scholarly journals Smoking and pulmonary tuberculosis treatment failure: a case-control study

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Pablo Aguilar ◽  
María B Arriaga ◽  
Monica Ninet Rodas ◽  
Eduardo Martins Netto
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Tuberculosis Treatment ◽  
Promote Smoking Cessation ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City ◽  
Control Study

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the association between smoking and pulmonary tuberculosis treatment failure. Methods: This was a case-control study conducted at the Brazilian Institute for Tuberculosis Research in the city of Salvador, Brazil, between 2007 and 2015. We evaluated 284 patients treated for pulmonary tuberculosis, comparing 50 cases of treatment failure with 234 control cases in which the final outcome was cure. Results: Treatment failure was attributed to smoking and age rather than to gender, income, level of education, alcohol consumption, or marital status. Therefore, even after adjustment for age, the risk of treatment failure was 2.1 times (95% CI: 1.1-4.1) higher among the patients with a history of smoking. In addition, being over 50 years of age was found to increase the likelihood of treatment failure by 2.8 times (95% CI: 1.4-6.0). Conclusions: Smoking and aging are both associated with pulmonary tuberculosis treatment failure. Therefore, as part of a tuberculosis control program, health personnel should be prepared to offer strategies to promote smoking cessation and should be more careful with older patients.

scholarly journals Determinants of Multi-drug resistant Tuberculosis in four treatment centers of Eastern Amhara, Ethiopia: A case-control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (05) ◽  
pp. 687-695
Author(s):  
Nuredin Oumer ◽  
Desta Debalkie Atnafu ◽  
Getasew Taddesse Worku ◽  
Asmamaw Ketemaw Tsehay
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Tuberculosis Treatment ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study

Introduction: Tuberculosis is the major global burden of disease contributing about 2% of the global challenges. Poor tuberculosis treatment increased risk of multi-drug resistance tuberculosis occurence. Thus, we aimed to identify determinants of mult-drug resistant tuberclosis in treatment centers of Eastern Amhara, Ethiopia. Methodology: Facility based unmatched case-control study was employed in East Amhara, Ethiopia. Cases were tuberculosis patients confirmed for mult-drug resistant tuberclosis while controls were tuberculosis patients with confirmed tuberculosis but susceptible to first line drugs. Respondents were selected using simple random sampling technique. Bivariable and multivariable analysis was conducted to identify diterminants at level of statistical significance p < 0.05. Results: We enrolled 450 tuberculosis patients. Rural residents (AOR = 3, 95% CI: 1.4-6.0; p = 0.024), family size greater than five (AOR = 3.7, 95% CI: 1.6–8.6; p = 0.0098), having single room (AOR = 4.1, 95% CI:1.8-9.0; p = 0.027), room without window (AOR = 3.8, 95% CI: 1.6-8.5); p = 0.043), contact history of known mult-drug resistant tuberclosis patient (AOR = 5.1, 95% CI: 2.2-12.0; p = 0.02), history of tuberculosis treatment (AOR = 5.7, 95%CI: 2.6-12.9; p = 0.008), window opening practice (AOR = 3.7, 95% CI: 1.4-9.8; p = 0.005), tuberculosis treatment failure (AOR = 7.3, 95% CI: 5.2-7.8; p = 0.035) and tuberculosis relapse (AOR = 5,95% CI: 1.6-15.2; p = 0.019) were determinants of mult-drug resistant tuberclosis. Conclusions: Socio-demographic (residence, family size), environmental (number of rooms, number of windows in a room, opening window practice) and clinical (history of tuberculosis treatment, treatment failure and having contact with known tuberculosis patient) variables were the identified determinants for increased multi-drug resistance tuberculosis.

scholarly journals Sociocultural and host factors related to extra-pulmonary tuberculosis in rural Bangladesh: A case control study

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
Md Rizwanul Karim ◽  
Md. Ashraful Alam ◽  
Shaikh Abdullah Al Mamun ◽  
Md. Anisur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Pulmonary Involvement ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Extra Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Extra Pulmonary ◽  
Control Study

Bangladesh ranks sixth among higher TB burden countries. Extra-pulmonary TB contributes 12% of all tuberculosis cases in 2008. Risk factors for EPTB in Bangladesh are hypothesized to be different from pulmonary tuberculosis as seen in other high-burden countries. A case control study was conducted to compare the sociodemographic, household condition and lifestyle characteristics between extra pulmonary and pulmonary tuberculosis. This case control study was conducted in thirteen sub districts of Pabna, Shirajgonj and Cox’s Bazar districts from January to June 2013. The samples were classified as either extra pulmonary tuberculosis EPTB (cases) or pulmonary tuberculosis PTB (controls). A total of 490 participants including 245 extra pulmonary tuberculosis (cases) and 245 pulmonary tuberculosis (controls), who were being enrolled in DOTS treatment for last six months, were interviewed for epidemiological and clinical information using a standardized questionnaire. Children, adolescent and younger adults had four-time higher risk of being manifested with extra pulmonary tuberculosis [Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 3.97; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.10 to 14.35] and (AOR 4.50; 95% CI 1.48 to 13.72). Respondents, who lived in their own houses showed three times more chance of getting extra pulmonary disease (AOR 3.11; 95% CI 1.15 to 8.39). Extra pulmonary tuberculosis was seven to eight times more likely to occur among those whose resided in bedrooms ventilated with one (p= .001) or more windows (p =.004) and having window shutter made of glasses or wood slit raised the probability of getting extra pulmonary involvement by twenty times. Households using grain husk and leaves as cooking fuel revealed seven times higher chance of being manifested as extra pulmonary tuberculosis (P <.001). Extra pulmonary cases were three times more common among respondents, who had no history of exposure with known tuberculosis cases than those who had frequent exposure history (AOR 3.01; 95% CI 1.24 to 7.34). Extra pulmonary tuberculosis was found 1.5 times more common among BCG vaccinated respondents than pulmonary tuberculosis (AOR 1.66; 95% CI 1.06 to 2.58). Younger age, house ownership, bedroom ventilation, fuel material used for cooking, contact history and BCG vaccination status might be the important risk factors for the extra pulmonary manifestation of tuberculosis relative to pulmonary tuberculosis.

scholarly journals The association between diabetes and thyroid cancer risk: a hospital-based case-control study in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Wang ◽  
Wei-Wei Gong ◽  
Feng Lu ◽  
Ru-Ying Hu ◽  
Qing-Fang He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Family History ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Diabetes Duration ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Thyroid Cancer Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Previous studies have indicated inconsistent relationships of diabetes with thyroid cancer risk, yet little is known in China. In this study, we aimed to investigate the associations between diabetes, diabetes duration and the risk of thyroid cancer in Chinese population. Methods A 1:1 matched case-control study was performed between 2015 and 2017 in Zhejiang Province including 2,937 thyroid cancer cases and 2,937 healthy controls. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) for thyroid cancer were estimated in logistic regression models. Specific effects stratified by age, as well as sex, body mass index (BMI) and family history of diabetes were also examined. Results Overall, neither diabetes (OR = 0.75, 95 % CI: 0.21–2.73) nor diabetes duration (OR = 0.14, 95 % CI: 0.02–1.22 for diabetes duration ≦ 5 years; OR = 2.10, 95 % CI: 0.32–13.94 for diabetes duration > 5 years) was significantly associated with thyroid cancer. In stratified analyses, significant lower risk of thyroid cancer was observed among subjects with diabetes and shorter diabetes duration ( ≦ 5 years), but limited to those who were aged more than 40 years, female, overweight/obese and had positive family history of diabetes. Conclusions Diabetes and shorter diabetes duration were significantly associated with decreased risk of thyroid cancer in individuals characterized by older age, female sex, higher BMI and positive family history of diabetes.

scholarly journals Blood-based host biomarker diagnostics in active case finding for pulmonary tuberculosis: A diagnostic case-control study

2021 ◽  
pp. 100776
Author(s):  
Flora Martinez Figueira Moreira ◽  
Renu Verma ◽  
Paulo Cesar Pereira dos Santos ◽  
Alessandra Leite ◽  
Andrea da Silva Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Case Finding ◽  
Active Case Finding ◽  
Active Case ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Association between infection with Campylobacter species, poor oral health and environmental risk factors on esophageal cancer: a hospital-based case–control study in Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arisara Poosari ◽  
Thitima Nutravong ◽  
Prakasit Sa-ngiamwibool ◽  
Wises Namwat ◽  
Supaporn Chatrchaiwiwatana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Poor Oral Hygiene ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study ◽  
History Of Cancer

Abstract Background Previous studies have shown the association between Campylobacter species infection and that environmental factors, poor oral hygiene in particular, are linked to an increased risk of esophageal cancer (EC). However, no study has reported on these factors in Thailand. Thus, this study’s objective was to evaluate the impact of the relationship between Campylobacter infection and environmental factors on EC incidence in the population of Thailand. Methods Data from a case–control study were collected from 105 newly diagnosed EC cases and 105 controls recruited from 2007 to 2017. Infection with Campylobacter spp. was detected in the formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue of EC taken from gastroesophageal biopsy specimens obtained from the participants, and evaluated using TaqMan® real-time PCR. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) and perform data analysis. Results Smoking, alcohol use, a family history of cancer, history of gastroesophageal reflux disease, poor oral hygiene and Campylobacter spp. infection were shown to be significant risk factors for EC (p  <  0.05). The combination of poor oral hygiene and infection with Campylobacter spp. constituted significant risk for EC (p  <  0.001). In addition, the risk of EC in subjects co-infected with C. rectus and C. concisus that practiced poor oral hygiene was even higher and was significant (ORadj  =  4.7; 95% CI 2.41–9.98; p  =  0.003). Conclusions In Thailand, the major risk factors for EC are smoking status, alcohol drinking, family history of cancer, GERD, poor oral hygiene and Campylobacter spp. infection. This study found Campylobacter spp. prevalence to be associated with EC and appears to be enhanced by poor oral hygiene, suggesting that a combination of poor oral hygiene and Campylobacter species infection may together act as an important etiological risk factor for EC.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Cardiovascular Risk of Selective and Nonselective Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors (COX-Is) in Arthritic Patients: A Comparative Matched Case Control Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-338
Author(s):  
N. Quraishi ◽  
U. Bhosale ◽  
R. Yegnanarayan ◽  
D. Devasthale
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors ◽  
History Of ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Matched Case Control Study ◽  
Control Study

This study was conducted to assess and compare the cardiovascular risk and to explore the demography of CV risk of nonselective cyclooxygenase inhibitors (COX-Is) and selective COX-2-Is in arthritic patients. In this comparative matched case control study adult arthritic patients of either sex taking COX-Is for >1 yr; were included. Arthritic age and sex matched individuals with no history of COX-Is treatment were the controls. Patients those with history of any other disease (e.g. diabetes, hypertension, stroke, IHD etc.) were excluded. Patients were grouped into Control, nonselective COX-I and selective COX-2-I groups. The CV risk factors like blood pressure, blood sugar level(BSL), lipid profile, BMI(body mass index) etc. were assessed and compared; demography of CV risk factors i.e. age, sex, smoking, alcohol, heredity was also studied. Qualitative data was analyzed using Chi-square and quantitative data was analyzed by student’s‘t’-test. Study clearly revealed that all NSAIDs exhibit significant CV risk when taken over a period of time as in arthritis. However selective COX 2-Is found to exhibit more CV risk in this regard. Odds ratio (OR) for CV risk=10.3(95% CI: 1.45, 3.31) and OR for CV risk=5.2(95%CI: 1.05, 2.57) for nonselective COX-Is. BMI, BSL and lipid profile; the potential CV risk factors, showed significant impairment in selective COX 2-Is group; P<0.05, P<0.05 and P<0.01 (HDL), P<0.001 (cholesterol), respectively compared to controls and P<0.05 compared to nonselective COX-Is. This study portrays the potential CV risk of selective COX 2-Is and confirms and re-evaluate the results of earlier studies in this regard.  Keywords: Anti-arthritic agents; BMI; COX-Is; CV risk; Lipid profile.  © 2014 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.  doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v6i2.17039 J. Sci. Res. 6 (2), 328-338 (2014)  

scholarly journals Detection of Atypical Porcine Pestivirus in Piglets from Danish Sow Herds

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 717
Author(s):  
Kasper Pedersen ◽  
Charlotte Sonne Kristensen ◽  
Bertel Strandbygaard ◽  
Anette Bøtner ◽  
Thomas Bruun Rasmussen
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Pig Production ◽  
History Of ◽  
Congenital Tremor ◽  
Control Study

Atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV) was first discovered in North America in 2015 and was later shown to be associated with congenital tremor (CT) in piglets. CT is an occasional challenge in some Danish sow herds. Therefore, we initiated an observational case control study to clarify a possible relationship between CT and APPV in Danish pig production. Blood samples were collected from piglets affected by CT (n = 55) in ten different sow herds and from healthy piglets in five sow herds without a history of CT piglets (n = 25), as well as one sow herd with a sporadic occurrence of CT (n = 5). APPV was detected by RT-qPCR in all samples from piglets affected by CT and in three out of five samples from piglets in the herd with a sporadic occurrence of CT. In the herds without a history of CT, only one out of 25 piglets were positive for APPV. In addition, farmers or veterinarians in CT-affected herds were asked about their experience of the issue. CT is most often seen in gilt litters, and a substantial increase in pre-weaning mortality is only observed in severe cases. According to our investigations, APPV is a common finding in piglets suffering from CT in Denmark.

Immune-response against Streptococcus pyogenes in the development of abdominal aortic aneurysm – A population-based case-control study

VASA ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanhainen ◽  
Rasmussen ◽  
Björck ◽  
Björck
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Abdominal Aortic ◽  
History Of ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Control Study

Background: In a population-based case-control study the association between antibodies to Streptococcus pyogenes antigens and the development of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) was analysed. Patients and methods: Forty-two patients with screening-detected AAA were compared to 100 age- and sex matched controls with normal aortas. Antibodies against three recently characterized cell wall-attached proteins of S. pyogenes (SclA, SclB and GRAB) were analysed in plasma samples obtained at screening (current), and in samples obtained from a study conducted 12 years previously on the same population (historical). Results: Historical antibody levels against the S. pyogenes antigen GRAB were significantly higher in AAA patients compared with controls (0.25 vs 0.17, p = 0.021). A similar trend was observed in current GRAB antibody levels (0.23 vs 0.17, p = 0.072). GRAB-antibody levels at age 60 years retained the association with AAA in a logistic regression model after adjustment for a history of atherosclerosis (OR 20.2, p = 0.022), current smoking (OR 21.4, p = 0.025) and family history of AAA (OR 12.9, p = 0.053). Current and historical antibody levels against SclA and SclB in AAA patients were similar to those in controls. Conclusions: The results indicate that the immune response against S. pyogenes protein GRAB may be involved in the pathogenesis of AAA.

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