Influence of hydrofluoric acid etching time and concentration on shear bond strength of metal brackets to ceramic surfaces

Abstract Introduction Surface treatment prior to bonding ceramic brackets with hydrofluoric acid is indicated because of its ability to promote morphological changes necessary for adhesion. Objective To evaluate the shear bond strength (RUC) of metal brackets bonded to the feldspar ceramic surface under the action of hydrofluoric acid (AF), in different concentrations (5% and 10%) and different application times (30 and 60 seconds). Material and method Four nickel-chrome metal blocks that received an application of feldspathic ceramic were used, to which 80 metal brackets (Abzil/3M) were bonded and divided into 4 Groups (n=20) according to the acid etching procedure. The blocks were etched with 5% hydrofluoric acid for 30 and 60 seconds (AF5/30 and AF5/60, respectively) and 10% hydrofluoric acid for 30 and 60 seconds (AF10/30, AF10/60, respectively). The resin composite used was Transbond XT (3M) and the presence of a glazer was maintained on the ceramic surface. The specimens were placed on a Universal test machine Instron 4411 (Instron Corp, USA) to which a chisel was adapted to perform the shear test at a speed of 1mm/min. The data were submitted to the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Adhesive Remnant Index was evaluated. Result In the time interval of 30 seconds, there was no significant difference for the 5% and 10% hydrofluoric acid concentrations. In the 60-second time interval, the 10% concentration showed significantly higher shear bond strength values (p<0.05). The ARI showed predominance of scores 1 and 2. Conclusion It was concluded that 10% hydrofluoric acid showed higher shear bond strength values in 60 seconds of etching, while 5% hydrofluoric acid showed no significant difference between the etching times.

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Four chemical methods of porcelain conditioning and their influence over bond strength and surface integrity

Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1590/2176-9451.20.4.051-056.oar ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 51-56 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

João Paulo Fragomeni Stella ◽

Andrea Becker Oliveira ◽

Lincoln Issamu Nojima ◽

Mariana Marquezan

Keyword(s):

Phosphoric Acid ◽

Bond Strength ◽

Surface Integrity ◽

Hydrofluoric Acid ◽

Shear Bond Strength ◽

Testing Machine ◽

Acid Etching ◽

Ceramic Surface ◽

Surface Conditioning ◽

Phosphoric Acid Etching

OBJECTIVE: To assess four different chemical surface conditioning methods for ceramic material before bracket bonding, and their impact on shear bond strength and surface integrity at debonding.METHODS: Four experimental groups (n = 13) were set up according to the ceramic conditioning method: G1 = 37% phosphoric acid etching followed by silane application; G2 = 37% liquid phosphoric acid etching, no rinsing, followed by silane application; G3 = 10% hydrofluoric acid etching alone; and G4 = 10% hydrofluoric acid etching followed by silane application. After surface conditioning, metal brackets were bonded to porcelain by means of the Transbond XP system (3M Unitek). Samples were submitted to shear bond strength tests in a universal testing machine and the surfaces were later assessed with a microscope under 8 X magnification. ANOVA/Tukey tests were performed to establish the difference between groups (α= 5%).RESULTS: The highest shear bond strength values were found in groups G3 and G4 (22.01 ± 2.15 MPa and 22.83 ± 3.32 Mpa, respectively), followed by G1 (16.42 ± 3.61 MPa) and G2 (9.29 ± 1.95 MPa). As regards surface evaluation after bracket debonding, the use of liquid phosphoric acid followed by silane application (G2) produced the least damage to porcelain. When hydrofluoric acid and silane were applied, the risk of ceramic fracture increased.CONCLUSIONS: Acceptable levels of bond strength for clinical use were reached by all methods tested; however, liquid phosphoric acid etching followed by silane application (G2) resulted in the least damage to the ceramic surface.

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Effect of Acid Etching, Silane and Thermal Cycling on the Bond Strength of Metallic Brackets to Ceramic

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/0103-6440201601077 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 27 (6) ◽

pp. 734-738 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Natália Regina Santos de Matos ◽

Ana Rosa Costa ◽

Heloísa Cristina Valdrighi ◽

Américo Bortolazzo Correr ◽

Silvia Amélia Vedovello ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bond Strength ◽

Thermal Cycling ◽

Surface Treatment ◽

Hydrofluoric Acid ◽

Shear Bond Strength ◽

Deionized Water ◽

Acid Etching ◽

Ceramic Surface ◽

Adhesive Remnant Index ◽

Post Hoc

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of silanes, thermal cycling and acid etching on the shear bond strength (SBS) of metallic brackets to feldspathic ceramic. Feldspathic ceramic cylinders (Groups 1, 2, 5 and 6) were etched for 60 s with 10% hydrofluoric acid and Groups 3, 4, 7 and 8, without acid etching. Two layers of silane Clearfil Ceramic Primer (CCP, Groups 1 to 4) and two layers of RelyX Ceramic Primer (RCP, groups 5 to 8) were applied and dried for 60 s. Brackets were bonded to the cylinders with Transbond XT and light-activated for 40 s with Bluephase G2. All specimens were stored in deionized water at 37 °C for 24 h, and the specimens of groups 1, 3, 5 and 7 were submitted to 7,000 thermal cycles (5 °C/55 °C). After storage, the SBS test was performed at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. Data were subjected to three-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test (α=0.05). The adhesive remnant index (ARI) was evaluated at 8x magnification. The SBS of CCP was significantly greater than of RCP (p<0.05), with or without thermal cycling. Thermal cycling significantly reduced the SBS (p<0.05). The groups submitted to acid etching showed significantly higher SBS than those without acid etching (p<0.05). In conclusion, thermal cycling reduced SBS for all groups. The best ceramic surface treatment for bracket bonding was achieved by acid etching and CCP silane. The ARI results showed predominance of score 0 for all groups.

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Influence of different treatments of the ceramic surface and thermal cycling on the bond strength of brackets to ceramic

Revista de Odontologia da UNESP ◽

10.1590/1807-2577.01517 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 46 (3) ◽

pp. 179-183

Author(s):

Fernando Guerra SÁEZ ◽

Ana Rosa COSTA ◽

Adriana Simoni LUCATO ◽

Ana Paula Terossi de GODOI ◽

Lourenço CORRER-SOBRINHO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bond Strength ◽

Thermal Cycling ◽

Hydrofluoric Acid ◽

Shear Bond Strength ◽

Deionized Water ◽

Acid Etching ◽

Ceramic Surface ◽

Thermal Cycler ◽

Post Hoc

Abstract Objective To evaluate in vitro the effect of different treatments of the ceramic surface and thermal cycling on the shear bond strength (SBS) of metallic brackets bonded to feldspathic ceramic. Material and method Ceramic cylinders were divided into four groups (n=4) according to the treatment of ceramic surface: G1-Clearfil Ceramic Primer silane and Transbond XT (CCPT); G2-etched with 10% hydrofluoric acid (HFA) for 60 s, CCP and Transbond XT (ACCPT); G3-etched with 10% HFA for 60 s, Ambar Adhesive and Transbond XT (AAAT); and, G4 - etched with 10% HFA for 60 s, RelyX Ceramic Primer silane -RCP, adhesive primer Transbond and Transbond XT (ACPPT). Brackets were bonded to the cylinders with Transbond XT and light-activated for 40 s with LED Radii Plus. All specimens were stored in deionized water at 37 °C for 24 h, and two cylinders from each group were subject to 7,000 thermal cycles in a thermal cycler (5 °C/55 °C). After storage and thermal cycling, the SBS test was performed at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. Data were subjected to two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test (α=0.05). Result The SBS of ACCPT was significantly higher than the other groups (p<0.05). The specimens submitted to thermal cycling showed significantly lower SBS than those without thermal cycling (p<0.05), regardless the ceramic surface treatment. The ARI showed predominance of score 0 for all groups. Conclusion Acid etching, CCP silane and Transbond XT method obtained the best results for bracket bonding. Thermal cycling reduced SBS for all groups. Score 0 was predominant for ARI in all groups.

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Simplified Surface Treatments for Ceramic Cementation: Use of Universal Adhesive and Self-Etching Ceramic Primer

International Journal of Biomaterials ◽

10.1155/2018/2598073 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Heloísa A. B. Guimarães ◽

Paula C. Cardoso ◽

Rafael A. Decurcio ◽

Lúcio J. E. Monteiro ◽

Letícia N. de Almeida ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bond Strength ◽

Surface Treatment ◽

Hydrofluoric Acid ◽

Shear Bond Strength ◽

Strength Test ◽

Surface Treatments ◽

Resin Cement ◽

Test Machine ◽

Universal Adhesive ◽

Significant Difference

The aim of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength of resin cement and lithium disilicate ceramic after various surface treatments of the ceramic. Sixty blocks of ceramic (IPS e.max Press, Ivoclar Vivadent) were obtained. After cleaning, they were placed in polyvinyl chloride tubes with acrylic resin. The blocks were divided into six groups (n=10) depending on surface treatment: H/S/A - 10% Hydrofluoric Acid + Silane + Adhesive, H/S -10% Hydrofluoric Acid + Silane, H/S/UA - 10% Hydrofluoric Acid + Silane + Universal Adhesive, H/UA- 10% Hydrofluoric Acid + Universal Adhesive, MBEP/A - Monobond Etch & Prime + Adhesive, and MBEP - Monobond Etch & Prime. The light-cured resin cement (Variolink Esthetic LC, Ivoclar Vivadent) was inserted in a mold placed over the treated area of the ceramics and photocured with an LED for 20 s to produce cylinders (3 mm x 3 mm). The samples were subjected to a shear bond strength test in a universal test machine (Instron 5965) by 0.5 mm/min. ANOVA and Tukey tests showed a statistically significant difference between groups (p<0.05). The results of the shear strength test were H/S/A (9.61±2.50)A, H/S (10.22±3.28)A, H/S/UA (7.39±2.02)ABC, H/UA (4.28±1.32)C, MBEP/A (9.01±1.97)AB, and MBEP (6.18±2.75)BC. The H/S group showed cohesive failures, and the H/UA group was the only one that presented adhesive failures. The conventional treatment with hydrofluoric acid and silane showed the best bond strength. The use of a new ceramic primer associated with adhesive bonding obtained similar results to conventional surface treatment, being a satisfactory alternative to replace the use of hydrofluoric acid.

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The effect of surface treatment and thermocycling on the shear bond strength of porcelain laminate veneering material cemented with different luting cements

Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences ◽

10.20396/bjos.v18i0.8655468 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 ◽

pp. e191581

Author(s):

Fawaz Alqahtani ◽

Mohammed Alkhurays

Keyword(s):

Bond Strength ◽

Surface Treatment ◽

Hydrofluoric Acid ◽

Shear Bond Strength ◽

Surface Treatments ◽

Resin Cement ◽

Ceramic Surface ◽

Resin Cements ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Acid Etch

Aim: The study aimed to evaluate and compare the effect of different surface treatment and thermocycling on the shear bond strength (SBS) of different dual-/light-cure cements bonding porcelain laminate veneers (PLV). Methods: One hundred and twenty A2 shade lithium disilicate discs were divided into three groups based on the resin cement used and on the pretreatment received and then divided into two subgroups: thermocycling and control. The surface treatment were either micro-etched with aluminium trioxide and 10% hydrofluoric acid or etched with 10% hydrofluoric acid only before cementation. Three dual-cure (Variolink Esthetic (I), RelyX Ultimate (II), and RelyX Unicem (III)) and three light-cure (Variolink Veneer (IV), Variolink Esthetic (V), RelyX Veneer (VI)) resin cements were used for cementation. The SBS of the samples was evaluated and analysed using three -way ANOVA with statistical significant set at α=0.05. Results: For all resin cements tested with different surface treatments, there was a statistically significant difference within resin cements per surface treatment (p<0.05). The shear bond strength in the micro-etch group was significant higher than the acid-etch group (p<0.05) There was statistically significant interaction observed between the surface treatment and thermocycling (p<0.05) as well as the cement and thermocycling(p<0.05). It was observed that the reduction in shear bond strength after thermocycling was more pronounced in the acid etch subgroup as compared to the microetch subgroup. However, the interaction between the three factors: surface treatments, thermocycling and resin cements did not demonstrate statistically significant differences between and within groups (p=0.087). Conclusions: Within the limitations of the present study, it acan be concluded that Dual cure resin cements showed a higher Shear bond strength as compared to light cure resin cements. Thermal cycling significantly decreased the shear bond strength for both ceramic surface treatments. After thermocycling, the specimens with 10% HF surface treatment showed lower shear bond strength values when compared to those treated by sandblasting with Al2O3 particles.

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In Vitro Study of Shear Bond Strength in Direct and Indirect Bonding with Three Types of Adhesive Systems

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13112644 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. 2644

Author(s):

Angelica Iglesias ◽

Teresa Flores ◽

Javier Moyano ◽

Montserrat Artés ◽

Francisco Javier Gil ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bond Strength ◽

Shear Bond Strength ◽

Acid Etching ◽

Test Machine ◽

Adhesive Systems ◽

Indirect Bonding ◽

Direct Technique ◽

Significant Difference

This study aimed to compare the shear bond strength (SBS) and adhesive remaining index (ARI) using one conventional and two novel adhesive systems with clinical step reduction and direct and indirect bonding. A sample of 72 human premolars were divided into six groups of 12 samples. The first three groups (G1, G2, G3) were bonded with a direct technique, while the remaining groups (G4, G5, G6) were bonded by the indirect technique. Groups G1 and G4 used conventional acid-etching primer composite (XT); groups G2 and G5 used self-etching bonding (BO), and groups G3 and G6 had an acid-etching treatment followed by a self-adhesive composite (OC). All groups were exposed to thermocycling. Shear bond strength was analyzed with a universal test machine, and the ARI was examined with 4× magnification. The results showed statistically significant differences between the three adhesive systems. The highest strength values were observed in the XT group G1 (13.54 ± 4 MPa), while the lowest were shown in the BO G2 samples (5.05 ± 2 MPa). There was no significant difference between the direct or indirect bonding techniques on the three compared groups. The type of primer and bonding material significantly influenced the SBS. Values with self-etching bonding were below the minimum recommended for clinical use (5.9–7.8 MPa). There was no difference between indirect and direct bonding techniques. The lowest ARI scores (0–1) were observed in both self-etching and BO groups. Further clinical studies are needed to compare in vivo results.

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Knoop hardness of enamel and shear bond strength of brackets bonded with composite resin with and without fluoride

Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1590/s2176-94512012000400007 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. e1-e5

Author(s):

Silvia Amélia Scudeler Vedovello ◽

Marcelo Grigoletto ◽

Mário Vedovello Filho ◽

Heloísa Cristina Valdrighi ◽

Mayury Kuramae

Keyword(s):

Bond Strength ◽

Shear Bond Strength ◽

Composite Resin ◽

Resin Composite ◽

Knoop Hardness ◽

Strength Testing ◽

Test Machine ◽

De Re ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the Knoop hardness of enamel, shear bond strength and failure pattern (adhesive, bracket/resin interface or mixed) after bonding and debonding brackets, using resin composite with fluoride (Ortho Lite Cure, Ortho Source®) and without fluoride (Orthobond, Morelli®). METHODS: Fragments (6 mm x 6 mm) of 40 bovine incisor crowns were embedded in acrylic self-polymerizing resin. The Knoop hardness measurements were performed before and after bonding metal brackets. The specimens were divided into two groups, according to composite resin: with fluoride (Ortho Lite Cure, Ortho Source®) and without fluoride (Orthobond, Morelli®). After bonding, the specimens were submitted to demineralization and remineralization cycling for 14 days. Shear bond strength testing was performed in a universal test machine (EMIC), at 5 mm/min crosshead speed. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in shear bond strength between Groups I and II. After demineralization and remineralization procedures (DE/RE), the specimens bonded with Ortho Lite Cure showed higher Knoop hardness than Orthobond. For both groups there was predominance of failure at bracket/resin interface. CONCLUSION: specimens bonded with fluoride resin composite showed higher microhardness after DE/RE cycling than those bonded with resin composite without fluoride, although no difference in shear bond strength was found.

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The shear bond strength of reconditioned sapphire bracket after rebonding with sandblasting zirconia

Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.24198/pjd.vol30no1.13602 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 45

Author(s):

Dedeh Pitriani ◽

Setiadi W Logamarta ◽

Dian N. Agus Imam

Keyword(s):

Bond Strength ◽

Hydrofluoric Acid ◽

Shear Bond Strength ◽

Sem Analysis ◽

Strength Test ◽

Acid Etching ◽

Group Iii ◽

Group I ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group Ii

Introduction: Sapphire bracket is the best aesthetic bracket with metal bracket-like mechanical properties. In conditions causing attachment lost between sapphire bracket and enamel, a rebonding procedure will needed. The shear bond strength of sapphire bracket decrease after the rebonding procedure. Sandblasting, hydrofluoric acid etching, and silanization as surface treatment are widely used to improve the bracket bond strength. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of zirconia as sandblasting material towards the shear bond strength of reconditioned sapphire bracket. Methods: This study was an experimental laboratory with as much as 27 samples of sapphire bracket divided into 3 groups. Group I was rebonded with sandblasting zirconia and silane, group II with hydrofluoric acid etching and silane, and group III with new bracket bonding. The attachment strength measurement indicator was the shear bond strength test and the SEM analysis. Results: The shear bond strength test showed the average value for each group were 12.97 MPa, 9.26 MPa, and 10.58 MPa, consecutively. The test results were then analysed using a one way ANOVA and LSD (p < 0.05), which showed that significant difference only found in the comparison between group I with group II, but not in the comparison between group I with group III. The SEM analysis result showed that sandblasted surface has homogenous microporosities in high quantities. Conclusion: Zirconia as sandblasting material was effective in increasing the shear bond strength of reconditioned sapphire bracket.

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Orthodontic shear bond strength to porcelain surface in wet conditions

Revista Odonto Ciência ◽

10.15448/1980-6523.2016.2.16347 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 59

Author(s):

Magáli Beck Guimarães ◽

Bárbara Cocco ◽

Rodrigo Salbego Bueno ◽

Micéli Beck Guimarães Blaya ◽

Letícia Borges Jacques ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phosphoric Acid ◽

Bond Strength ◽

Shear Bond Strength ◽

Acid Group ◽

Acid Etching ◽

Time Interval ◽

Fracture Rate ◽

Test Machine ◽

Water Control ◽

Group 2

Objective: To evaluate the shear bond strength of orthodontic accessories bonded to a porcelain surface after storage in water.Methods: One-hundredand-twenty feldspathic porcelain discs were divided into 4 groups, according to the surface treatment: Group 1 – 37% phosphoric acid etching; Group 2 – 10% fluorhydric acid; Group 3 – 37% phosphoric acid and silane application; Group 4 – 10% fluorhydric acid and silane application. After the accessories were bonded, the sample was divided into two subgroups, according to the time interval of storage in distilled water: Control – 24 hours; and Test – 150 days. Shear bond strength was determined using a universal test machine, and failure type was verified by scanning electron microscopy.Results: In the test groups there was reduction in shear bond strength, particularly when silane was used. Test Groups 2 and 4 presented shear bond strength values within those proposed as adequate for orthodontic bonding. Groups 1 and 3 presented adhesive failures between porcelain and resin, whereas in Groups 2 and 4 cohesive failures in porcelain were recorded.Conclusion: Storage in water for 150 days decreased the bond strength at silanized interfaces. Fluorhydric acid etching generates adequate bond strength in wet conditions, however, increases the fracture rate in porcelain.

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Effect of etching with different hydrofluoric acid concentrations on bond strength between glazed feldspathic ceramic and metal brackets

Brazilian Dental Science ◽

10.14295/bds.2016.v19i1.1193 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 76

Author(s):

Cristiane Frantz Arend ◽

André Gundel ◽

Renésio Armindo Grehs ◽

Vilmar Antônio Ferrazzo ◽

Luiz Felipe Valandro

Keyword(s):

Contact Angle ◽

Bond Strength ◽

Hydrofluoric Acid ◽

Shear Bond Strength ◽

Adhesive System ◽

Control Group ◽

Ceramic Surface ◽

Ceramic Surfaces ◽

Angle Data ◽

Significant Difference

Objective – The aim of this study was evaluate the effect of etching with different hydrofluoric acid (HF) concentrations on the shear bond strength between glazed feldspathic ceramic and metal brackets. Materials and Methods – Seventy-five blocks of glazed feldspathic ceramic were produced and randomly allocated to 5 groups: Ctrl- silane application only; HF1- HF1%+silane; HF3- HF3%+silane; HF5- HF5%+silane; HF10- HF10%+silane (standard procedures: etching for 1 min + washing + drying + silanization). Metal brackets for upper central incisors (Edgewise Standard) were bonded on the ceramic surface with the use of an adhesive system and light-cured composite resin (TransbondTM XT, 3M). The specimens were aged for 60 days (thermocycling: 10000x at 5-55 °C; stored in distilled water at 37 °C). Shear testing was performed, and specimens were classified for their Adhesive-Remnant-Index (ARI). Topographical inspection and contact angle analysis of the etched ceramic surfaces were performed. Data were statistically analyzed using the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test. One-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey’s tests were applied to the contact angle data (p < 0.05). Results – No significant difference was detected between the shear bond strength of the groups; but surface etching had a significant influence on the contact angle results (p < 0.00001). The control group presented the highest mean contact angle (61.8 ± 17.2°). All specimens showed adhesive failure at the resin-ceramic interface. Conclusion – The tested HF concentrations did not significantly influence the obtained shear bond strength of metal brackets adhered to glazed feldspathic ceramic surfaces.KeywordsCeramics; Hydrofluoric acid; Adhesion; Brackets; Silanization.

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