.47 mm (left side). When the left side of the VA was dominant, the distance on the left side (32.68 ± 2.03 mm) was significantly larger than that on the right side (29.87 ± 2.53 mm). The distance from the midline to the intersection of the VA and inner cortex of the posterior arch of the atlas was ~ 12 mm, irrespective of the side of VA dominance. The distance from the midline to the intersection of the VA and outer cortex of the posterior arch was ~ 20 mm on both sides. Anatomical variations and anomalies were found as follows: bony bridge formation over the groove for the VA on the posterior arch of C-1 (9.3%), an extracranial origin of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (8.2%), and a VA passing beneath the posterior arch of the atlas (1.8%). Conclusions There may be significant variation in the location and branches of the VA that may place the vessel at risk during surgical intervention. If concern is noted about the vulnerability of the VA or its branches during surgery, preoperative evaluation by CT angiography should be considered.

scholarly journals Association between Anatomical Variations and Maxillary Canine Impaction: A Retrospective Study in Orthodontics

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 5638
Author(s):  
Marco Pasini ◽  
Maria Rita Giuca ◽  
Sara Ligori ◽  
Stefano Mummolo ◽  
Fabiana Fiasca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Sella Turcica ◽  
Logistic Models ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Posterior Arch ◽  
Maxillary Canine ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significant Difference

This study aims to evaluate whether or not there is a higher prevalence of skeletal abnormalities in subjects with maxillary canine impaction (MCI). This retrospective study was performed on 67 subjects with maxillary canine impaction (test group) and on 67 patients without dental displacement (control group). Sella turcica bridging (SB), ponticulus posticus (PP), atlas posterior arch deficiency (APAD) and the morphology of sella turcica and pterygopalatine fissure were evaluated on lateral cephalometric radiographs. Statistical analysis was performed using chi-square, Mann–Whitney test and multivariate logistic models; the level of significance was p < 0.05. Results showed that in the test and control groups 87% and 62.7% of patients had SB, respectively. PP was observed in 60% of patients in the test group and in 16.4% of patients in the control group. APAD was observed in 9% of test group and in 4.5% of the control group. Skeletal anomalies were significantly increased (p < 0.05) in subjects with MCI. A significant difference between the groups was observed in regards to the shape of the pterygopalatine fissure, found to be less wide and longer in the test group. SB, PP and APAD were higher in subjects with MCI; furthermore, an elongated pterygopalatine fissure was significantly associated with MCI.

scholarly journals Realistic high-resolution lateral cephalometric radiography generated by progressive growing generative adversarial network and quality evaluations

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingyu Kim ◽  
Sungchul Kim ◽  
Minjee Kim ◽  
Hyun-Jin Bae ◽  
Jae-Woo Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Class Imbalance ◽  
Cervical Vertebra ◽  
Turing Test ◽  
Generative Adversarial Networks ◽  
Posterior Arch ◽  
Generative Adversarial Network ◽  
Lateral Cephalogram ◽  
Adversarial Network ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
External Test

AbstractRealistic image generation is valuable in dental medicine, but still challenging for generative adversarial networks (GANs), which require large amounts of data to overcome the training instability. Thus, we generated lateral cephalogram X-ray images using a deep-learning-based progressive growing GAN (PGGAN). The quality of generated images was evaluated by three methods. First, signal-to-noise ratios of real/synthesized images, evaluated at the posterior arch region of the first cervical vertebra, showed no statistically significant difference (t-test, p = 0.211). Second, the results of an image Turing test, conducted by non-orthodontists and orthodontists for 100 randomly chosen images, indicated that they had difficulty in distinguishing whether the image was real or synthesized. Third, cephalometric tracing with 42 landmark points detection, performed on real and synthesized images by two expert orthodontists, showed consistency with mean difference of 2.08 ± 1.02 mm. Furthermore, convolutional neural network-based classification tasks were used to classify skeletal patterns using a real dataset with class imbalance and a dataset balanced with synthesized images. The classification accuracy for the latter case was increased by 1.5%/3.3% at internal/external test sets, respectively. Thus, the cephalometric images generated by PGGAN are sufficiently realistic and have potential to application in various fields of dental medicine.

scholarly journals An Anatomical Study of the Morphometric Differences between Complete Arcuate Foramina and Ipsilateral Foramina Transversaria in Human Atlas Vertebrae: Could these Be Responsible for Vaso-occlusive Symptoms?

2019 ◽  
Vol 08 (03) ◽  
pp. 106-111
Author(s):  
Monika Lalit ◽  
Anupama Mahajan ◽  
Sanjay Piplani ◽  
Jagdev S. Kullar
Keyword(s):  
Vertebral Artery ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Posterior Arch ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background and Aims Arcuate foramina (AF), the atlas bridges formed by a delicate bony spicule over the posterior arch of atlas, have been implicated in the compression of the vertebral artery during extreme rotation of head and neck movements. Reduction in the size of arcuate foramina as compared with foramen transversarium (FT) is also an important cause for the compression of vertebral artery. Aim of the present study was to determine the morphometric differences between complete AF and ipsilateral foramina transversaria. Materials and Methods Eighty dry adult human atlas vertebrae were obtained in the Department of Anatomy, Government Medical College and Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Amritsar, Punjab, India. Measurements were taken of the maximum dimensions of AF and ipsilateral FT and cross-sectional area was also calculated. Results The following results were obtained.The AF were seen in total 11 (13.75%) vertebrae, 3 (3.75%) on the right side, 6 (7.5%) on left side, and 2 (2.5%) bilateral.• The mean ventrodorsal (AFL) and superoinferior (AFH) diameter of AF was 8.79 mm and 5.98 mm, and 8.11 mm and 5.54 mm on the right and left sides, respectively, and the difference was found to be highly significant.• The mean ventrodorsal (FTL) and mediolateral (FTW) diameter of the FT 8.19 mm and 6.56 mm, and 7.31 mm and 6.86 mm on the right and left sides, respectively, with significant difference on the right side.• The mean cross-sectional area of AF was 41.32 mm2 and 35.38 mm2, and FT was 42.53 mm2 and 39.71 mm2 on the right and left sides, respectively, and AF has smaller area than ipsilateral FT. Conclusions Knowledge about the dimensions and cross-sectional area of the AF and ipsilateral foramina transversaria of the atlas vertebra can improve the success rate of surgeries, thus preventing damage to the adjoining vital structures.

scholarly journals Morphometric Analysis of Axis Vertebra in Northeastern Brazil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo de Souza Marques Filho ◽  
Ana Karoliny de Souza Gomes ◽  
João Pedro Maia Medeiros ◽  
Henrique Ribeiro Pessoa Cavalcanti ◽  
André Luiz Pinto Fabrício Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Cervical Vertebra ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Anatomical Landmarks ◽  
Anterior View ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Axis Vertebra ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Morphological Differences

Introduction: The axis is the second cervical vertebra and differs from the others by presenting particular anatomical landmarks. Morphological variations of the axis in different populations have clinical importance, since the lack of anatomical reference may compromise surgical procedures in this region. Objective: To analyze the morphometry of axis vertebra in northeastern Brazil. Methodology: Data collection was performed at the Federal University of Paraiba. Fifty-eight axis were used. Damaged or infantile vertebrae were excluded.Morphometric analysis was performed using a digital caliper and the data were statistically analyzed. Results were considered significant when p<0.05. Results: The width of the pars interarticulares was 9.25±1.68mm and the height was 7.37±1.87mm. The height of the dens of the axis in an anterior view was 16.29±1.82mm and the width was 9.41±0.86mm. The width of the articular face of the dens was 8.27±0.88mm. The anteroposterior length of the vertebral body was 15.29±2.02mm, the width was 16.79±1.68mm, and the height in anterior view was 19.96±2.48mm. The mean height of the vertebral lamina was 10.89±1.64mm and the anteroposterior length was 20.33±2.13mm. Significant difference was observed between right and left sides of anteroposterior length (p=0.012). Conclusion: Axis morphometry was shown for the first time in a specific population from northeastern Brazil. Morphological differences were observed in the present study and differ from others in the literature. These data may serve as guidance for professionals who will perform any procedures in this region, highlighting the importance of anatomical knowledge and its variations.

scholarly journals AGENESIS OF THE POSTERIOR ARCH OF THE ATLAS: AN INCIDENTAL FINDING IN A POLYTRAUMATIZED PATIENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-83
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Mota Pacheco Fernandes ◽  
Lucas Alves Sarmento Pires ◽  
Jorge Henrique Martins Manaia ◽  
Rafael Cisne de Paula ◽  
Marcio Antonio Babinski
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Incidental Finding ◽  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Cervical Vertebra ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Posterior Arch ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Emergency Team ◽  
Male Victim ◽  
Vehicle Collision

ABSTRACT The first cervical vertebra is subject to numerous anatomical variations. One of these is posterior arch agenesis, which is classified into five distinct morphological types. Together, all types of posterior arch agenesis comprise only 4% of atlas variations. Furthermore, complete agenesis of the posterior arch associated with the presence of the posterior tubercle is rare. This work reports a case of posterior arch agenesis with the presence of the posterior tubercle in a 33 year-old male victim of a motor vehicle collision. Despite being asymptomatic, this anatomical variation can present with headaches and neck pain. It is mostly found as an incidental finding in imaging studies performed by the emergency team and, as a result, it is often misdiagnosed as a C1 fracture. Knowledge of the variations relating to the first cervical vertebra is therefore essential to avoid delays in diagnosis and treatment of polytraumatized patients. Level of evidence V; Case report.

Association of Rugae Pattern with Skeletal Malocclusion in Orthodontic Patients Visiting Tertiary Care Hospital

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarwat Memon
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Skeletal Malocclusion ◽  
Palatal Rugae ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Orthodontic Patients

Background: The palatal rugae are special constructions that are inalterable in their position and pattern during the lifestyles of an individual. This imparts them an exceptional role in the forensic dentistry and may play potential role in malocclusion identification. This study was aimed to see association of rugae pattern with sagittal skeletal malocclusion in orthodontic patients visiting tertiary care hospital. Methods: This cross-sectional examination was completed on pretreatment records (lateral Cephalometric radiographs and maxillary dental casts) of 384 subjects at the orthodontic department of Ziauddin Dental Hospital, Karachi. The study duration was from January to July 2019. The samples were sub-divided into three sagittal skeletal groups based on ANB angle proposed by Steiner’s on lateral Cephalometric radiographs (Class I with ANB angle between 0° to 4°; Class II: ANB angle greater than 5°; Class III: ANB angle less than 0°). The shapes of three most-anterior primary rugae were then evaluated bilaterally using Kapali et al., Classification. Chi Square test was applied to find association of rugae pattern among sagittal skeletal malocclusions groups. Results: Circular and curved rugae shapes were the most prevalent in all skeletal malocclusions. The primary palatal rugae pattern was seen to be significantly different among three skeletal malocclusion groups (p<0.05). The right and left sided palatal rugae pattern showed significant difference in all three skeletal malocclusion groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: The present study showed no specific palatal rugae pattern associated with sagittal skeletal malocclusion. Further studies on larger sample and use of modern 3D technologies to scan the maxillary casts are required for results that are more precise.

scholarly journals FRI0431 PROFILE OF INFECTIOUS SPONDYLODISCITIS ACCORDING TO THE SITE: UNIFOCAL VERSUS MULTIFOCAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 814.3-814
Author(s):  
A. Ben Tekaya ◽  
L. Ben Ammar ◽  
M. Ben Hammamia ◽  
O. Saidane ◽  
S. Bouden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Problem ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
Cord Compression ◽  
Posterior Arch ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Infectious Spondylodiscitis ◽  
Vertebral Biopsy ◽  
Inflammatory Syndrome ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
A Current

Background:Infectious spondylodiscitis is a therapeutic emergency and is a current problem. It can affect the different levels of the spine. Multifocal forms, touching several floors, however remain rare.Objectives:To compare the clinical, biological, radiological and therapeutic aspects of unifocal versus multifocal spondylodiscitis.Methods:This is a retrospective study of 113 patients admitted to our service over a period of 20 years [1998-2018]. The diagnosis of spondylodiscitis was made on the basis of clinical, biological, radiological and bacteriological data. We have divided our population into two groups: unifocal and multifocal spondylodiscitis.Results:Spondylodiscitis was more frequently unifocal (75.2%) than multifocal (24.8%). The average age of the patients was 55.8 years. There were 62 men and 51 women. There was no difference in age and sex between the two groups (p=0.5 and p=0.8, respectively).Diabetes was more frequent in the group of multifocal spondylodiscitis but with no statistically significant difference (p=0.4). No statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding the start mode (p=0.7), the schedule (p=0.3), the presence of neurological signs (p=0.7), fever (p = 0.2), impaired general condition (p=0.6) and biological inflammatory syndrome (p=0.6).Cervical and dorsal spine involvement was more common in multifocal spondylodiscitis (p = 0.02 and p = 0.01; respectively). There were 11 spondylodiscitis involving 2 floors (cervical and dorsal: 2 cases, cervical and lumbar: 3 cases, dorsal and lumbar: 6 cases) and 3 spondylodiscitis involving 3 floors.Radiologically, the presence of vertebral fracture and involvement of the posterior arch was more frequent during the multifocal form (p=0.03 and p=0.001; respectively). The frequency of para-vertebral abscesses, epiduritis and the presence of spinal cord compression were similar in the two groups (p=0.6; p=0.7 and p=0.2, respectively).Tuberculosis was more frequent during the multifocal form (p = 0.05) and brucellosis during the unifocal form (p = 0.03). Disco-vertebral biopsy was performed in 79 cases. It was more often contributory during multifocal spondylodiscitis (p = 0.03).The occurrence of immediate complications was more frequent in multifocal spondylodiscitis but with no statistically significant difference (p=0.2).Conclusion:Multifocal sppondylodiscitis is seen mainly in immunocompromised subjects. Our study found that diabetes is the most common factor in immunosuppression. Note also the predominance of involvement of the posterior elements, tuberculous origin and immediate complications.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document