scholarly journals GENDER PERSPECTIVE IN REPORTS ON WOMEN ATHLETES IN RIO 2016 OLYMPIC GAMES

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucimara Fabiana Fornari ◽  
Rafaela Gessner Lourenço ◽  
Rosa Maria Godoy Serpa da Fonseca ◽  
Danyelle Leonette Araújo dos Santos ◽  
Emiko Yoshikawa Egry
Keyword(s):  
Women Athletes ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Special Report ◽  
Thematic Content Analysis ◽  
Socially Constructed

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify reiteration trends or overcoming of gender inequalities in reports on female athletes published in Brazilian newspapers. Method: a documentary research based on reports published in the special report on Rio 2016 Olympic Games in two Brazilian newspapers of national circulation. 51 articles and 87 images were selected and submitted to thematic content analysis and processed in webQDA software. Results: four categories emerged from the empirical data: women’s representativeness in the Olympic Games; women on the champions platform; recognition of women from overcoming male performance; and violence against women gaining ground in sports’ agenda. Media coverage replicated socially constructed sexist patterns by portraying athletes from stereotyped female characteristics and revealed gender inequalities in describing situations of violence against athletes perpetrated by members of technical teams and supporters. Conclusion: despite the visibility given to the protagonism of athletes, there was the production and reproduction of gender stereotypes. Therefore, it is necessary to deconstruct and confront inequalities between men and women.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Sports News Coverage on Twitter

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
pp. 5199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Sainz-de-Baranda ◽  
Alba Adá-Lameiras ◽  
Marian Blanco-Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Women Athletes ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
News Coverage ◽  
Traditional Media ◽  
Gender Biases ◽  
Spanish Women ◽  
The Media ◽  
Sports News

Gender stereotypes influence boys’ and girls’ self-perception, with the differential treatment received by sports figures in the media being one of the main factors in the perpetuation of stereotypes about sports. The objective of this research is to analyze if the new communication channels, such as Twitter, maintain gender stereotypes when reporting sports news. For this purpose, the four most followed media in Spain were analyzed: (@ElPais_Deportes, @ABC_Deportes, @Marca and @MundoDeportivo) over a period of five months, from March to June 2016. Our sample was composed of 6544 tweets, with 96.19% about sportsmen compared to 3.81% that portrayed women. The sport with the most media coverage was football (72.11%), for men as well as for women, followed by basketball (6.63%). It is clear that despite the growing international triumphs of Spanish women athletes in recent years, the latter continue to be underrepresented in the media. Female athletes receive more media coverage according to the sport which they engage in (“gender-appropriate” sports), with the exception of football, and not in accordance with their accomplishments. Twitter remains at the service of traditional media replicating the same gender biases and even augmenting them.

scholarly journals Mortality of Japanese Olympic athletes in 1964 Tokyo Olympic Games

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. e000896
Author(s):  
Taro Takeuchi ◽  
Yuri Kitamura ◽  
Soya Ishizuka ◽  
Sachiko Yamada ◽  
Hiroshi Aono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Women Athletes ◽  
Japanese Population ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Male Athletes

ObjectivesTo compare the mortality of Japanese athletes in the 1964 Tokyo Olympic Games with that of the Japanese population, and to elucidate factors associated with their mortality.MethodsWe obtained from the Japan Sport Association study subjects’ biographical information, information on lifestyles and medical data. Missing data were obtained from online databases. Standardised mortality ratio (SMR) was calculated to compare athletes’ mortality with the Japanese population. Cox proportional hazards model was applied to estimate the HR for each category of body mass index (BMI), smoking history and handgrip strength. This analysis was limited to male athletes due to the small number of female athletes.ResultsAmong 342 (283 men, 59 women) athletes, deaths were confirmed for 70 (64 men, 6 women) athletes between September 1964 and December 2017. Total person years was 15 974.8, and the SMR was 0.64 (95% CI 0.50 to 0.81). Multivariate analysis performed on 181 male athletes. Mortality was significantly higher for BMI≥25 kg/m2 than for 21–23 kg/m2 (HR: 3.03, 95% CI 1.01 to 9.07). We found no statistically significant associations between smoking history and mortality; the HR (95% CI) for occasional and daily smokers were 0.82 (0.26 to 2.57) and 1.30 (0.55 to 3.03) compared with never smokers. We also found no statistically significant associations between handgrip strength and mortality (P for trend: 0.51).ConclusionJapanese athletes in the 1964 Tokyo Olympic Games lived longer than the Japanese population. BMI≥25 kg/m2 was associated with higher mortality, but smoking history and handgrip strength were not associated with mortality.

Shared Space: How North American Olympic Broadcasters Framed Gender on Instagram

2020 ◽  
pp. 216747952093289
Author(s):  
Rich G. Johnson ◽  
Miles Romney ◽  
Kevin Hull ◽  
Ann Pegoraro
Keyword(s):  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
News Media ◽  
North American ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Media Framing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Shared Space ◽  
Canadian Broadcasting Corporation ◽  
Social Media Platforms

The Olympic Games offer scholars the opportunity to better understand how broadcasters visually frame male and female athletes to their large audiences. Traditionally, scholars have focused their efforts on the televised Olympic broadcasts and photojournalism coverage in newspaper and magazines. Scholarship has historically found that female athletes were underrepresented in event coverage and framed along gender stereotypes; however, in more recent Olympic Games, research has shown the news media has provided more equitable coverage between the genders. Yet digital and social media platforms (SMPs) play a significantly larger role in how Olympic broadcasters share content and engage with audiences. Utilizing media framing theory, this study examines how gender is framed on the Olympic Instagram accounts of the two official North American rights holders: the National Broadcasting Corporation (NBC) and the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC). Researchers collected a cross-sectional sample from the 2016 Summer Games in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and the 2018 Winter Games in Pyeongchang, South Korea. Results indicate that NBC and CBC were generally equitable in SMP coverage of men’s and women’s athletic achievements.

Sports press coverage of Polish female athletes during the Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 39-48
Author(s):  
Natalia Organista ◽  
Zuzanna Mazur
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Press Coverage ◽  
Women's Sport ◽  
The Olympic Games

During the last Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro, the Polish female representatives won sig-nificantly more medals compared to men. This fact made the authors examine whether female athletes received proportionate media coverage compared to men. In the course ofresearch, articles from the two largest Polish dailies were analysed (“Gazeta Wyborcza” and “Fakt Gazeta Codzienna”). With the use of content analysis, 197 articles were analysed in order to check whether any quantitative and qualitative differences can be observed in describing women's and men's sport. The results show underrepresentation of press coverage regarding women's sport. The results of qualitative analysis also point to a number of differences when portraying women's and men's sport.

“They Never Do This to Men”: College Women Athlet’ Responses to Sexualized Images of Professional Women Athletes

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy Everbach ◽  
Jenny Mumah
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
College Women ◽  
Women Athletes ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Professional Women ◽  
Professional Athletes ◽  
Media Images ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
Standards Of Beauty

This study analyzed the reactions of college women athletes to mass media images of nude and scantily clad professional female athletes. The study focused on interviews of 18- to 22-year-old female athletes about the pressure on women to pose for sexualized photographs. Using a feminist framework, the study found that some of the college athletes rejected socially constructed concepts of femininity, others criticized the professional athletes for posing, and others accepted socially constructed standards of beauty. This research suggests that young women athletes are conflicted by the images of femininity presented by mass media and react in complex ways to them.

Rethinking the Status of Female Olympians in the Australian Press

2004 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Payne
Keyword(s):  
Media Coverage ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Press Coverage ◽  
Women's Sport ◽  
Common Assumption ◽  
Qualitative Approaches ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Media

There is a common assumption among sport and media analysts that female athletes worldwide simply do not enjoy adequate media coverage. This article aims to challenge this notion by highlighting an important aspect of women's sport reporting often overlooked in other analyses of sportswomen in the media — Olympic press coverage. In contrast to everyday press representations of women's sport, the Sydney Olympic Games in 2000 provided several positive examples of reports written by Australian journalists about female athletes. Incorporating quantitative and qualitative approaches, this paper assesses both the allocation and content of articles printed about female Olympians during the Sydney Olympics by four major Australian newspapers.

Framing of Sport Coverage Based on the Sex of Sports Writers: Female Journalists Counter the Traditional Gendering of Media Coverage

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward M. Kian ◽  
Marie Hardin
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
New York Times ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Men's Basketball ◽  
Women's Basketball ◽  
Female Journalists ◽  
Female Sports

This study examined effects of the sex of sports writers on the framing of athletes in print-media coverage of intercollegiate men’s and women’s basketball tournaments. The number of articles by female and male authors and the frames used were analyzed. Descriptors of players, coaches, and both tournaments in articles from CBS SportsLine, ESPN Internet, The New York Times, and USA Today were coded with the authors’ names initially hidden. Results showed that female journalists were more apt to cover women’s basketball, and men predominantly wrote about men’s basketball. The sex of writers also influenced the ways female and male athletes were presented. Male writers were more likely to reinforce gender stereotypes by praising the athleticism of male athletes. In contrast, female writers more often framed female athletes for their athletic prowess. The results suggest that female sports writers can make some difference in framing, but institutional structures minimize their impact.

The Visibility of Female Athletes: A Comparison of the Sochi 2014 Winter Olympic Games Coverage in French, British, and Spanish Newspapers

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Delorme ◽  
Amy Pressland
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Sports Media ◽  
Winter Olympics ◽  
The Media ◽  
Sport Events

The media coverage of sport events in relation to athletes’ sex has been extensively analyzed in the scientific literature. Apart from sports mega-events such as the Olympic Games, the findings of these studies seem consistent in that female participants are systematically underrepresented in sports media coverage. However, much of the research in this area relates to North America. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine sex equity in the coverage of the Sochi 2014 Winter Olympics by French, British and Spanish newspapers to provide new insights in this research field from a different cultural perspective. A content analysis was carried out and mixed results were found. French coverage shows significant discrimination of female athletes on most of the variables analyzed. Conversely, British coverage shows significant discrimination of male athletes on most of the variables studied. Finally, Spanish coverage is fair. These mixed results show the value of conducting such studies in geographical areas outside North America.

The Ball Game Is for the Boys: The Visual Framing of Female Athletes on National Sports Networks’ Instagram Accounts

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 738-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miles Romney ◽  
Rich G. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Culturally Appropriate ◽  
Sports Journalism ◽  
Female Participation ◽  
Ball Game ◽  
Sports Media ◽  
Men's Athletics ◽  
Visual Framing

Despite the growth of female participation in sports, media coverage of female athletics remains stagnant. Scholarship regarding the treatment of female athletes in magazines, newspapers, and news and highlight programming has shown that sports journalism organizations demonstrate ambivalence with minimal coverage that reinforces gender stereotypes. This study examined 1,587 Instagram images from the primary accounts of the four major American sports networks. The resulting data indicate that women’s athletic coverage lags significantly behind men’s athletics. Females are more likely to appear alongside a male and are more likely be shown in culturally “appropriate” sports and in nonathletic roles.

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