scholarly journals CHANGES IN YIELD AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THREE-YEAR-OLD SHORT-ROTATION PLANTATIONS OF Dipteryx panamensis IN COSTA RICA

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johana Gaitán-Alvarez ◽  
Lidier Tencio ◽  
Roger Moya ◽  
Dagoberto Arias-Aguilar
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Tropical Species ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Dipteryx Panamensis ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
Annual Biomass ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Total Tree

ABSTRACT Research and implementation of energy crops using short-rotation woody species (SRWC) are increasing in Latin America, especially for biomass production and use in bioenergy. For this purpose, one of the main factors to consider is species assessment. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the growth characteristics, the production and distribution of biomass, and the chemical, physical, and energetic properties of the biomass of three-year-old Dipteryx panamensis plantations in SRWC in three different spacings (1.0x2.0 m, 1.0x0.5 m and 1.0x1.0 m) and establish the best spacing condition for this tropical species. The results showed that the production of biomass varies between 1.1 and 42.36 t.ha-1, and that 33-44% of the production are concentrated in the leaves. At three years, the SRWC presented 50% mortality, with a diameter of 4.8 cm at 30 cm-height from the ground, with total tree heights ranging from 5.17 to 6.98 meters. The evaluation of the biomass showed a calorific value between 18.9 and 19.4 MJ/kg, less than 1.81% of ash content and 86% of volatile content. As for the effect of the spacing, the green density of the wood and the moisture content increased with increasing spacing, while spacings of 1.0x1.0 m and 1.0x0.5 m showed the best behaviour regarding annual biomass production.

Production and Characteristics of Biomass for Arundo donax, Pennisetum purpureum, and P. purpureum × P. glaucum in a Short-Rotation Crop System in Humid Tropical Conditions in Costa Rica

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-304
Author(s):  
Estephanía Salazar-Zeledón ◽  
Johana Gaitán-Alvarez ◽  
Róger Moya
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Arundo Donax ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Dry Biomass

HighlightsArundo donax, Pennisetum purpureum, and P. purpureum × P. glaucum planted at 103 plants ha-1 were studied.Biomass production and energy characteristics were evaluated at 12, 18, 24, and 30 months.The production of dry biomass varied between 2.52 and 39.25 Mg ha-1.The biomass quality and production of Arundo donax were different from those of Pennisetum ssp.Abstract.The high global demand for fossil fuels has led to the search for alternative sources of renewable energy, such as the production of biomass from short-rotation crops (SRC). This study evaluated three grass species (, , and × ) in SRC systems planted at 103 plants ha-1 in humid tropical conditions in Costa Rica, considering biomass production, moisture content, and energy and chemical properties at four harvest ages (12, 18, 24, and 30 months). The results showed that the height of all species varied between 0.9 and 3.5 m at the different harvests, while the production of dry biomass varied between 2.52 and 39.25 Mg ha-1. As for their chemical properties, the ash content varied between 5.9% and 10.2%, volatile matter varied between 73.3% and 81.9%, and net calorific value varied between 15.86 and 18.94 MJ kg-1. In the three species, the production of biomass was greater at the 12-month and 18-month harvests; at later harvests, biomass production began to decrease, leading to increased moisture and ash contents, lower volatile matter, and lower calorific value. The biomass quality and production of were different from those of . Keywords: Bioenergy, Energetic potential, Forage, Pastures, Short-rotation plantations, Tropical species.

scholarly journals Modeling the Productivity of Forest Plantations with the Different Spacing the Trees

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
И.В. Припутина ◽  
I.V. Priputina
Keyword(s):  
Initial Density ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Threshold Ratio ◽  
Annual Biomass ◽  
Competition For Light ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Total Tree

The main objective of this study was to assess the biomass productivity of short-rotation forest plantations depending on different spacing between trees. Our simulations were focused on the birch plantation with the initial density of 2500 trees·ha-1, which could be reached by using two planting schemes: with the distances between trees in a row and between rows, respectively, 2 and 2 m or 1 and 4 m. We used the model EFIMOD-fbp-REG, and the soil-climatic data relevant to the Eutric Podzoluvisols disposed in the Republic of Mariy El in the Eastern part of European Russia. The results showed greater biomass of trees in the planting scheme of 1 × 4 m. With the scheme of 2 × 2 m, increments of diameters and heights of most trees decreased at the age of 15–20 years, and then the total number of trees strongly reduced. Intensive death of trees with the scheme of 2 × 2 m was due to the procedure simulating the self-thinning of trees, which was used in the model. It is based on the use of the threshold ratio of an annual biomass increment of the tree to the total tree biomass, IP/BT. With the planting scheme of 2 × 2 m, the almost simultaneous closing of crowns and root areas of neighboring trees in rows and between rows was the cause a competition for light and for available soil nitrogen, and resulted in a sharp reduction of biomass increments. As a consequence, the value of IP/BT was below the threshold. With the planting scheme of 1 x 4 m, step-by-step (or gradual) closing of crowns and root areas of trees (first in the rows and then between rows) reduced the competition effects, that ensured a higher growth rate of the tree stand in the next years.

scholarly journals Direct Assessment of Biomass Productivity in Short Rotation Forestry (SRF) with the Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS). Case of Study in NE Part of Romania (Preliminary Results)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Iulian Constantin Dănilă
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Allometric Equations ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanner ◽  
North East ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Destructive Methods

Short rotation forestry (SRF) provides an important supply of biomass for investors in this area. In the NE (North-East) part of Romania at the present time are installed over 800 Ha of this kind of crops. The SRF enjoys the support through environmental policies, in relation to climate change and the provisions of the Kyoto Protocol to reduce the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere. A precise estimate of biomass production is necessary for the sustainable planning of forest resources and for the exchange of energy in ecosystems. The use of the terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) in estimating the production of above ground wood biomass (AGWB) of short rotation forestry (SRF) brings an important technological leap among indirect (non-destructive) methods. TLS technology is justified when destructive methods become difficult to implement, and allometric equations do not provide accurate information. The main purpose of the research is to estimate the biomass productivity on tree parts in short rotation forestry with TLS technology. Measuring the hybrid poplars crops by TLS may have the following consequences: (1) Higher accuracy of the estimate of biomass production in the SRF; (2) cost and time effective measurements over the biomass of tree parts; (3) new and validated allometric equations for SRF in NE Romania; (4) solid instrument for industry to estimate biomass. TLS technology gives accurate estimates for DBH, tree height and location, as much as the volume on segments, commercial volume or crown volume can be determined. The accuracy of these values depends on the original scan data and their co-registration. The research will contribute to the development of knowledge in the field of hybrid crops.

scholarly journals Changes in the woody component of an East African savanna during 25 years

1999 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 545-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudius A. D. M. Van De Vijver ◽  
Charles A. Foley ◽  
Han Olff
Keyword(s):  
Woody Species ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Fire Frequency ◽  
Tree Density ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
East African ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Northern Tanzania ◽  
Total Tree ◽  
Large Decline

Changes in density, structure and species composition of the woody component of the two predominant savanna types in Tarangire National Park, northern Tanzania, during a period of 25 y were investigated. The park is known for its large, increasing elephant numbers and high frequency of fires. In 1996 a study on woody species density, composition and age structure, which was first performed in 1971, was repeated, using the same transects and method. Access to the original data of 1971 allowed for a full comparison of the changes and an investigation whether these could be related to changes in elephant numbers and fire frequency. The total tree density declined during the 25 y, but the decline was not evenly distributed over the different height classes. Although the density of trees taller than 5 m declined significantly, the greatest decline occurred in the density of trees shorter than 1 m. The density of trees in the intermediate height class of 1–5 m did not decline. Although damage to trees by elephants increased during the 25-y period, c. 25% showed no browse damage and, except for some severely damaged trees, elephant damage was not found to reduce tree vigour. Elephants affected the size distribution of the savanna woody component much more than the density, while the data suggest no significant effect of fire on changes in tree density. The large decline in density of small trees was attributed to a severe drought in 1993. Based on large numbers of elephants during the past decades and on relatively low elephant impact on the total tree density, the present study suggests that the current elephant number of 2300 can be sustained in the park without causing detrimental effects, provided that their current range is maintained.

scholarly journals Poplar breeding for the purpose of biomass production in short rotation periods in Germany: Problems and first findings

1993 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 727-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horst Weisgerber
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Land Utilization ◽  
Rotation Periods ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
European North ◽  
Basic Plant ◽  
Poplar Breeding ◽  
First Results

Investigations so far on the suitability of poplars for biomass production in short rotation periods in Germany were conducted almost exclusively with clones conceived for conventional cultivation. To introduce improved plant material, a special breeding program was implemented in Hann. Münden. It takes into consideration the most important criteria of suitability for the new form of land utilization. A report is given on findings so far from the realization of this program. Comprehensive basic plant material is available for European, North American and East Asian species from the sections Aigeiros, Leuce and Tacamahaca. Interspecific crossings are being carried out mainly in order to make the best possible use of combination and heterosis effects. A period of at least 20 years is necessary to develop new cultivars with high yield performance and yield stability. First results are presented on hybrids of species which are site-tolerant, resistant and particularly fast-growing at the juvenile phase. Plans to produce multiclonal varieties, each with 5 to 10 suitable clones with the same growing rhythm are in place. Special cultivation recommendations advocate clonal mixtures for each of the most important site units and for different rotation periods of from 2 to 5, 6 to 10 and more than 10 years. Key words: poplar, breeding, biomass, short rotation

ASSESSMENT OF ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF COMPOSITE FUEL PRODUCTION FROM THE PEAT AND BIOMASS

2021 ◽  
pp. 207-220
Author(s):  
Aleh I. Rodzkin ◽  
Evgenija V. Chernenok ◽  
Vasilij M. Sivko ◽  
Viatcheslav A. Rakovitch
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Renewable Biomass ◽  
Prime Cost ◽  
Wood Residues ◽  
Composite Fuel ◽  
Feedstock Production

The goal of investigation was assessment of environmental impact and economic efficiency of composite briquette production on the base of peat and renewable biomass. Biomass for composite briquettes was obtained from straw (cereal crops and rape) and wood residues (sawdust, chips) Experimental composite briquette were produced from the mixture of peat and biomass in relation to – 25 : 75, 50 : 50, 75 : 25. The technological cards of biomass feedstock production for 6 variants were developed. Technological cards were used for calculation of emission into the atmosphere during life cycle of biomass production and prime cost of biomass. The lowest volume of gas (SO2, NOx, CO2) and particulate matter (PM) emission was installed for biomass production from the sawdust. The highest volume of emission was installed for production of biomass from the straw with pressing it in standard bale. The volume of CO2 emission for the sawdust production was 6 kg per ton of biomass and for the standard bale of straw was 19 kg per ton of biomass. Prime cost of sawdust production (lowest) was 11 belarusian rubles per ton of biomass, for the wood chips was 19 rubles per ton and for the straw varied from 26 to 33 rubles per ton in depend of technology. It was installed that growth of biomass rate in composite briquette had a good influence on number of basic fuel characteristics (contents of ash, sulfur and moisture). The variation of calorific value of briquette was not significant in depend of biomass contents. In accordance with assessment of all characteristics the better briquettes was obtained from the peat and sawdust.

The Energy Efficiency Of Willow Biomass Production In Poland – A Comparative Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Szczukowski ◽  
Józef Tworkowski ◽  
Mariusz J. Stolarski ◽  
Michał Krzyżaniak
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Energy Gain ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Energy Inputs ◽  
The University

Abstract Field experiments with willow (Salix L.) coppice cultivation and Eko-Salix systems have been conducted at the University of Warmia and Mazury since 1992. In that wider context, the aim of the work described here was to compare energy inputs involved in setting up a plantation and producing biomass, and to assess the efficiency of willow-chips production under the coppice and Eko-Salix systems. The energy gain determined in the experiments was several to more than twenty times as great as the inputs needed to operate the plantation and to harvest willow biomass, this leaving both systems of willow cultivation under study attractive where setting up short-rotation coppices is concerned.

Recurrent wildfires drive rapid taxonomic homogenization of seasonally flooded Neotropical forests

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 378-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANA PAULA G. DA SILVA ◽  
HENRIQUE A. MEWS ◽  
BEN HUR MARIMON-JUNIOR ◽  
EDMAR A. DE OLIVEIRA ◽  
PAULO S. MORANDI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Ecosystem Processes ◽  
Tropical Species ◽  
Neotropical Forests ◽  
Floristic Similarity ◽  
Biological Communities ◽  
Local Extinctions ◽  
Seasonally Flooded ◽  
Amazonian Forests

SUMMARYRecent evidence has shown that most tropical species are declining as a result of global change. Under this scenario, the prevalence of tolerant species to disturbances has driven many biological communities towards biotic homogenization (BH). However, the mechanisms that drive communities towards BH are not yet thoroughly understood. We tested effects of recurring wildfires on woody species richness and composition in six seasonally flooded Amazonian forests and whether these fires reduce species composition (i.e., taxonomic homogenization) over short periods of time. Our results show that these forests are undergoing taxonomic homogenization in response to recurring fire events. Species richness decreased as a result of local extinctions and floristic similarity increased among forest communities. Fire was selecting tolerant (‘winner’) species and eliminating the more sensitive (‘loser’) species. BH leads to biodiversity erosion, which can deeply alter ecosystem processes such as productivity, nutrient cycling and decomposition, resulting in important consequences for conservation.

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