scholarly journals Visual attention of experts and novices to a critical industrial maintenance task

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marinilda Lima Souza ◽  
Camila de Sousa Pereira-Guizzo ◽  
Alex Álisson Bandeira Santos ◽  
José Maria León-Rubio
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Fixation Time ◽  
Error Prevention ◽  
Total Fixation ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Industrial Maintenance ◽  
Critical Task ◽  
Tracking Technology

Abstract: In the industrial maintenance field, critical tasks are activities that can endanger operating processes and cause serious accidents if not performed correctly. These tasks are typically performed by professionals with a considerable level of knowledge and rely on prescribed procedures that flag the task, drawing the attention of task performers. Given the importance of reviewing work procedures and monitoring tasks for human error prevention, this study analyzed similarities and differences in the visual attention of expert and novice task performers while following procedures with and without flagging of a critical task. The study included 48 maintenance professionals, divided into two groups of performers: experts and novices. For attention analysis, eye-tracking technology was used to monitor their observation during the work procedure, recording data on time to first fixation, total fixation time and number of visits. The results indicate that in the procedure without flagging of the critical task, the numbers of fixations on and visits to the stages of the task were higher in the novice than in the expert group. In the flagged procedure, the visual attention of experts and novices was similar when considering all stages of the task. In conclusion, the tasks must be revised between the two groups, and the flagged procedure can be used as a guide for work monitoring, helping experts or novices to more easily select relevant information.

scholarly journals Visual Attention Patterns in Adults According to the Use of Things in Aided AAC VSDs: An Eye-tracking Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 718-726
Author(s):  
Jin Hui Lee ◽  
Ji Young Na ◽  
Su Hyang Lee ◽  
Bong Won Yi
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Target Object ◽  
Visual Scene ◽  
Partial Group ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Total Fixation ◽  
Object Usage ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Tracking Technology

Objectives: This study aims to investigate patterns of visual attention on a target object in VSDs (Visual Scene Displays) when they are designed with/without an action of usage of the object. We used eye-tracking technology to evaluate how the action of usage of an object in still photographs influenced the visual attention of adults without disabilities. We tried to examine visual attention on the contents of visual scene displays (VSDs).Methods: 25 college students participated in the study. Eye-tracking technology recorded point-of-gaze while participants viewed 20 photographs. Data from eye-tracking provided information on where participants were visually fixated and paid more attention on the presented VSDs including a target object.Results: Both total fixation duration and average fixation count were statistically significant. Participants visually fixated on the target object longer and more often when the object was being used in the presented VSDs. For AOI (Area Of Interest) time of the first fixation, after analyzing only a partial group that had the data match due to the difference in gaze pattern per subject, the average AOI time of the first fixation was shown to be faster when using an object in 6 out of 10 objects.Conclusion: This study supports the inclusion of an action of an object usage in VSDs suggesting that the act of object usage can partially influence the visual attention pattern of a user.

Seeking attention: an eye tracking study of in-store merchandise displays

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 561-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Huddleston ◽  
Bridget K. Behe ◽  
Stella Minahan ◽  
R. Thomas Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Product Information ◽  
Product Category ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
First Time ◽  
Tracking Technology

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the role that visual measures of attention to product and information and price display signage have on purchase intention. The authors assessed the effect of visual attention to the product, information or price sign on purchase intention, as measured by likelihood to buy. Design/methodology/approach – The authors used eye-tracking technology to collect data from Australian and US garden centre customers, who viewed eight plant displays in which the signs had been altered to show either price or supplemental information (16 images total). The authors compared the role of visual attention to price and information sign, and the role of visual attention to the product when either sign was present on likelihood to buy. Findings – Overall, providing product information on a sign without price elicited higher likelihood to buy than providing a sign with price. The authors found a positive relationship between visual attention to price on the display sign and likelihood to buy, but an inverse relationship between visual attention to information and likelihood to buy. Research limitations/implications – An understanding of the attention-capturing power of merchandise display elements, especially signs, has practical significance. The findings will assist retailers in creating more effective and efficient display signage content, for example, featuring the product information more prominently than the price. The study was conducted on a minimally packaged product, live plants, which may reduce the ability to generalize findings to other product types. Practical implications – The findings will assist retailers in creating more effective and efficient display signage content. The study used only one product category (plants) which may reduce the ability to generalize findings to other product types. Originality/value – The study is one of the first to use eye-tracking in a macro-level, holistic investigation of the attention-capturing value of display signage information and its relationship to likelihood to buy. Researchers, for the first time, now have the ability to empirically test the degree to which attention and decision-making are linked.

scholarly journals Neuronal modulation in the mouse superior colliculus during covert visual selective attention

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lupeng Wang ◽  
James P. Herman ◽  
Richard J. Krauzlis
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Selective Attention ◽  
Superior Colliculus ◽  
Firing Rate ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Uncued Location ◽  
Visual Selective Attention ◽  
Covert Visual Attention

AbstractCovert visual attention is accomplished by a cascade of mechanisms distributed across multiple brain regions. Recent studies in primates suggest a parcellation in which visual cortex is associated with enhanced representations of relevant stimuli, whereas subcortical circuits are associated with selection of visual targets and suppression of distractors. Here we identified how neuronal activity in the superior colliculus (SC) of head-fixed mice is modulated during covert visual attention. We found that spatial cues modulated both firing rate and spike-count correlations, and that the cue-related modulation in firing rate was due to enhancement of activity at the cued spatial location rather than suppression at the uncued location. This modulation improved the neuronal discriminability of visual-change-evoked activity between contralateral and ipsilateral SC neurons. Together, our findings indicate that neurons in the mouse SC contribute to covert visual selective attention by biasing processing in favor of locations expected to contain relevant information.

scholarly journals Covert Attention to Gestures Is Sufficient for Information Uptake

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kendra Gimhani Kandana Arachchige ◽  
Wivine Blekic ◽  
Isabelle Simoes Loureiro ◽  
Laurent Lefebvre
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Information Extraction ◽  
Sentence Context ◽  
Covert Attention ◽  
Speech Comprehension ◽  
Video Clips ◽  
Degraded Speech ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Tracking Technology

Numerous studies have explored the benefit of iconic gestures in speech comprehension. However, only few studies have investigated how visual attention was allocated to these gestures in the context of clear versus degraded speech and the way information is extracted for enhancing comprehension. This study aimed to explore the effect of iconic gestures on comprehension and whether fixating the gesture is required for information extraction. Four types of gestures (i.e., semantically and syntactically incongruent iconic gestures, meaningless configurations, and congruent iconic gestures) were presented in a sentence context in three different listening conditions (i.e., clear, partly degraded or fully degraded speech). Using eye tracking technology, participants’ gaze was recorded, while they watched video clips after which they were invited to answer simple comprehension questions. Results first showed that different types of gestures differently attract attention and that the more speech was degraded, the less participants would pay attention to gestures. Furthermore, semantically incongruent gestures appeared to particularly impair comprehension although not being fixated while congruent gestures appeared to improve comprehension despite also not being fixated. These results suggest that covert attention is sufficient to convey information that will be processed by the listener.

scholarly journals Exploring Advertising Effectiveness of Tourist Hotels’ Marketing Images Containing Nature and Performing Arts: An Eye-Tracking Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsai Wang ◽  
Chia Tsai ◽  
Ta Tang
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Behavioral Intention ◽  
Performing Arts ◽  
Advertising Effectiveness ◽  
Order Effects ◽  
Attention Restoration ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Tracking Technology

The beautiful, natural environment in a tourist hotel’s marketing images can evoke relaxing and soothing emotions. However, can tourist hotels use nature as a servicescape to make their performing arts services more attractive? Based on attention restoration and servicescape theory, this study explores and compares the influence of tourist hotels’ performing arts images with nature- or built-based servicescapes on the advertising effectiveness (i.e., customer visual attention and behavioral intention). To analyze visual attention on the marketing images, this study uses eye-tracking technology to record customer visual trajectories. This experiment used a total of 113 participants. The sample size of the nature-based servicescape group was 59 (age with mean = 39.04), and that of the built-based servicescape group was 54 (age with mean = 40.17). A tourist hotel’s (Volando Urai Spring Spa & Resort) marketing images were chosen as stimuli. All participants were randomly assigned to the nature-based or the built-based servicescape group. In each experimental group, all the images were randomly presented to reduce any order effects of the images. By using eye-tracking analysis, the experimental findings were as follows: (1) A nature-based servicescape can arouse more visual attention of customers than a built-based servicescape can; (2) Marketing images with performing arts activities in nature-based servicescapes attract the visual attention of customers; (3) Nature-based servicescapes stimulate higher behavioral intentions of consumers than built-based servicescape.

Social Perception of Facial Feminization Surgery Outcomes: Does Gender Identity Alter Gaze?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanique A Martin ◽  
Shane D Morrison ◽  
Viren Patel ◽  
Fermín Capitán-Cañadas ◽  
Anabel Sánchez-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identity ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Social Perception ◽  
Objective Measure ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Fixation Time ◽  
Aesthetic Appearance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Attention And Perception ◽  
Tracking Technology

Abstract Background The evaluation of gender-affirming facial feminization surgery (FFS) outcomes can be highly subjective, which has resulted in a limited understanding of the social perception of favorable gender and aesthetic facial appearance following these procedures. The growing use of eye-tracking technology in the assessment of surgical outcomes has introduced an objective measure of viewer subconscious gaze, which may provide more insight into how viewer characteristics may influence gaze, attention and perception of favorable FFS outcomes. Objective In this study, eye-tracking technology was used to measure attention and perception of surgery naïve cisgender female and feminized transgender faces, based on viewer gender identity. Methods Thirty-two participants (18 cisgender and 14 transgender) were enrolled and shown five photos each of surgery naïve cisgender female and feminized transgender faces. Gaze was captured using the Tobii X2 60 eye-tracking device (Tobii, Stockholm, Sweden) and participants rated the gender and aesthetic appearance of each face using Likert-type scales. Results Total image gaze fixation time did not differ by participant gender identity (6.00 vs 6.04 sec, p = 0.889), however, transgender participants spent more time evaluating the forehead/brow, buccal/mandibular regions and chin (p < 0.001). Multivariate regression analysis showed significant associations between viewer gender identity, age, race, and education and the time spent evaluating gender salient facial features. Feminized faces were rated as more masculine with poorer aesthetic appearance than surgery naïve cisgender female faces, however, there was no significant difference in the distribution of gender appearance ratings assigned to each photo by cisgender and transgender participants. Conclusions These results demonstrate that gender identity influences subconscious attention and gaze on female faces. Even so, differences in gaze distribution did not correspond to subjective rated gender appearance for either surgery naïve cisgender female or feminized transgender faces, further illustrating the complexity of evaluating social perception of favorable FFS outcomes.

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