scholarly journals Maturation, morphological, motor and technical characteristics of under 16 female track and field athletes

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jefferson Verbena de Freitas ◽  
Francisco Zacaron Werneck ◽  
Renato Siqueira de Souza ◽  
Phelipe Henrique Cardoso de Castro ◽  
António José Figueiredo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Youth Development ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
Young Athletes ◽  
Sports Events ◽  
Maximal Aerobic Speed ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
Morphological Variables ◽  
Predicted Height ◽  
Shot Put

Abstract There is growing interest in identifying morphological, motor, maturation characteristics, as well as their changes, of children and adolescents in systematized training in various sports. Knowledge of these characteristics is important for coaches and researchers because they provide parameters for assessing youth development during training. For track and field, studies on the category under 16 are scarce. Thus, the objectives of this study are to describe the profile and to design a percentile table of morphological, motor, maturation and event-specific variables of under 16 athletes. 105 young athletes were evaluated on two consecutive days. On the first day, an anamnesis of athletes and coaches was performed. Anthropometric and anaerobic measurements were analyzed in shot put, long jump, 800 m run. On the second day, flexibility, vertical impulse, upper limb strength, speed and maximal aerobic speed were evaluated. The biological maturation was evaluated by the percentage of the predicted height. A table with percentiles was prepared with the data of all athletes. Another table with the results of the whole group plus mean and standard deviation was prepared. A last table was prepared containing data divided by group of sports events. The morphological variables presented differences between the groups as to body mass, BMI and sum of skinfolds. Significant differences were observed only for the motor variable VMA. No significant differences were observed only for long jump. When divided by groups, it was evident that throwers are different from the other athletes in some morphologic variables and in specific sports events.

scholarly journals Performance Levels of Female Students in Combined Track-and-Field Events

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-68
Author(s):  
Ladislava Doležajová ◽  
Anton Lednický ◽  
Martin Vaváček
Keyword(s):  
Female Students ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Training Study ◽  
Average Performance ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Percentage Share ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Shot Put

Summary The authors have evaluated the combined track-and-field events performed by the female students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport of Comenius University in Bratislava (CU FPES) in the years 2013 – 2017. The combined track-and-field events are an obligatory part of the final Athletics examination in the teacher-training study program. The selected disciplines reflect the first day of the men’s decathlon with the exception of the last one, which is replaced by 800 m. The number of points in the combined event enters into the overall assessment of the subject Didactics of Athletics II together with an oral examination. The authors analysed not only the total number of points in the pentathlon but also in the individual disciplines and their percentage share in the final result. They have discovered that the shot put and high jump are among the most stable disciplines. The greatest variance of the percentage share in the overall number of points was observed in the 100 m dash, 800 m and in the long jump. The performance of a high number of students (almost two-thirds) came below the average performance in the particular year as expressed in points.

scholarly journals Acceleration of Longitudinal Track and Field Performance Declines in Athletes Who Still Compete at the Age of 100 Years

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bergita Ganse ◽  
Anne Kristin Braczynski ◽  
Christoph Hoog Antink ◽  
Matthias Knobe ◽  
Tim Pohlemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
Performance Trends ◽  
Performance Decline ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Shot Put

While physical performance decline rates accelerate after around the age of 70 years, longitudinal athletic performance trends in athletes older than 95 years are unknown. We hypothesized a further accelerated decline in human performance in athletes who still perform at the age of 100 years. To investigate this, longitudinal data of all athletes with results at or over the age of 100 years were collected from the “World Master Rankings” data base spanning 2006–2019 (138 results from 42 athletes; 5 women, 37 men; maximum 105 years) and compared to previously published longitudinal data from 80- to 96-year-old athletes from Sweden (1,134 results from 374 athletes). Regression statistics were used to compare performance decline rates between disciplines and age groups. On average, the individual decline rate of the centenarian group was 2.53 times as steep (100 m: 8.22x; long jump: 0.82x; shot put: 1.61x; discus throw: 1.04x; javelin throw: 0.98x) as that seen in non-centenarians. The steepest increase in decline was found in the 100-m sprint (t-test: p < 0.05, no sign. difference in the other disciplines). The pooled regression statistics of the centenarians are: 100 m: R = 0.57, p = 0.004; long jump: R = 0.90, p < 0.001; shot put: R = 0.65, p < 0.001; discus throw: R = 0.73, p < 0.001; javelin throw: R = 0.68, p < 0.001. This first longitudinal dataset of performance decline rates of athletes who still compete at 100 years and older in five athletics disciplines shows that there is no performance plateau after the age of 90, but rather a further acceleration of the performance decline.

Effects of Restricted Verbal Instruction and Feedback on Learning Track-and-Field Demonstration Techniques

1986 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 617-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iain C. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
Final Examination ◽  
Verbal Instruction ◽  
Arabic Speakers ◽  
Freshmen Students ◽  
Native Arabic Speakers ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
Shot Put

Sections of a physical education course were taught by native Arabic speakers and by a nonArabic speaker. All of the 111 freshmen students learned sprint start, high jump, long jump, and shot put. The final examination scores on rules were comparable whether instruction was verbal or nonverbal when the examination was in Arabic.

The level of sports performance of people with intellectual disabilities in athletics competitions of Special Olympics

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (81) ◽  
pp. 69-75
Author(s):  
Radosław Sroka ◽  
Jerzy Eider ◽  
Aleksander Wiażewicz
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
Special Olympics ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
People With Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Shot Put

Background: The Special Olympics are dedicated to people with intellectual disability and multiple disabilities. The aim of the study was to define the level of athletics competition results for participants with intellectual disabilities. More over researchers tried to determine the impact of gender and age on the results obtained by people with mental disabilities. Material and methods: There were 1108 results (431 female, 677 male) achieved at Special Olympics events in 2016-2017. Competitors were divided into 4 age groups and competed in 8 track and field events. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the examined males and females in the 50 m sprint scores in all categories. In the 100, 200 and 400 m races, the males in groups III and IV were faster than the females in each group. In the long jump-standing competition, the results for the males were on average longer than the females in every category. The results of the long jump-running indicate that the women in the III and IV category had on average shorter lengths than men in the same groups. Only men in category III had higher scores than females in the ball throw. All categories showed higher results of men in the shot put. Among females there were differences between age groups in 100, 200 m races, long jump-standing and ball throw events. Among males age groups, the differences were observed in 100, 200 m races and long jump-running competitions. Conclusion: The results of people aged 8-11 and 12-15 indicated a similar level of athletics competition results for males and females. In the groups 16-21 and 22+ years, a higher level of athletics competition results for was observed in men.‪

scholarly journals Do biological maturity and performance influence the training load of track and field athletes?

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramon Cruz ◽  
Danilo L. Alves ◽  
Pablo R. Domingos ◽  
Jefferson V. Freitas ◽  
Francisco Z. Werneck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Test ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
Specific Performance ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Biological Maturity ◽  
Shot Put

Abstract It is necessary to clarify if BM and track and field performance can modulate the perception about RPE-session. The purpose of the present study was to verify if biological maturity and track and field-specific performance can be associated with training load (RPE-session method). Seventy-five young athletes (13-15 years old) of both genders participated in the present study. The experimental protocol lasted seven consecutive days. Performance tests (75-m running, long jump, 250-m running, shot put and 1000-m running) were made on the first day. After 48 hours, five days of track and field training it was prescribed, each day represents a training of each performance test. All training sessions had the same duration (120 min). The value of the training load was obtained multiplying the RPE value with training session duration (in minutes). For girls, the training load of 250-m training was correlated with biological maturity (r = -0.36, p = 0.02, n = 37) and specific performance (r = 0.33, p = 0.04, n = 37). All other analyzes indicate that biological maturity and track and field-specific performance do not influence the training load based on RPE-session method. Training load based on RPE-session is not influenced by biological maturity and track and field-specific performance, therefore can be used to control the training load of young track and field athletes. To girls it is necessary a care to control the training sessions intensity of 250-m running.

scholarly journals IS THERE AN IDEAL AGE TO WIN AN OLYMPIC MEDAL?

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-17
Author(s):  
Ildikó Balatoni ◽  
Ágnes Jenes ◽  
Nikolett Kosztin ◽  
László Csernoch
Keyword(s):  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
Peak Performance ◽  
Online Database ◽  
Examination Period ◽  
Sports Events ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
Individual Sports

Knowledge of the age at which elite athletes achieve peak performance could provide invaluable information for the athletes to plan their career, to carefully select sports events promising successful participation. We aimed to identify the age at which top athletes achieved their Olympic medals, and to observe any changes in the average medal-winning age over the last decades. The age of Olympic medallists between 1960 Rome and 2016 Rio were collected using an online database. Data were gathered from the following individual sports: track and field, swimming, fencing (foil, épée, saber), triple jump, long jump, high jump, and wrestling (57 events all together). The study evaluates and compares the trends in the age of the winners in each discipline. Disciplines of this study show one of the two trends: the trend of increasing age, or trend of decreasing in age. In those disciplines, in which the Olympic medallists were younger than 26 years at the beginning of the examination period, such as swimming, the medallists became older over the decades. In those disciplines, however, in which the top three were older than 26 years at the beginning of the examination period, such as fencers, younger and younger athletes won their Olympic medals as time went by. The age and the trend in the changes of the age of the medallists in the examined disciplines support the theory of an optimal age, being around 26 years.

scholarly journals Efeito da potencialização pós-ativação no Atletismo: uma revisão sistemática

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego De Alcantara Borba ◽  
João Batista Ferreira-Júnior ◽  
Luniky Alves dos Santos ◽  
Maria Carolina do Carmo ◽  
Leonardo Gomes Martins Coelho
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Maximal Strength ◽  
Squat Jump ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Physiological Phenomenon ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
Main Activity ◽  
Shot Put

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2017v19n1p128 Post-activation potentiation is a physiological phenomenon reported to increase muscle performance during high-intensity exercise. To induce post-activation potentiation, maximal strength or power short-duration activities are performed minutes prior the main activity in an attempt to enhance performance. The aim of this study was to evaluate previous publications on the effects of post-activation potentiation on athletic performance. This systematic review used Scielo, Pubmed and SporDiscus database with the following search terms either alone or grouped together: post-activation potentiation, exercise, athletics, track and field, sprint, long jump, triple jump, high jump, shot put, javelin throw, hammer throw e discus throw. The review provided evidence that performing squat, jump and sprint exercises prior to the main activity elicited a state of potentiation that would improve sprint and throw performances and that preparatory activities that can cause post-activation potentiation should be used to improve athletic performance.

scholarly journals Injuries in Collegiate Track and Field Jumping: A 2-Year Prospective Surveillance Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 232596712097339
Author(s):  
Shota Enoki ◽  
Mami Nagao ◽  
Soju Ishimatsu ◽  
Takuya Shimizu ◽  
Rieko Kuramochi
Keyword(s):  
Track And Field ◽  
Flexor Hallucis Longus ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Hamstring Strain ◽  
Muscle Rupture ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Pole Vault ◽  
Type Of Injury

Background: Athletes participating in track and field jumping events (long jump, triple jump, high jump, and pole vault) are exposed to ground-reaction forces on the takeoff leg that are several times their body weight. This can cause injuries specific to such activities. Purpose: To determine the incidence of injuries in collegiate jumpers using the guidelines set forth by a 2014 consensus statement on injury surveillance during track and field events. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: A total of 51 jumpers between April 2016 and March 2017 and 54 jumpers between April 2017 and March 2018 participated in this study. All athletes were from a single college in Japan. Baseline information on athletes participating in the long jump, triple jump, high jump, and pole vault was collected at study enrollment. Practice and competition exposures were reported by the team trainer. Injury incidence was calculated as the number of injuries per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs). Results: A total of 147 injuries were reported among 16,998 exposures (8.65 injuries per 1000 AEs). The most common injury locations were the posterior thigh and lateral ankle (17.0%), followed by the posterior foot or toe (12.9%); the most frequent type of injury was strain/muscle rupture/tear (21.1%). The most common injury for long jumpers was ankle sprain (23.3%); for high jumpers, flexor hallucis longus tendinosis (15.8%); and for pole vaulters, hamstring strain (13.2%). Conclusion: The overall characteristics are different for each event; therefore, injuries for each event need to be investigated.

scholarly journals Competitive trait-anxiety and track and field: a study with young athletes

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 148
Author(s):  
Dante De Rose Junior ◽  
Esdras Guerreiro Vasconcellos
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
Young Athletes ◽  
Anxiety Test ◽  
Sport Competition

A ansiedade-traço competitiva (ATC) é uma característica psicológica relativamente estável onde o atleta percebe certos estímulos do meio competitivo como ameaçadores ou não e a eles responde com níveis variados de ansiedade-estado. A forma como o atleta interpreta esses estímulos pode variar de acordo com o tipo de esporte, idade e sexo. O objetivo deste estudo foi o de identificar os níveis de ansiedade-traço competitiva em atletas na faixa etária de 10 a 16 anos, praticantes de atletismo e compará-los em função de variáveis como o sexo e as diferentes faixas etárias. O estudo foi realizado com 81 meninos e 83 meninas divididos em três faixas etárias (até 12 anos; até 14 anos e até 16 anos), com participação em pelo menos, uma competição oficial. O instrumento utilizado foi o Sport Competition Anxiety Test (SCAT). Os resultados mostraram que: as atletas tiveram níveis de ATC significantemente maiores que os meninos, principalmente na faixa etária de 14 a 16 anos; não houve diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre as diferentes faixas etárias dentro do mesmo sexo. Pode-se concluir que, apesar das diferenças estatisticamente significantes, os níveis de ATC podem ser considerados moderados, não diferindo de resultados de estudos realizados por outros autores no Brasil e também em outros países

scholarly journals Track and Field and Physics: Long Jump

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Jae Kyun RYU
Keyword(s):  
Track And Field ◽  
Long Jump
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